Trouble in paradise: resilience and Vancouver’s second life in the “new economy”

Resilience is an increasingly important concept within urban studies, economic geography, and evolutionary economics for measuring the capacity of city-regions to respond to economic shocks. In this article, we provide a sympathetic critique of the resilience metaphor in urban studies, which we explicate through an analysis of the recent history of the Vancouver economy. On the surface, Vancouver seemingly showed resilience when it overcame the abrupt decline of its resource-based economy in the 1980s, and established an alternative flourishing “new economy” by the 1990s. But over the last five years, the key local “creative” industries such as video game development and film production have suffered, with a number of large firms leaving Vancouver, and industry employment declining sharply. Drawing on more than 40 interviews conducted over a five-year period with members of the local video game community, our paper documents the rise and more recent decline of Vancouver’s “new economy” sector. Our research raises questions about the value of the resilience metaphor in urban studies and highlights the difficulties facing city-regions reliant on highly mobile “new economy” industries.     

Postrevolutionary land encroachments in Cairo: Rhizomatic urban space making and the line of flight from illegality

After the January 2011 revolution, new and unpermitted constructions on previously empty land went up across Cairo at striking speed. This paper explores a case of such land encroachments carried out by waste collectors in the neighbourhood of Manshiet Nasser in Cairo, Egypt. It begins with theoretical debates about the production of urban space, arguing that the de Certeauian paradigm, in which urban marginals poach or hijack others' spaces evanescently, fails to account for the way such encroachments produce permanent new spaces rhizomatically alongside the pre‐existing order. The paper then turns to a close examination of the events in Manshiet Nasser. Although in a broad view the actors are marginals living in the ‘informal’ city, the conditions enabling the encroachments were such that only the wealthiest and most powerful members of the ‘community’ benefitted. In a context of generalized ‘illegality’, the squatters rely on practical norms and de facto recognitions to obtain some degree of tenure security. Since these efforts rely on and play off legal norms even as the squatters violate them, the paper argues that property rights in this context should be understood not in classificatory terms based on the legal/illegal binary, but rather through a trajectory of ‘becoming‐legal’: a ‘line of flight’ that approaches legality asymptotically.     

2005-2013年中国新增造林植被生物量碳库固碳潜力分析

本文利用2005-2013年林业统计年鉴中每个省市新造林面积和遥感分类提取得到的2010年土地覆被类型,结合公开发表的各类森林生长方程和各个时期的森林存活率,估算了中国新造林在2005-2100年生物量碳库变化及其固碳潜力。结果表明：2005-2013年中国新造林面积达到4394×10⁴ hm²,在自然生长状况下,到2020年新造林蓄积量增加16.8亿m³,生物量增加1.6 Pg,生物量碳库0.76 Pg C;新造林生物量碳库在2005-2100年中将增加2.11 Pg C,相当于目前现有森林生物量碳库的25%,约是过去20年森林总碳汇的1.5倍;新造林生物量碳密度逐年增加,最高达到48.1 Mg/hm²。整合林业统计年鉴以及遥感解译的森林类型对新造林生物量固碳潜力分析,研究表明新造林具有较大的碳汇潜力,对中国现有森林碳汇平衡有重要贡献。     

中国新型城镇化的空间格局演变及影响因素分析——基于285个地级市的面板数据

对中国2003~2012年285个地级市的新型城镇化水平进行测度,对其空间格局的演变进行深刻剖析。基于距离平方倒数权重矩阵,检验空间相关性,建立空间计量模型分析其影响因素,得出以下结论：① 新型城镇化的空间格局总体呈东高西低态势,且不断向内陆地区扩展,大城市水平明显高于中小城市;② 中国城市的新型城镇化水平具有明显的空间相关性,劳动力、投资水平、经济发展、政府能力、基础设施以及产业结构均起到正向的促进作用,且经济发展、劳动力与基础设施具有显著的正向空间溢出效应,其他几个变量均为负溢出。③ 估计效果最好的SDM模型显示不仅是本地区解释变量,还包括周边地区的相关变量都会影响各城市新型城镇化进程。     

重庆市新型城镇化质量与生态环境承载力耦合分析

本文以重庆市为研究对象,采用耦合分析法,通过分析新型城镇化质量和生态环境承载力主要指标,构建新型城镇化质量与生态环境承载力耦合协调模型,计算2000-2012年重庆市及各区县新型城镇化质量与生态环境承载力的耦合度,评价重庆市新型城镇化质量和生态环境承载力耦合阶段及水平,分析生态环境承载力与新型城镇化发展质量的耦合分类,为探索可持续发展的城镇化道路提供数据参考。结果显示：2000-2012年,① 重庆全市耦合度处于在0.967~1.000之间,显示出重庆市的新型城镇化质量与生态环境承载力的耦合阶段处在高水平耦合时期;② 重庆市区县新型城镇化质量与生态环境承载力耦合度分布基本符合“一圈两翼”的空间分异规律,耦合度范围在0.884~1.000之间,也处于生态环境与城镇化质量高耦合时期;③ 但重庆市各区县新型城镇化质量与生态环境承载力存在明显区域差异,尤其是生态环境承载力指数的空间差异比较明显,根据耦合状况可以大致分为4种区县耦合类型。表明重庆市快速城镇化的后果导致都市区生态压力增大,生态承载力空间差异显著的现实将导致原有城镇化发展方式面临不可维系局面,亟需调整城镇化发展方式;发展新型城镇化应通过优化资源利用方式,调整产业空间布局和升级产业达到疏导人口分布和提升城镇化发展质量的目的,最终缓解生态环境因城镇化快速发展带来的压力。     

新制度经济学视角下高校周边商业街分异研究——以湖南师范大学和湖南大学本部校区为例

高校扩招带来了其周边商业街的蓬勃发展,已有研究从不同角度对其展开论述,新制度经济学的发展与完善为理解高校周边商业街的分异提供了新的可能性。以湖南师范大学和湖南大学本部校区的4条商业街为例,从新制度经济学的角度解释高校周边商业街分异现象,以期丰富新制度经济学视角微观实证研究的内容。实地调研发现,制度对高校周边商业街的分异具有重要作用,正式制度对不同主体的约束作用不同,进而形成一系列非正式制度,从而共同维系了商业街的发展。最后,从制度的角度对高校周边商业街的发展提出了建议。     

新型天气雷达发射脉冲包络检测集成系统设计与实现

实现一种新型天气雷达发射脉冲包络检测集成技术,高度集成数控衰减器、包络检波器、A/D转换器和FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)处理器;能快速准确的对发射机脉冲特性进行检测,无需其他仪器和工具辅助,全自动测试,自动生成测试报告并根据测试结果给出检修建议,能够有效解决台站天气雷达对发射脉冲包络传统测试和维护的单一测试仪器功能,有效降低人为测试误差,减少天气雷达故障诊断和日常维护带来的制约和影响,促进天气雷达测试、维护维修保障的标准化和自动化。     

Geographies of U.S. Police Militarization and the Role of the 1033 Program

Concerns about police militarization have become an important public policy issue since the aggressive police response to the 2014 protests in Ferguson, Missouri, where police officers used military-style equipment to confront protestors. This event was a stark visual reminder that many U.S. police departments have used federal programs to acquire surplus military equipment, including weapons, armored vehicles, and body armor. We explore the geographies and histories of one the most important programs, called 1033, which supplies police with military equipment under the rationale of prosecuting the War on Drugs. We show that the legal blurring of the police and the military has been ongoing for decades at the national scale but this has resulted in an uneven landscape of police militarization at the county scale. We also investigate one of the most common global arguments for why police become militarized, which is the presence of Special Weapons and Tactics-style paramilitary teams, finding little support for that claim. More geographic inquiry is needed to understand the trajectories, causes, and consequences of police militarization.     

Exploratory Spatiotemporal Analysis in Risk Communication during the MERS Outbreak in South Korea

The 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak in South Korea gave rise to chaos caused by psychological anxiety, and it has been assumed that people shared rumors about hospital lists through social media. Sharing rumors is a common form of public perception and risk communication among individuals during an outbreak. Social media analysis offers an important window into the spatiotemporal patterns of public perception and risk communication about disease outbreaks. Such processes of socially mediated risk communication are a process of meme diffusion. This article aims to investigate the role of social media meme diffusion and its spatiotemporal patterns in public perception and risk communication. To do so, we applied analytical methods including the daily number of tweets for metropolitan cities and geovisualization with the weighted mean centers. The spatiotemporal patterns shown by Twitter users' interests in specific places, triggered by real space events, demonstrate the spatial interactions among places in public perception and risk communication. Public perception and risk communication about places are relevant to both social networks and spatial proximity to where Twitter users live and are interpreted in reference to both Zipf's law and Tobler's law.     

基于3S 技术的土地执法共同责任考核模型设计及系统实现--以深圳市为例

基于3S技术和土地执法共同责任考核制度,设计满足共同责任考核计算规则的考核模型;结合深圳市规划土地数字监察平台,基于空间分析技术,建立土地执法共同责任考核系统,为实现全过程量化指标的土地执法共同责任考核模式提供更为准确、客观的参考依据及技术支撑。