决策支持系统模型库管理系统的研究

作者在文中通过对稠油开采决策支持系统模型库管理系统的研究,提出并实现了一种决策支持系统模型管理系统建立的模型。并应用到稠油开发采决策支持系统中,取得了较好的应用结果。     

预测油气田产量的广义Weibull, Wengcycle模型

基于对油田产量预测的Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ,Ｗｅｎｇｃｙｃｌｅ模型的研究,提出一个综合模型－广义Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ Ｗｅｎｇｃｙｃｌｅ模型。该模型不但可以预测油气田产量随时间的变化,而且也可预测油气田的可采储量、最高年产量及其发生时间。本文探讨了匠性质,曲线特征,提出了一种新的求解参数的方法－等比级数法,并通过实例验证了此方法的可行性及该模型在油气田产量预测中的可靠性。     

1971—2000年中国陆地植被净初级生产力的模拟

利用植被与大气相互作用模式(AVIM),基于气象台站的观测资料模拟了1971—2000年中国陆地生态系统NPP的变化特征.结果表明:1971—2000年我国陆地植被年均NPP变化范围在0~987.67 gC·m^-2·a^-1,全国平均值为349.74 gC·m^-2·a^-1,30 a呈现出递增的变化趋势.对各类植被NPP的模拟显示,最近30 a我国热带雨林、落叶阔叶林以及有地被层的阔叶林的年均NPP减小,而混交林、常绿针叶林、落叶针叶林、有裸土的灌丛、草地以及作物的年均NPP均为增加趋势.由于采用了先进的农业技术,与自然条件下我国作物的年均NPP变化相比,我国实际的粮食单产在上述时期呈显著的增长,表明了人类活动对于我国陆地植被净初级生产力有着深刻的影响.     

中国北方农牧交错地区农牧业生产模型及应用:Ⅱ.应用

以奈曼旗为例,根据农牧业生产综合模型对农牧业生产的主要方面进行了分析。农牧业生产中,资本对产出的贡献最大,有效劳动和土地生产力次之,表明奈曼旗的生产处于规模报酬递增的增长时期。农牧业生产基本呈指数增长,且1951-1980年增长较缓,1980年以后增长很快。固定资本的增长较为稳定和缓慢,生产费用的增长具有波动性。生产费用与施肥量和沙漠化程度关系显著,当年生产费用与上年产出高度相关,同时由于生产费用对产出增加有很高的贡献,说明农牧交错区的农牧业发展中存在负反馈关系。土地生产潜力利用率反映了农牧业生产与土地生产力之间的关系,该利用率在0~0\^4之间波动,并且1980年以前利用率低且波动小,说明这段时期的农牧业生产整体水平不高,1980年以后利用率高且波动大,资本对产出贡献的比重下降,土地生产潜力的重要性相对增大。     

我国海洋初级生产力研究二十年

回顾和论述了我国学者近 2 0年来在海洋初级生产力观测研究的进展。随着我国资源与环境问题的日益突出 ,初级生产力研究越来越受到重视 ,研究海域也越来越广阔 ,研究的方法不断改进与完善。 2 0年来我国海洋初级生产力研究取得了很大成绩 ,基本搞清了我国海域的状况 ,为生态系结构与功能研究、为渔业资源的合理开发与可持续发展、为海洋环境质量的评价和赤潮的监测与预报等提供了重要科学基础。目前该项研究正在向更广和更深的层次发展 ,并且与特定的研究目标紧密联系 ,有些研究项目已与国际接轨。加强大空间尺度和长时间序列的观测研究及其与相关学科的综合研究 ,和采用现代化的观测手段 ,必将使该领域的研究提到一个更高的水平。     

Application of vertically integrated sampling approach to study of new production via 234Th-238U disequilibria

I~IOWBecause of the imPOrtance of new production in the studies of the structure and function ofmarine eCOSystem and carhan cycleS, one should pay great attention tO the study of new production in biological oceanography, biogeOChendstry, and especially in the study of global change(Plait et al., 1992; Jiao and Wang, 1993; Wang, 1992). With the deepening of the study ofnew production, it has been found that the spatial and temporal distributions of new preductionvary largely in different…     

Living (Stained) Benthic Foraminifera and their Response to the Seasonal Hydrographic Cycle, Periodic Hypoxia and to Primary Production in Havstens Fjord on the Swedish West Coast

Havstens Fjord on the Swedish west coast is a silled fjord that is characterized by strong stratification and stagnant bottom-water with periodically occurring hypoxic (0–2 ml l⁻¹) or anoxic (≤0 ml l⁻¹) conditions. Renewal of Havstens Fjord's deep-water occurs every year, mostly during winter or spring. The aim of this study was to discover how living benthic Foraminifera respond to hydrographic variations, periodic oxygen deficiency and variations in primary production. A long series of monthly hydrographic measurements combined with sediment sampling were performed from August 1993 to December 1994. Sampling was carried out at four different sites along a depth transect (12, 20, 30 and 40 m). Monthly values of chlorophyll a from the water surface down to 15 m were obtained. With increasing water depth, the foraminiferal fauna changed from a low diverse brackish fauna, through a diverse and abundant fauna, to a low diversity and sparse fauna characterized by species tolerant of oxygen depletion. At the deepest site (40 m) Elphidium magellanicum and Stainforthia fusiformis survived five months of anoxic or near anoxic conditions. At 30 m the periodic hypoxic conditions were severe enough to prevent a rich benthic macrofauna establishing, but there was enough oxygen for an abundant and diverse foraminiferal fauna to thrive. Under oxic conditions, freshly sedimented phytoplankton seem to be an important food source for the Foraminifera.