中国高新技术企业分布影响因素的空间异质性与尺度效应

影响高新技术企业分布的因素往往具有空间非平稳性,然而既有研究对其关注尚少。基于2017—2019年间认定的215791家高新技术企业数据,运用多尺度地理加权回归模型（MGWR）,刻画了中国高新技术企业的空间分布格局,识别了其影响因素的空间异质性与尺度效应,结果表明：① 2019年中国高新技术企业的空间分布呈现出在以“北上广深”为首位中心,以成渝与区域性中心城市为次位中心的高度集聚特征。② 企业内部因素、城市知识创造水平、技术创新水平、创新环境水平和外部连通水平共同影响了高新技术企业的空间分布。③ 影响高新技术企业分布的因素存在空间异质性,公司年龄、高校学生数量、互联网的影响呈现出“东-西”向空间分异格局,专利申请数、高新区、生活设施的正向影响呈现出“南-北”向空间分异格局,高铁的正向影响呈现出“东南-西北”向空间分异格局,研发费用投入对东北地区影响最大,市场化水平对京津冀和珠三角城市群地区影响最大。④ 影响因素存在尺度效应,靠近创新末端的变量具有更大的作用空间尺度。最后,本研究提出相关的政策建议,以期为高新技术产业的发展提供借鉴与参考。     

Modelling crack propagation in concrete structures with a two scale approach

A simplified computational technique based on a refined global–local method is applied to the failure analysis of concrete structures. The technique distinguishes the scale of the structure, modelled with large size finite elements, from the scale at which material non‐linearity occurs due to progressive cracking and macro‐crack propagation. The finite element solution is split into two parts: a linear elastic analysis on a coarse mesh over the entire structure and a non‐linear analysis over a small part of the structure where a dense finite element grid is employed. In the non‐linear calculation, a non‐local damage model is implemented. These two computations are coupled with the help of an iterative scheme. The size and location of the region where a non‐linear analysis is performed, is adapted to follow the development of the damage zone. Numerical examples of mode I fracture of concrete specimens with straight and curved cracks are presented. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Patterns of Multiscale Temperature Variability over the Eastern and Central Tibetan Plateau During 1960-2008

Climate variability is an important inherent characteristic of climate and it varies on all timescales. Through examination of temperature variability on multiple temporal scales at 63 stations over the eastern and central Tibetan Plateau （TP） during 1960-2008, we find decreasing trends in daily and intraannual temperature, especially in cold seasons （autumn and winter）. These changes are more sensitive than those in the eastern China coastal region at the same latitude and indicate an asymmetric change of temperature, with hourly, daily, and monthly trends in cold periods stronger than those in warm periods during the recent years. The variation of interannual temperature is complex, showing an increasing trend in autumn and winter and decreasing trend in spring and summer, which is similar to those in the northern polar region. The changes of multiscale variability of temperature are mainly related to changes of atmospheric water vapor, cloudiness, anthropogenic aerosols, monsoon-driven climate, and some local factors. To find the influences of local conditions on temperature variability, we analyze the effects of altitude, topography, and urbanization. The results show that elevation is strongly and positively related to diurnal temperature range （DTR） and slightly positively related to interannual temperature variability （IVT）, but intraannual temperature variability shows no clear elevation dependency. Topography and urbanization also play important roles in multiscale temperature variability. Finally, strong relationships are observed between temperature variability on each scale and different extreme indices.     

Statistical Modeling with a Hidden Markov Tree and High-resolution Interpolation for Spaceborne Radar Reflectivity in the Wavelet Domain

With the increasing availability of precipitation radar data from space, enhancement of the resolution of spaceborne precipitation observations is important, particularly for hazard prediction and climate modeling at local scales relevant to extreme precipitation intensities and gradients. In this paper, the statistical characteristics of radar precipitation reflectivity data are studied and modeled using a hidden Markov tree (HMT) in the wavelet domain. Then, a high-resolution interpolation algorithm is proposed for spaceborne radar reflectivity using the HMT model as prior information. Owing to the small and transient storm elements embedded in the larger and slowly varying elements, the radar precipitation data exhibit distinct multiscale statistical properties, including a non-Gaussian structure and scale-to-scale dependency. An HMT model can capture well the statistical properties of radar precipitation, where the wavelet coefficients in each sub-band are characterized as a Gaussian mixture model (GMM), and the wavelet coefficients from the coarse scale to fine scale are described using a multiscale Markov process. The state probabilities of the GMM are determined using the expectation maximization method, and other parameters, for instance, the variance decay parameters in the HMT model are learned and estimated from high-resolution ground radar reflectivity images. Using the prior model, the wavelet coefficients at finer scales are estimated using local Wiener filtering. The interpolation algorithm is validated using data from the precipitation radar onboard the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission satellite, and the reconstructed results are found to be able to enhance the spatial resolution while optimally reproducing the local extremes and gradients.     

总磁异常△T与油气田火山岩展布研究

东海某油气田研究区分布有火山岩。鉴于火山岩具有磁性这一特征,基于总磁异常△T成果,采用总磁异常△T变倾角化极技术、小波多尺度分解技术,研究了火山岩在该区的展布与厚度。研究结果表明,具备必需的物性、磁性体分布规模等条件,在油气田开发中采用磁测成果研究磁性体展布是可行的。     

Stochastic computational modelling of highly heterogeneous poroelastic media with long‐range correlations

The compaction of highly heterogeneous poroelastic reservoirs with the geology characterized by long‐range correlations displaying fractal character is investigated within the framework of the stochastic computational modelling. The influence of reservoir heterogeneity upon the magnitude of the stresses induced in the porous matrix during fluid withdrawal and rock consolidation is analysed by performing ensemble averages over realizations of a log‐normally distributed stationary random hydraulic conductivity field. Considering the statistical distribution of this parameter characterized by a coefficient of variation governing the magnitude of heterogeneity and a correlation function which decays with a power‐law scaling behaviour we show that the combination of these two effects result in an increase in the magnitude of effective stresses of the rock during reservoir depletion. Further, within the framework of a perturbation analysis we show that the randomness in the hydraulic conductivity gives rise to non‐linear corrections in the upscaled poroelastic equations. These corrections are illustrated by a self‐consistent recursive hierarchy of solutions of the stochastic poroelastic equations parametrized by a scale parameter representing the fluctuating log‐conductivity standard deviation. A classical example of land subsidence caused by fluid extraction of a weak reservoir is numerically simulated by performing Monte Carlo simulations in conjunction with finite elements discretizations of the poroelastic equations associated with an ensemble of geologies. Numerical results illustrate the effects of the spatial variability and fractal character of the permeability distribution upon the evolution of the Mohr–Coulomb function of the rock. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A note on variational multiscale methods for high-contrast heterogeneous porous media flows with rough source terms

In this short note, we discuss variational multiscale methods for solving porous media flows in high-contrast heterogeneous media with rough source terms. Our objective is to separate, as much as possible, subgrid effects induced by the media properties from those due to heterogeneous source terms. For this reason, enriched coarse spaces designed for high-contrast multiscale problems are used to represent the effects of heterogeneities of the media. Furthermore, rough source terms are captured via auxiliary correction equations that appear in the formulation of variational multiscale methods [23]. These auxiliary equations are localized and one can use additive or multiplicative constructions for the subgrid corrections as discussed in the current paper. Our preliminary numerical results show that one can capture the effects due to both spatial heterogeneities in the coefficients (such as permeability field) and source terms (e.g., due to singular well terms) in one iteration. We test the cases for both smooth source terms and rough source terms and show that with the multiplicative correction, the numerical approximations are more accurate compared to the additive correction.     

ʱ���������д�����ֱ�ֲ��ӳ�У���о�

????????????????InSAR?????????????????????????α?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????α???????????Щ???????????????????????α?????????????α???λ??????????????????Las Vegas??????о????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Ч??????????????е??????????????     

Spatial heterogeneity and scale effect of factors influencing cultural and entertainment experience: A case study of bars in Xi’an City北大核心CSCD

随着社会经济转型发展,文娱体验逐渐成为衡量城市居民生活质量和实际需求的重要指标。科学认知文娱体验影响因素的空间异质性和尺度效应,是提高消费者文娱体验质量和促进文化娱乐业优化布局的迫切需求。论文基于美团评论数据和POI(point of interest)数据,以西安市酒吧为例,将体验分为物理体验和情感体验,运用多尺度地理加权回归模型(multiscale geographically weighted regression,MGWR)探究不同尺度上文娱体验影响因素的空间异质性和尺度效应。结果表明：(1)西安市高体验水平的酒吧主要分布在莲湖区和碑林区;雁塔区的酒吧分布数量多,但其体验水平较低。(2)商户属性、交通条件、商业环境和区位优势共同影响文娱体验的空间分布,但在不同尺度上,其影响强度和作用范围具有差异性。(3)市域尺度上,消费单价对城市北部地区物理体验和情感体验的负向影响最显著;格网尺度上,店铺评分、评论人数和到酒店的距离对城市西南地区物理体验和情感体验的正向影响最强。(4)文娱体验的影响因素存在尺度效应,评论人数、到商业区的距离以及到城市中心的距离对体验的作用尺度较小。研究结果可为城市文化娱乐业空间布局优化和消费者决策提供参考。     

一种基于RGB特征提取的电子地图载负量计算方法

电子地图以灵活多变的显示形式,可以在不同比例尺下显示与地理环境有关的各种信息,且在一定限度内可进行无级显示.然而,在电子地图缩放过程中如果不对屏幕载负量加以控制,往往容易造成各要素互相挤压,但如果只是对屏幕载负量简单限制又满足不了用户多尺度的需求.因此,为了提高地图信息传输的有效性及可控性,文中提出基于RGB特征提取电子地图载负量的新的计算方法,并进行相关实验分析.