南流江河口红树林潮沟主要鱼类时空生态位

基于2019年7月(夏)、2019年10月(秋)、2020年1月(冬)、2020年5月(春)的季节性鱼类采样数据,运用相对重要性指数(IRI)、Shannon指数和Pianka指数对南流江河口红树林潮沟主要鱼类的时空生态位宽度和重叠进行分析,结合冗余分析探讨主要鱼类间的生态位分化。结果表明：共采集到鱼类17 680尾,隶属12目23科37属45种,其中主要鱼类(IRI>100) 10种。在主要鱼类中,时间生态位宽度值变化范围为0.46～1.78,其中嵴塘鳢最大,爪哇拟虾虎鱼最小;空间生态位宽度值变化范围为0.81～2.05,其中斑尾刺虾虎鱼最大,爪哇拟虾虎鱼最小。时空生态位宽度值达到2以上(广生态位种)的种类有6种,分别是鲻、齐氏罗非鱼、中华乌塘鳢、斑尾刺虾虎鱼、嵴塘鳢和杂食豆齿鳗。鲻与爪哇拟虾虎鱼的时间生态位重叠值最高(0.928),尾纹双边鱼与食蚊鱼的空间生态位重叠值最高(0.979),齐氏罗非鱼与斑尾刺虾虎鱼的时空生态位重叠值最高(0.822)。南流江河口红树林潮沟主要鱼类时空二维生态位有6.7%的种对显著重叠(Q_ik>0.6),表明物种时空分布...     

基于均分法的小生境遗传算法

为了避免遗传算法种群中个体过早陷入局部最小,在以往随机初始种群的基础上提出一种均分法,使得初始种群随机平均地分为若干个子种群,形成小生境,这样既维持了种群的多样性,也使得种群中的个体不会过早出现早熟现象,更提高了算法的收敛速度.同时采用了自适应技术控制交叉和变异的概率,使得算法能更快速地找到最优解.仿真结果表明,与传统的遗传算法优化RBF网络相比较,新算法的迭代次数更少,精度更高,大大提高了收敛速度.     

Recognition and palaeoclimatic implications of late Quaternary niche glaciation in eastern Lesotho

Geomorphic evidence of former glaciation in the high Drakensberg of southern Africa has proven controversial, with conflicting glacial and non‐glacial interpretations suggested for many landforms. This paper presents new geomorphological, sedimentological and micromorphological data, and glacier mass‐balance modelling for a site in the Leqooa Valley, eastern Lesotho, preserving what are considered to be moraines of a former niche glacier that existed during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The geomorphology and macro‐sedimentology of the deposits display characteristics of both active and passive transport by glacial processes. However, micromorphological analyses indicate a more complex history of glacial deposition and subsequent reworking by mass movement processes. The application of a glacier reconstruction technique to determine whether this site could have supported a glacier indicates a reconstructed glacier equilibrium line altitude (ELA) of 3136 m a.s.l. and palaeoglacier mass balance characteristics comparable with modern analogues, reflecting viable, if marginal glaciation. Radiocarbon dates obtained from organic sediment within the moraines indicate that these are of LGM age. The reconstructed palaeoclimatic conditions during the LGM suggest that snow accumulation in the Drakensberg was significantly higher than considered by other studies, and has substantial relevance for tuning regional climate models for southern Africa during the last glacial cycle. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西部干旱区省会城市生态经济位比较研究

从生态经济位理论出发,提出了城市生态经济位概念及度量方法,并根据生态经济位计算模型,从社会、经济和环境因子三个层面归结了30个指标,建立了定量评价指标体系,依此测算了2002年、2003年西部干旱区6个省会城市的生态经济位,得出2002年和2003年在西部干旱区省会城市中,乌鲁木齐的生态经济位最大,西宁的生态经济位最小的结论。文章最后分析、解释了西部干旱区6省会城市生态经济位动态变化及其原因。     

Ecological patterns and sustainability of freshwater swamp forest ecosystems: assessing climate and disturbance interactions

Species composition and factors that control the distribution of freshwater swamp forests in West Africa are largely unknown. To achieve this, 24, one‐hectare forest plots were established to assess the tree species (DBH ≥ 10 cm) distribution across the ecosystem. A total of 138 species within 100 genera and 41 families were distributed across the forest plots and 47 species were identified as indicator species. These indicator species were used to constrain the species‐environmental categories across three broad habitat types: the disturbed freshwater zone, the mangrove‐freshwater transition zone and the intact freshwater zone. While 40 species are associated with one of the three forest categories, seven of them coexisted in disturbed and mangrove‐freshwater zones. Disturbance (local factors) was identified as the most important determinant of the species distribution followed by the climatic factors. Future climate predictions for the locations are quite variable and suggest that some species may be non‐viable as the ecosystem's composition may alter. While the indicator species provides insights on the species‐environment relationships, and is useful for informing forest conservation and planning, their tendency to continually co‐exist with others and provide vital functions is dependent on how sustainably the people use them.     

基于生态位理论的山东省城市旅游竞争力评价及空间格局研究

基于生态位理论,通过构建市场维、资源维、社会经济维、生态环境维的指标体系,评价2004—2009,2009—2014年山东省城市旅游竞争力,根据聚类分析结果和核心边缘理论,建立山东省城市旅游竞争力空间格局。研究发现:青岛市城市旅游综合竞争力排名稳居第一,烟台市、济南市紧随其后,其余城市的排名变化不大;山东省城市旅游竞争力呈现核心城市—次级城市—边缘城市的空间格局。核心城市可采取协同发展策略,带动和辐射周边城市的发展;次级城市重在加强市场营销,提升市场竞争力;边缘城市以特色策略为主,生态位扩充策略为辅,扩大生态位,提高城市旅游竞争力。     

1999～2009年岷江上游干旱河谷聚落区林地变化特征

岷江上游干旱河谷聚落区林地变化情况是检测长江上游生态环境建设好坏的重要指标.本文基于SPOT遥感数据和GIS技术,以聚落生态位为研究单元,分析1999～2009年岷江上游干旱河谷聚落区林地变化特征.结果显示:1)1999 ～2009年,岷江上游聚落生态位内林地面积增加22.58 km2,理县和汶川县增长率较高,分别为87.5％和89.75％;2)岷江上游干旱河谷聚落区林地以2401 ～2600 m为中心呈准正态分布,林地面积增加集中于海拔1 801～2800m地带;3)林地主要分布于15° ～25°之间,不同坡段林地面积均增加,增幅介于36.31％～73.68％之间;4)林地分布呈现北坡与西坡高于南坡与东南坡的特征,受水分与湿度条件影响,北坡和西坡方向上林地增加最多,分别为64.02％和62.78％.因此,由于退耕还林等生态工程的实施,岷江上游干旱河谷聚落区生态环境得到改善.     

Resource Use by a Mediterranean Rocky Slope Fish Assemblage

Abstract. Resource partitioning has been intensely studied in fish assemblages of tropical reefs, whereas surprisingly little research has been conducted on the benthic Mediterranean. Here we describe the composition of a fish assemblage of the rocky slopes at Tremiti Islands, southern Adriatic Sea, the vertical distribution at depths from 0 to 42 m, habitat choice and food use of the different species, and we identify the resources along which species are ecologically segregated. Species composition and fish density showed high similarities with the few other assemblages that have been censused on the rocky coasts of the Mediterranean. We observed a wide overdispersion among species in their use of food and habitat, while very little segregation occurred at the level of depth distribution. No coincident use of food, habitat or active periods occurred among fish species, and no trophic guilds exist in the three-dimensional niche.     

海权论与和谐海洋大战略观

21世纪是海洋世纪。在当今和平的时代里,国家与国家之间的竞争,主要表现在能源等资源的竞争．人与自然的和谐发展以及科学技术的进步,如何用和平的手段去获取国家海洋的控制权益．提高国家的综合竞争能力,兵不血刃而达到目的,是我国重要的海洋战略。论文结合马汉的海权论,海洋新世纪的发展趋势,论述了构建当代我国和谐海洋大战略观及对海洋的控制权益。