闽北地区中侏罗世火山岩的发现及其地质意义

中侏罗世火山岩在东南沿海分布极少,但对区域中生代构造-岩浆活动过程及大地构造演化的研究具有重要意义。在闽北地区大面积白垩纪火山岩区调查中,在政和铁山地区发现中侏罗世火山岩,用LA-ICP-MS同位素测试技术测得的锆石U-Pb年龄为173.63±0.80Ma。火山岩属钙碱性系列流纹质熔结凝灰岩,显示过铝质、富钾、富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素等地球化学特征,推断其形成于陆缘弧环境,与古太平洋板块早期俯冲作用有关。     

西秦岭北缘天水地区新元古代花岗质片麻岩地球化学特征及其形成环境

西秦岭北缘新元古代花岗质片麻岩位于天水地区分隔北秦岭造山带和北祁连构造带的新阳-元龙韧性剪切带中。花岗质片麻岩具高Si、高Al的特征,属高钾钙碱性系列,A/CNK在1.104～1.389之间,为硅、铝过饱和类型,属典型的强过铝质S型花岗质岩石。轻、重稀土元素分馏较强,具中等负Eu异常。岩石富集大离子亲石元素（Cs、Rb、Ba、Th、U、K、La等）,强烈亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Ti、Hf等）,明显的Ba、P、Sr负异常,相对富集Zr。该花岗质岩石是一种典型的壳源成因类型,主要为上地壳中以成熟度较低、含泥质成分较高的杂砂岩、岩屑杂砂岩为原岩的古元古界秦岭岩群中含水矿物相脱水部分熔融形成的,可能存在少量的分离结晶作用。该花岗质片麻岩具有同碰撞型花岗岩的特征,可能是北秦岭微地块与相邻地块在新元古代早期发生汇聚的产物,是Rodinia超大陆在西秦岭地区汇聚的响应。     

Lithospheric Electrical Structure across the Eastern Segment of the Altyn Tagh Fault on the Northern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau

Project INDEPTH (InterNational DEep Profiling of Tibet and the Himalaya) is an interdisciplinary program designed to develop a better understanding of deep structures and mechanics of the Tibetan Plateau. As a component of magnetotelluric (MT) work in the 4th phase of the project, MT data were collected along a profile that crosses the eastern segment of the Altyn Tagh fault on the northern margin of the plateau. Time series data processing used robust algorithms to give high quality responses. Dimensionality analysis showed that 2D approach is only valid for the northern section of the profile. Consequently, 2D inversions were only conducted for the northern section, and 3D inversions were conducted on MT data from the whole profile. From the 2D inversion model, the eastern segment of the Altyn Tagh fault only appears as a crustal structure, which suggests accommodation of strike slip motion along the Altyn Tagh fault by thrusting within the Qilian block. A large-scale off-profile conductor within the mid-lower crust of the Qilian block was revealed from the 3D inversion model, which is probably correlated with the North Qaidam thrust belt. Furthermore, the unconnected conductors from the 3D inversion model indicate that deformations in the study area are generally localized.     

中国北方第四系地下水同位素分层及其指示意义

中国北方第四系地下水中的D, 18O, 3H和14C含量存在明显的分层现象, 这种现象与末次冰期以来的古气候变化有着较好的对应性, 反映了全新世和末次冰期气候条件的差别以及地下水不同的形成机制.深层地下水为晚更新世末次冰期时期形成, 其δ(D) 和δ(18O) 值与全新世补给形成的浅层地下水相比, 分别贫4× 10-3~ 16× 10-3和1× 10-3~ 2× 10-3, 说明末次冰期时期年均气温较低.古地下水中D和18O的大陆梯度与全新世以来地下水中的梯度基本相同, 说明在过去30000a来尽管气温发生变化, 但中国北方大陆的大气循环模式没有发生实质性的改变.地下水同位素分层现象反映了3种不同的补给机制及参与现代水循环程度.这些信息对大陆尺度上的水循环研究和地下水的可持续开发利用有着重要的意义.      

柴达木盆地北缘晚中生代一新生代构造应力场——来自构造节理分析的证据

柴达木盆地的构造演化,尤其是中、新生代的构造演化历史及其影响程度一直存在争议。在冷湖O号、冷湖4号、鄂博梁、结绿素等剖面开展了野外构造节理测量,应用地层恢复技术,分析了柴北缘晚中生代-新生代构造应力场的演化过程。结果表明：晚侏罗世之后,柴北缘主要受东西方向的挤压,这与区域上的研究结果一致;早白垩世北西-南东向的挤压应力可能再次影响了侏罗系;晚白垩世受南北挤压应力的影响,地层隆升遭受剥蚀;始新世下干柴沟期至上新世狮子沟期,柴北缘处于弱活动时期．接受稳定沉积;上新统狮子沟组沉积之后,由于阿尔金山的隆升,盆地北缘主体受北西-南东向应力的影响,涉及地层包括上干柴沟组、下油砂山组和上油砂山组;早、中更新世七个泉期之后,受南北向构造应力场的强烈影响．在狮子沟组、上油砂山组和下油砂山组中都有其分量．较老地层的地表露头中也有记录。这期构造运动对柴北缘油气运聚具有破坏和二次成藏的作用。因此,围绕柴北缘其他地质剖面开展更进一步的构造节理测量和分析工作,对油气资源勘探具有指导意义。     

陕西几类重要铅锌矿床的矿物微量元素和稀土元素特征

文章将陕西铅锌矿分为海底喷气沉积型(即SEDEX型)、与海底喷气沉积-改造作用有关的类SEDEX型和MVT型3类.对马元(MVT型)、南沙沟和江坡(类SEDEX型)、铅硐山和二里河(SEDEX型)铅锌矿床中的闪锌矿等矿物进行的微量元素和稀土元素测定结果表明,3类矿床各具特点:马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿的Co、Ni、Th、Y含量较低,而Mo、Cs、Sr、Ba、T1含量较高;南沙沟和江坡铅锌矿床闪锌矿的Sn、Sb、W含量较低,而Mn、Y、Zr、In含量较高;铅硐山和二里河铅锌矿床闪锌矿的Li、Zr、CB、Ba含量较低,而W含量较高;在闪锌矿Li-Cs、Zr-In、W-Sn、∑REE-δEu、δEu-δCe散点图上,5个矿床的投点按上述3类分别集中.但铅硐山和二里河铅锌矿床与南沙沟和江坡铅锌矿床具有更多的相似性,而与马元铅锌矿床差异较大:在闪锌矿Sr-Ba、Co-Ni、Th-Y、Mo-T1散点图上,马元的投点集中于一处,而其他4个矿床的投点集中于另一处;马元闪锌矿具有十分明显的铕正异常,而南沙沟、江坡、铅硐山和二里河闪锌矿铕异常不明显,或具有负铕异常;5元素矿床闪锌矿稀土元素配分曲线均为轻稀土元素稍富集的右倾型,但马元的稀土元素总量明显低于其他4个矿床.     

柴达木盆地北缘盆-山耦合特征及对砂岩型铀成矿的控制作用

柴达木盆地北缘盆地-造山带体系在西北地区有一定的代表性,盆-山耦合过程与成矿的研究是当代地质科学研究的热点之一。以盆-山耦合体系演化、铀矿化目的层改造作用、砂岩型铀成矿理论为基础,将柴达木盆地北缘划分成四大构造单元,讨论了主要构造运动时期的盆-山耦合特征,分析了盆-山耦合体系对侏罗系、古近系和新近系的改造作用,指出了该区的主要找矿类型。     

桂北一洞锡矿床稀土元素地球化学研究

通过对矿床中各类型矿石中的锡石、与成矿有关的岩体及围岩稀土元素地球化学分析，探讨了各成矿阶段锡石中稀土元素的组成模式、总量和特征值的变化规律及原因，成矿物质及稀土元素具多来源性，岩浆岩及围岩中稀土酚模显示其具有同成因特征。     

陕西陶湾群北侧剪切混杂带的确定及其地质意义

陕西境内的陶湾群和大片出露的寒牙纪地层之间，发育一套以千枚岩夹白云岩透镜体为主的复杂岩系。这套岩系实际上构成一个剪切混杂带，成为秦岭造山带和华北地台的界线，该带不是一个沉积地层单位，而应视为岩石－构造组合体，带内发育一系列冲断层，在洛南柏峪寺地区，从中可以分出３个构造岩片，其中的白云岩岩块为构造岩块。根据显微，小构造分析及岩性对比，认为冲断层由北向南逆冲，带内至少卷入有晚元古代大庄组，震旦纪罗圈组     

Multi-Stage Modification of the Northern Slave Mantle Lithosphere: Evidence from Zircon- and Diamond-Bearing Eclogite Xenoliths Entrained in Jericho Kimberlite, Canada

The Jericho kimberlites are part of a small Jurassic kimberlitecluster in the northern Slave craton, Canada. A variety of datingtechniques were applied to constrain the nature and age of twoJericho kimberlites, JD-1 (170·2 ± 4·3Ma Rb–Sr phlogopite megacrysts, 172·8 ±0·7 Ma U–Pb eclogite rutile, 178 ± 5 MaU–Pb eclogite zircon lower intercept) and JD-3 (173 ±2 Ma Rb–Sr phlogopite megacryst; 176·6 ±3·2 Ma U–Pb perovskite), and all yielded identicalresults within analytical uncertainty. As there is no discernibledifference in the radiometric ages obtained for these two pipes,the composite Rb–Sr phlogopite megacryst date of 173·1± 1·3 Ma is interpreted as the best estimate forthe emplacement age of both Jericho pipes. The initial Sr isotopecomposition of 0·7053 ± 0·0003 derivedfrom phlogopite megacrysts overlaps the range (0·7043–0·7084)previously reported for Jericho whole-rocks. These strontiumisotope data, combined with the radiogenic initial ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pbratio of 18·99 ± 0·33 obtained in thisstudy, indicate that the Jericho kimberlites are isotopicallysimilar to Group 1 kimberlites as defined in southern Africa.The Jericho kimberlites are an important new source of mantlexenoliths that hold clues to the nature of the Slave cratonsubcontinental mantle. A high proportion (30%) of the Jerichomantle xenolith population consists of various eclogite typesincluding a small number (2–3%) of apatite-, diamond-,kyanite- and zircon-bearing eclogites. The most striking aspectof the Jericho zircon-bearing eclogite xenoliths is their peculiargeochemistry. Reconstructed whole-rock compositions indicatethat they were derived from protoliths with high FeO, Al₂O₃and Na₂O contents, reflected in the high-FeO (22·6–27·5wt %) nature of garnet and the high-Na₂O (8·47–9·44wt %) and high-Al₂O₃ (13·12–14·33 wt %)character of the clinopyroxene. These eclogite whole-rock compositionsare highly enriched in high field strength elements (HFSE) suchas Nb (133–1134 ppm), Ta (5–28 ppm), Zr (1779–4934ppm) and Hf (23–64 ppm). This HFSE enrichment is linkedto growth of large (up to 2 mm) zircon and niobian rutile crystals(up to 3 modal %) near the time of eclogite metamorphism. Thediamond-bearing eclogites on the other hand are characterizedby high-MgO (19·6–21·3 wt %) garnet andultralow-Na₂O (0·44–1·50 wt %) clinopyroxene.Paleotemperature estimates indicate that both the zircon- anddiamond-bearing eclogites have similar equilibration temperaturesof 950–1020°C and 990–1030°C, respectively,corresponding to mantle depths of 150–180 km. Integrationof petrographic, whole-rock and mineral geochemistry, geochronologyand isotope tracer techniques indicates that the Jericho zircon-bearingeclogite xenoliths have had a complex history involving Paleoproterozoicmetamorphism, thermal perturbations, and two or more episodesof Precambrian mantle metasomatism. The oldest metasomatic event(Type 1) occurred near the time of Paleoproterozoic metamorphism(1·8 Ga) and is responsible for the extreme HFSE enrichmentand growth of zircon and high-niobian rutile. A second thermalperturbation and concomitant carbonatite metasomatism (Type2) is responsible for significant apatite growth in some xenolithsand profound light rare earth element enrichment. Type 2 metasomatismoccurred in the period 1·0–1·3 Ga and isrecorded by relatively consistent whole-rock eclogite modelNd ages and secondary U–Pb zircon upper intercept dates.These eclogite xenoliths were derived from a variety of protoliths,some of which could represent metasomatized pieces of oceaniccrust, possibly linked to east-dipping subduction beneath theSlave craton during construction of the 1·88–1·84Ga Great Bear continental arc. Others, including the diamond-bearingeclogites, could be cumulates from mafic or ultramafic sillcomplexes that intruded the Slave lithospheric mantle at depthsof about 150–180 km. KEY WORDS: zircon- and diamond-bearing eclogites; Jericho kimberlite, geochronology; Precambrian metasomatism, northern Slave Craton