新世纪版《国家普通地图集》的内容策划与结构设计

新世纪版《国家普通地图集》是国家科技基础性工作专项《国家大地图集》系列编研项目之一,它以相对平衡的程度详细表示了水系、地貌、居民地、交通、境界、土质植被等基础地理要素的空间分布。为了适应生态文明建设和新型城镇化发展的要求,增设了地表覆盖图组和城市图组,构建了普通地图集的新型结构模式,本文主要对地图集的编研理论与内容策划、选题原则与顾及因素、结构设计与图幅编排进行了探讨和研究。     

‘Let this forest for ever rest’:* tracking protest and identity in Australia’s forests

ABSTRACT

Exploitation of natural resources has long been a flashpoint for contention in Australia. This is clear in the case of forest management, where groups advocating protection have faced off against state and industry actors. The move towards multifunctionalism that recognises different values in the management of natural resources has led to a search for alternative solutions. In the case of forestry, introduction of Regional Forest Agreements (RFA) in the 1990s sought to devolve responsibility to the States, while striking a balance between economic and environmental considerations. The aim of this paper is to identify how forest activism has developed since the RFA process began and its significance in relation to changes in land use. The paper draws on a protest event catalogue of forest-related events over the 1997–2017 period to identify the intensity, tactics and location of such actions. The findings suggest that state action has reduced the intensity of contention, in line with changes in resource management practices. However, they also point to the importance of identity and its link to the social construction of resources in determining the ability of actors to de-escalate and find solutions.     

Acquisition of industrial enterprises and its relations with regional identity: The case of the beer industry in Central Europe

ABSTRACT

The development of globalisation has ushered in fundamental changes that have led to a break in the relationship between places of production and places of consumption, and sometimes a rejection of global products and corporations at the local level in accordance with neolocalism. The objective of the article is to examine the effect of regional identity on the local impacts of global processes by applying a multilevel analysis of the brewing industry, in which consumers are very sensitive to changes in the beer offered and can influence it, for example by putting pressure on representatives of restaurants. Beginning with extensive research on the international level, the authors point out the various impacts of brewery acquisitions in three Central European countries – Czechia, Poland and Slovakia – that differ regarding the role of beer in the identity of their inhabitants. Thereafter, they focus on two Czech beer brands, the production of which was relocated to other regions after acquisitions. Based on field studies in the regions of the brands’ original production, the authors find that both brands lost popularity among their original customers. They conclude that for Czech customers, the place of production may be an important factor when choosing a beer brand.     

国家统一的地理学解释——以东西德统一为例

国家的统一问题一直是关乎区域稳定发展、民族复兴乃至世界和平的大事,然而在地理学领域系统讨论该命题的研究尚不多见。事实上,地理学拥有比政治学和法学更为综合的理论分析体系,尤其是随着政治地理学的快速崛起,从地理学视角解析国家统一的发生机理和影响机制已经日渐成熟。本文从国家主权学说、地缘政治学、后殖民主义、新帝国主义等理论出发,试图构建“国家统一地理学”的分析框架,将国家统一分解为地缘政治重构、经济一体化和文化认同重建3个不同的阶段;并通过东西德国统一的案例分析,深入诠释了德国统一过程中政治版图和地缘格局变化,德国统一后漫长的经济一体化和原西德资本主义的野蛮扩张,以及由于长时间受到不同文化帝国主义渗透带来的民族身份认同分歧问题。德国案例很好地展示了从地理学视角探讨国家统一问题的优越性,同时德国的案例分析可为其他国家的统一问题提供参考与借鉴。     

“行政区划本身也是一种重要资源”的理论创新与应用

行政区划是国家治理体系和组织结构的基本形式,也是中央政府统治和管理全国各地的有效手段,是事关国家政治、经济和社会发展全局的重大战略问题。就“行政区划本身也是一种重要资源”的论断进行多视角的分析,提出“行政区划资源论”这一全新的理论解读。分别从空间、权力、行政和政策角度探讨行政区划的资源属性,并从行政资源的空间配置、生产要素的优化配置、权力资源的空间整合、空间资源的优化重组和政策资源的空间载体等多个角度剖析行政区划的资源效应,最后提出应当将“行政区划资源论”这一新论断积极应用至主体功能区规划、空间规划、空间治理体系建设等实践领域,完善目前行政区划设置和调整的思路与要求,建立健全与国家发展战略及综合配套改革相适应的行政区划体系和管理框架。     

Bathymetry,substrate and fishing areas of Southeast Atlantic high-seas seamounts

Most of the Southeast Atlantic Ocean is abyssal, and global bathymetries suggest that only ～3.2% of the areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ; also known as the high seas, as defined in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea [UNCLOS]) are shallower than 2 500 m. This study mapped bathymetry and characterised substrates in selected seamount summit areas, including several that have been or may become fishing areas. The southernmost location, the Schmitt-Ott Seamount, has exposed volcanic bedrock with surrounding flats covered by thin biogenic sediments and/or coral rubble that appears ancient. At Wüst, Vema, Valdivia and Ewing seamounts the basaltic base appears to be overlain by coral caps and other coral substrates (sheets, rubble). Adjacent summit plains have biogenic sediments of varying thickness. Vema has a flat, roughly circular summit, <100 m deep, with the shallowest point being a 22-m-deep summit knoll; the upper slopes have ancient coral framework, but the summit has a mixture of coralline and volcanic rock and coarse sediments, including extensive areas with coralline algae and kelp forests. Valdivia Bank is a 230-m-deep, flat, rocky area (～11 × 5 km), protruding steeply from the extensive multi-summit Valdivia subarea of the Walvis Ridge. The distribution of past fisheries in the Convention Area of the South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO) was considered in relation to the new information on bathymetry and substrate.     

基于Sentinel-1和D-InSAR的地表沉降地理国情监测技术研究

为推进合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量(D-InSAR,Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar)技术在地表沉降地理国情监测中的应用,本文利用D-InSAR技术,以某矿区为研究对象,基于5景哨兵-1卫星(Sentinel-1)雷达影像,采用SARscape与Arc GIS软件相结合处理的方式得到了精准的成果数据,并结合实地水准观测结果对D-InSAR地表沉降监测的精度进行了对比分析。结果表明:利用D-InSAR技术进行地表沉降地理国情监测,具有较高的测量精度,且该技术具有大尺度连续覆盖能力、受天气干扰小、低成本等特点,在地理国情监测等相关领域有非常好的应用前景。     

地理国情普查数据预处理软件主体功能设计

为满足地理国情普查数据库建设技术设计要求,全国各省市普查数据成果都需要进行全面的入库前预处理。处理过程烦琐,若采用人工方式,工作效率低下且数据质量难以保证。本文依托丰富的实际生产经验,在进一步筛选和不断总结的基础上,对地理国情普查数据预处理软件进行了主体功能设计。     

基于对等网络技术的气象数据共享服务应用

气象数据共享业务广泛采用了单一资料源向各个目标节点分发的方式,针对这种共享业务的特点,设计并实现了一种基于对等网络技术的气象数据共享应用,提供资料源的共享发布以及节点间的共享访问功能。该应用通过搭建的仿真平台模拟实际业务应用,验证了在全国气象宽带网络上实现共享传输的可行性。在随后的小范围业务试验中进一步证明了该应用能够在特定的业务场景中不增加中心节点资源消耗而提升数据共享的传输效率。     

2000国家重力基本网与1985国家重力基本网的转换关系研究

分析了2000国家重力基本网与1985国家重力基本网重力点的重合情况,详细讨论了确定两网关系的方法:间接平差法、常数转换法和多项式拟合转换法,并给出了两网的关系结果。