Assessment of a field incubation method estimating primary productivity in rockpool communities

An open incubation method has been used in many studies to directly estimate primary productivity and ecosystem functioning by measuring photosynthetic and respiratory rates in intertidal rockpool communities. The method measures changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations recorded in situ during an artificial dark period (respiration) and a natural light period (net primary productivity). Although this method has yielded interesting results, its advantages and limitations have yet to be thoroughly tested. The accuracy of the method was investigated in a controlled laboratory environment and compared with field incubations. Atmospheric oxygen diffusion across the air–water interface did not affect incubation measurements under low wind speed (<2 m s⁻¹). Temperature increases during incubations were not greater than in natural rockpools and did not affect primary productivity. The major problem was the oxygen supersaturation which inhibited photosynthesis, thus leading to an underestimation of primary production. To allow comparable measurements, net primary productivity needs to be recorded during the linear phase of the photosynthetic process (<30 min of light) before water reaches supersaturation (<160%). This method gives rapid and reliable estimates of primary productivity thereby allowing biodiversity and ecosystem functioning relationships to be tested using rockpools as natural mesocosms.     

Functional zoning in national parks under multifactor trade-off guidance: A case study of Qinghai Lake National Park in China

Functional zoning is an important mechanism for achieving national park planning and management objective. Better functional zoning is of great significance to the protection of ecosystem legitimacy and integrity, the appropriate utilization of resources, community integration, and feasible management. In the present study, the proposed Qinghai Lake National Park is the research object. Based on the critical goal of ecological protection, the importance of ecosystem service functions and the eco...     

基于地震与非地震联合约束下复杂冲断带构造建模:以西昆仑山前柯东构造带为例

柯东构造带是揭示西昆仑山前冲断带变形过程的关键区之一,也是当前油气勘探重要的目标区。由于该区构造变形 强、地层速度变化快以及地表条件复杂等因素,导致当前勘探面临着地震勘探资料品质差,构造建模多解性强等问题。文 章利用R型因子降维分析方法,通过对柯东构造带甫沙地区的重、磁、电反演成果进行降维分析,结果表明甫沙地区深部 发育断块构造,不存在地震剖面上显示的背斜构造;同时联合地震资料的综合解释,认为现今的甫沙地区发育的断块构造 是早期的完整背斜受早更新世山前右旋走滑断裂改造的结果。在柯东构造带的综合建模实践表明,通过地震与非地震方法 的联合约束可以为认识复杂冲断带的构造变形提供有效的手段。     

江汉盆地马王庙地区古近系新沟嘴组下段沉积相及其演化

通过对岩石学特征、沉积构造、沉积层序和测井相等的综合分析表明,江汉盆地马王庙地区古近 系新沟嘴组下段发育三角洲-湖泊沉积体系,包括三角洲平原、三角洲前缘、前三角洲、滨浅湖和膏盐湖等亚 相类型。在沉积相类型识别的基础上,根据单因素分析多因素综合作图法,编制了马王庙地区新沟嘴组下段各 油组地层等厚图、砂岩等厚图、砂地比等值线图和典型单井优势相投影图等单因素图件。综合分析各单因素图, 绘制了马王庙地区新沟嘴组下段Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ共３个油组的沉积相图,并探讨了其沉积相平面展布特征和演化规 律：古近纪新沟嘴组下段沉积时期,研究区的物源来自北东和北西方向,并分别向南西和南东方向展布,依次 发育三角洲平原-三角洲前缘-前三角洲亚相,其中以三角洲前缘的水下分流河道和席状砂微相最为发育;两 支三角洲砂体周围为滨浅湖沉积。自Ⅲ油组到Ⅱ、Ⅰ油组沉积时期,研究区水体经历了由浅变深再变浅的过程; Ⅲ油组和Ⅱ油组沉积时期,三角洲砂体分布面积广,储集层发育较好。     

煤层采动顶板水文地质参数演化与矿井涌水量动态计算方法

矿井工作面涌水量预测对确保矿山安全、优化资源配置、提高工作效率等都具有重要作用。为提高预测结果的准确性和稳定性,基于钻孔水位和微震能量数据与涌水量的强关联性,选择其作为多因素特征变量,提出SSA-CG-Attention多因素矿井工作面涌水量预测模型。该模型在门控循环单元(Gated Recurrent Unit,GRU)提取时序特征的基础上,与卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)融合形成新的网络结构提取数据的有效非线性局部特征,并且加入注意力机制(Attention),在预测过程中将注意力集中在输入元素上,提高模型的准确性。最后通过麻雀搜索算法(Sparrow Search Algorithm,SSA)优化模型参数,避免局部最优解的问题。将提出的模型分别与传统的BP神经网络、LSTM、GRU单因素涌水量预测模型以及MLP、SLP、SVR、LSTM、GRU、SSA-LSTM、SSA-GRU多因素涌水量预测模型的预测结果进行对比分析,结果表明：SSA算法以最少迭代次数快速寻优,避免了局部最优解的缺陷;SSA-CG-Attention多因素涌水量预测模型整体预测指标绝对误差(E_MA)、均方根误差(E_RMS)以及平均绝对百分比误差(E_MAP)分别为5.24 m³/h、7.25 m³/h、6%,指标方差和为8.90。相较于其他预测模型预测精度更高,相较于单因素涌水量预测模型,多因素涌水量预测模型预测结果更加稳定。研究结果为矿井工作面涌水量预测提供了新的思路与方法,对矿井工作面涌水量预测及防控有着借鉴与指导作用,具有一定的理论价值和现实意义。

     

Application of biotic indices and relationship with structural and functional features of macrobenthic community in the lagoon of Venice: an example over a long time series of data

In the context of the application of WFD, a scientific debate is growing about the applicability of biotic indices in coastal and transitional waters. In the present work, the question about the discriminating power of different biotic indices and the relationships with the structure and functioning of the macrobenthic community in a transitional environment is discussed. A time series of samples collected during the last 70 years in the lagoon of Venice, reflecting different environmental conditions (a sort of 'pristine state' in 1935, the distrophic crisis in 1988 and subsequent modifications in 1990, the invasion by an alien species and the developing of high impacting fishery in 1999) has been used. The comparison of results obtained by applying different biotic indices, such as AMBI, Bentix and BOPA, shows differences in the discriminating power of indices and a general overestimation of environmental conditions. Discrepancies between environmental status as indicated by biotic indices and the structure and functioning of the benthic community have been highlighted.     

塔里木地区奥陶纪岩相古地理

本文是《塔里木地区寒武纪岩相古地理》一文的延续。塔里木地区是以当今的塔里木盆地为主体并包括其周边山地的广大地区,北至中天山,南至西昆仑山,西至我国国界,东至阿尔金山,面积逾100万km2 。在98个露头剖面和钻井剖面的各种单因素定量及定性资料的基础上,采用单因素分析多因素综合作图法,编制出了塔里木地区奥陶系下奥陶统两河口阶和红花园阶、中奥陶统大湾阶和牯牛潭阶、上奥陶统庙坡阶、上奥陶统宝塔阶、上奥陶统临湘阶和五峰阶5个作图单位的各种单因素图,并在此基础上编制出了相应的5个地质时期的岩相古地理图。这些岩相古地理图的最主要特征是定量,即每个古地理单元的划分和确定都有确切的定量资料及定量单因素图为依据。这种定量的岩相古地理图在塔里木地区还是首次出现。在早奥陶世两河口期和红花园期,塔里木地区主要是碳酸盐台地,其中散布着各种滩。其北部为南天山盆地,东部为塔东盆地,南部为西昆仑台地,其东侧为东昆仑台地和柴达木台地。无陆地和云坪,盆地面积相当大。这与该地区寒武纪的岩相古地理格局大不相同。这表明早奥陶世的海进比寒武纪的更甚了。中奥陶世大湾期和牯牛潭期的岩相古地理面貌与两河口期和红花园期的相似,但南天山盆地西部扩大了,从而形成了柯坪盆地。这是一个重要变化。庙坡期的古地理面貌与大湾期和牯牛潭期的相似,但滩少了,这标志着海进又发展了且可能到达了盛期。至宝塔期,在塔里木台地的东南部,碎屑岩发育,这是塔里木碳酸盐台地向碎屑岩台地变化的预兆,是海退的标志。到晚奥陶世的临湘期和五峰期,塔里木台地基本上变成了1个碎屑岩台地。这是一个重大变化。这标志着塔里木地区寒武纪和奥陶纪海进海退旋回的终结。     

论青岛由海洋科技城向海洋科技产业城转变的运行机制

围绕海洋科学城向海洋科技产业城转变这一命题，阐述了海洋产业城的内涵、实质和建设海洋产业城的理论基础；指出了在实现海洋科技城向海洋产业城的转变运行过程中存在的问题，提出了建设海洋科技产业城，加快海洋科技产业化步伐的对策。     

Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Cambrian in Tarim area

The Tarim area in this paper refers to the present Tarim Basin and its surrounding mountains, bounded on the north by the Middle Tianshan Mountains, on the south by the Kunlun Mountains, on the west by the national boundary of China, and on the east by the Altun Mountains. It covers an area of more than 1 000 000 km². Based on the quantitative and qualitative data from the stratigraphy and petrology of outcrop and well sections, and according to the single factor analysis and multifactor comprehensive mapping method, the single factor maps of the Lower, Middle and Upper Cambrian, and the lithofacies palaeogeography maps of the Early, Middle and Late Cambrian of the Tarim area, are compiled. The most important character of these lithofacies palaeogeography maps is quantification, i.e. the determination of each palaeogeography unit based on accurate quantitative data and the quantitative single factor maps. The study marks the first time that this quantitative method has been applied in the Tarim area. In the Early Cambrian, the present Tarim Basin was mainly a carbonate platform, in which there were penebank, dolostone flats, and gypsum-halite lake. The South Tianshan Basin and East Tarim Basin were siliceous rock-limestone-mudstone basins. The Kunlun Platform was situated in the south, where there were two small lands. The Altun Land was situated in the southeast. In the Middle and Late Cambrian, the framework of lithofacies palaeogeography was similar to that in the Early Cambrian; the land area was gradually reduced; the basin area was enlarged; while the Tarim Carbonate Platform changed little. The transgression continued from the Early Cambrian to the Late Cambrian. Translated from Journal of Palaeogeography, 2006, 8(4): 427–439 [译自: 古地理学报]