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91.
During the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake, many sand boiling phenomena were observed in central Taiwan, which caused severe ground settlement and structure damages. According to the installed accelerograms, the peak ground surface horizontal accelerations in the liquefaction-affected areas range from 774.42 to 121.3 gal. The writers carried out an extensive investigation of soil liquefaction in this earthquake. In this paper, we present results of the CPT exploration and post-earthquake liquefaction analysis. Two hundred and seventy five (275) cone penetration test data were collected from the liquefaction-affected areas, and 46 liquefaction case histories and 88 non-liquefaction case histories were derived that can be used to evaluate the accuracy of existing liquefaction evaluation models. In addition, the strength of the liquefied soils after earthquake and the implication of its liquefaction potential in the future event are discussed. 相似文献
92.
In order to understand the structure of fish assemblages in the modified Lima basin (Northern Portugal), two distinct datasets concerning the presence and abundance of fish species were subjected to multivariate analysis. On the River Lima two types of flow modification are present within kilometres of one another: (a) a reduced and constant flow due to hypolimnetic release; and (b) an intense and irregular flow. A comparison of their influence on fish assemblages revealed a gradient of assemblage types from tributaries to main river sites. The latter were characterised by a strong dominance of cyprinids, particularly Iberian barbel (Barbus bocagei). The former harboured two kinds of fish assemblages: those closer to the river mouth were dominated by the cyprinids Iberian chub (Squalius carolitertii) and Iberian nase (Chondrostoma polylepis), which were also frequently present in the main river; while in those further upstream the predominant species was the brown trout (Salmo trutta). Although explanatory variables such as distance from source, altitude, substrate coarseness and width were the primary correlates of fish assemblage composition, dam construction and flow regulation also had a significant effect upon assemblage structure, particularly by: i) reducing the importance of migratory species; ii) constraining the presence of trout in the regulated segments; and iii) simplifying the community, especially in the case of the constant and reduced flow regime. 相似文献
93.
Two models are tested on a shake‐table. One of the models is a normal reinforced concrete megaframe structure and the other is a multifunctional vibration‐absorption reinforced concrete megaframe structure in which the laminated rubber bearings are placed between the major frame and the minor frames. Two earthquake motions (the El Centro wave and the Taft wave) are used during the test. This paper presents the dynamic characteristic, the seismic responses and the failure mechanism of these two models under varying peak acceleration levels for each of the earthquake motions. The test results demonstrate that the aseismic behavior of a multifunctional vibration‐absorption reinforced concrete megaframe structure is much better than that of a normal reinforced concrete megaframe structure. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
94.
The dynamic behaviour of two curved cable‐stayed bridges, recently constructed in northern Italy, has been investigated by full‐scale testing and theoretical models. Two different excitation techniques were employed in the dynamic tests: traffic‐induced ambient vibrations and free vibrations. Since the modal behaviour identified from the two types of test are very well correlated and a greater number of normal modes was detected during ambient vibration tests, the validity of the ambient vibration survey is assessed in view of future monitoring. For both bridges, 11 vibration modes were identified in the frequency range of 0ndash;10Hz, being a one‐to‐one correspondence between the observed modes of the two bridges. Successively, the information obtained from the field tests was used to validate and improve 3D finite elements so that the dynamic performance of the two systems were assessed and compared based on both the experimental results and the updated theoretical models. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
95.
Seismic tests have been conducted on two 3‐storey structures protected with pressurized fluid‐viscous spring damper devices. One of the structures was a reinforced concrete frame with clay elements in the slabs, while the other one was a steel frame with steel/concrete composite slabs. The spring dampers were installed through K bracing in between the floors. The tests were performed by means of the pseudodynamic method, which allowed the use of large and full‐size specimens, and by implementing a specific compensation strategy for the strain‐rate effect at the devices. The test results allowed the verification of the adequacy of the attachment system as well as the comparison of the behaviour of the unprotected buildings with several protected configurations, showing the benefits of the application of the devices and the characteristics of their performance. The response of the protected structures was always safer than that of the unprotected ones mainly due to a significant increase of equivalent damping. The increase in the damping ratio depends on the level of deformation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
96.
简单介绍了WT-1型雾探测器的结构和现场试验情况,对试验期间(2001年12月1日至2002年5月31日)所获取的数据进行了统计分析,计算了试验期间雾探测器数据的缺测率、与人工观测数据及芬兰同类产品的测量结果之间的相关系数,三者之间的相符率,以及数据随时间的变化趋势。以数据处理结果为依据,客观地阐述了雾探测器的优缺点,以及与目前世界上普遍认可的芬兰能见度仪之间的差距,同时也提出了雾探测器改进的一些建议。 相似文献
97.
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99.
本文以动三轴试验和原位测试数据为基础,以天津地区砂性土为例,探讨砂性土振动液化机理及孔隙水压力变化规律,采用多种方法分析判别砂性土液化,为高烈度地区重要工程建筑抗震设计提供重要数据。 相似文献
100.
Several theoretical, empirical and semi-empirical methods are available in the literature to predict settlement of drilled
shafts in sandy soils. In the Arabian Gulf countries, specifically in the United Arab Emirates, equations and procedure from
the rest of the world are being used in analysis and design of drilled shafts without proper validation. It is the aim of
this study to assess the applicability and evaluate the accuracy of two well known, and commonly used methods for pile prediction
in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), namely Vesic (1977) and Poulos (1979), via comparison with data from field pile load tests
conducted on shafts drilled in the region. Some of these tests were conducted for the purpose of this study, while others
were made available through the courtesy of International Piling Contractors who are active in the region (e.g. Bauer International
and Swiss Borings). Pile load test data were analyzed to back-calculate the model parameters related to settlement under different
loading stages. Geological data and soil properties were obtained from studies conducted at the relevant sites. An effort
is made to correlate soil properties with the prediction models. Statistical analysis is conducted to assess the accuracy
of the results obtained from the two methods at different stages of loading via those obtained from pile load tests. Moreover,
a detailed parametric study is conducted to assess the effect of the related parameters on the predicted pile settlement and
the estimated settlement at different stages of loading. The study concluded with a recommendation of the most appropriate
models and procedures to be followed for predicting the settlement of drilled shafts in the UAE, together with useful charts
and correlation relations. Results showed that settlement values predicted by Vesic (1977) and Poulos (1979) overestimates
the true values.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献