黏性土坡地震失稳机制及其在黄土斜坡地震稳定性分析中的应用

基于地震作用下黏性土坡失稳滑动特点,以土体应力状态及其变化分析边坡失稳过程。通过分析地震作用下边坡不同部位土体应力状态和剪应力变化,结合实际地震边坡失稳破坏特征,提出黏性土坡地震三段式滑动失稳机制。在分析该滑动失稳机制与有限元强度折减法之间应力关联的基础上,将两者结合应用于实际黄土地震滑坡动力稳定性分析。依据此考虑得到的动力安全系数相比较其他方法,与极限平衡法得到的结果更为接近。     

天津北大港构造带东翼断裂活动浅析

构造因素对油气的分布起着控制性的作用,断裂活动特征决定着一个盆地或凹陷油气的富集与分布.本文通过对北大港构造带东翼所有断裂的仔细研究,统计分析了区内20条规模较大断裂的断距在纵横向上的变化,结合20余条地震剖面和8条构造发育史剖面,综合分析认为北大港构造带东翼的断裂活动主要为:古近纪活动期和新构造期(0.78 Ma至今...     

Experimental Investigation of Eclogite Rheology and Its Fabrics at High Temperature and Pressure

Eclogite plays an important role in mantle convection and geodynamics in subduction zones. An improved understanding of processes in the deeper levels of subduction zones and collision belts requires information on eclogite rheology. However, the deformation processes and associated fabrics in eclogite are not well understood. Incompatible views of deformation mechanism have been proposed for both garnet and omphacite. We present here deformation behaviour of eclogite at temperatures of 1027–1427 °C, confining pressures of 2.5–3.5 GPa, and strain rates of 1 × 10^?5 s^?1 to 5 × 10^?4 s^?1. We obtained a power‐law creep for the high temperature and pressure deformation of a ‘dry’ eclogite (50 vol.% garnet, 40% omphacite and 10% quartz) with A = 10^{3.3 ± 1.0}, n = 3.5 ± 0.4, ΔE =403 ± 30 KJ mol^?1 and ΔV = 27.2 cm³ mol^?1. The two principal minerals of eclogite have greatly different strengths. Progressive increase of garnet results in a smooth increase in strength. Analysis by electron back‐scattered diffraction shows that: (1) garnet displays pole figures with near random distributions of misorientation angle under both dry and wet conditions; (2) omphacite shows pronounced lattice preferred orientations (LPOs), suggesting a dominant dislocation creep mechanism. Further investigation into the water effects on eclogite show: (3) water content does not influence the style of omphacite fabric but increases slightly the fabric strength; (4) grain boundary processes dominate the deformation of garnet under high water fugacity or high shear‐strain conditions, yielding a random LPO similar to that of non‐deforming garnet, despite the strong shape preferred orientation (SPO) observed. {110} [001] slip may dominate the deformation of rutile. Quartz displays complicated and inconsistent LPOs in eclogite. These results are remarkably similar to observations from deformed eclogites in nature.     

Stress Sharing Behavior and Its Mechanism during Consolidation Process in Composite Ground Improved by Sand Compaction Piles with Low Replacement Area Ratio

In order to accurately design a sand compaction pile (SCP) with low replacement area ratio, it is important to understand the mechanical interaction between the sand pile and clay ground and its mechanism during consolidation process in composite ground. In this article, therefore, a series of numerical analyses on composite ground improved by SCP with low replacement area ratio were carried out. The applicability of numerical analyses, in which an elasto-viscoplastic consolidation finite element method was applied, were confirmed by comparing the results obtained from a series of laboratory model tests with the composite ground improved by SCP. Through the results of the numerical analyses, mechanical behavior of the sand pile and clay in composite ground during consolidation is elucidated, together with a stress sharing mechanism between sand pile and clay.     

Deformation structures associated with the Trachyte Mesa intrusion,Henry Mountains,Utah: Implications for sill and laccolith emplacement mechanisms

Deformation structures in the wall rocks of igneous intrusions emplaced at shallow crustal depths preserve an important record of how space was created for magma in the host rocks. Trachyte Mesa, a small Oligocene age intrusion in the Henry Mountains, Utah, is composed of a series of stacked tabular, sheet-like intrusions emplaced at 3–3.5 km depth into sandstone-dominated sedimentary sequences of late Palaeozoic–Mesozoic age. New structural analysis of the spatial distribution, geometry, kinematics and relative timings of deformation structures in the host rocks of the intrusion has enabled the recognition of distinct pre-, syn-, and late-stage-emplacement deformation phases. Our observations suggest a two-stage growth mechanism for individual sheets where radial growth of a thin sheet was followed by vertical inflation. Dip-slip faults formed during vertical inflation; they are restricted to the tips of individual sheets due to strain localisation, with magma preferentially exploiting these faults, initiating sill (sheet) climbing. The order in which sheets are stacked impacts on the intrusion geometry and associated deformation of wall rocks. Our results offer new insights into the incremental intrusion geometries of shallow-level magmatic bodies and the potential impact of their emplacement on surrounding host rocks.     

中俄蒙跨边界次区域矿产资源合作开发机制与模式研究

本文以区域经济地理学为理论基础．采用实证分析的方法．结合东北经济区现实发展条件,通过分析中俄蒙三国毗邻地区矿产资源合作的区位条件、贸易条件、资源互补条件及开发现状,探讨区域合作深入发展的制约机制与优化机制,并结合实证研究总结出政府主导型、大型国有企业合作型和民营企业境外拓展型三种中俄蒙跨边界矿产资源合作开发模式。     

面向全域全要素的广州市国土空间规划传导体系研究

建立科学清晰的传导体系是保障规划治理效力的重要前提。随着全国各层级国土空间规划编制与改革的推进,空间规划体系雏形初显,明确各级、各类规划编制内容、管理权限和传导路径,已成为各级政府十分关切的问题。文章基于广州国土空间规划试点的编制实践,针对原有规划体系中指标分解难、控制线管控标准不一、用地管控尺度和精度不一、设施管控缺乏分级等问题,以全域全要素管控为目标,提出了广州建立“四级三类”规划传导体系及实施评估监督的建议,认为一是要在纵向传导上,强化规划编制和“市—区—街道”行政管理体系的衔接,构建“市域—区—单元—地块”4个纵向传导层级,重点围绕“目标战略、底线管控、功能与用地管控、设施管控”4类核心管控内容明确各层级编制内容和深度;二是要在横向传导上,构建专项规划与各层级规划的“联系-反馈”机制,推进专项规划与总体层面规划同步编制,达成管控要求、核心指标等方面的共识,并加强详细规划层面的设施评估反馈,细化详细规划在指标、名录、位置、结构4个方面的传导要求。     

切槽对TBM刀具破岩机制的影响研究

高压水射流与机械滚刀相联合破岩技术的出现,改变了传统隧道掘进机（tunnel boring machine,简称TBM）的作业方式。以高压水射流在滚刀两侧岩体切槽的破岩模式为研究对象,开展常截面滚刀压头贯入不同预切槽深度白砂岩板状试样的试验和数值模拟计算分析,对破裂后图像进行DIC分析,研究发现：切槽的存在,阻断了刀具贯入裂纹的拓展,使能量能够更加集中于压头下方的局部岩石块体,有利于形成“八”字形贯通裂纹,促进岩石的破碎;随着槽深增加,压头下方岩石内部的应力状态和力学响应分区逐渐过渡改变。槽深较大时,压头下方的力学响应区域在原有裂纹扩展区、弹性区之间增加了破坏过渡区,该区域内微裂纹被压密,区域内岩石存在较大变形,但未出现明显破坏;切槽后,滚刀压头下方的岩体破坏机制由无切槽试样挤压剪切为主导的径向裂纹拓展,演变为由刀具和切槽共同控制作用—拉伸剪切为主导的主裂纹扩展。     

坚硬致密弱研磨性地层孕镶金刚石钻头性能优化

基于金刚石钻头在坚硬致密弱研磨性地层钻进时易出现进尺效率低的现象,将SiC磨粒作为胎体耐磨损性弱化颗粒添加至胎体中,采用室内钻进及正交试验设计法从金刚石粒度、金刚石浓度、胎体耐磨损性弱化颗粒浓度、胎体硬度4方面对钻头性能进行优化,并探讨了钻进工艺参数对钻进效率的影响。结果表明：将适当材质的胎体耐磨损性弱化颗粒添加至钻头胎体中,能够有效提高钻头的钻进效率,避免钻头打滑的现象;胎体硬度HRC 25,金刚石粒度40/50目、金刚石体积分数55%,胎体弱化颗粒体积分数30%是本次试验最优的设计方案;在相同主轴转速条件下,轴向压力不宜超过3.5 MPa,在相同轴向压力的条件下,其主轴转速以750~850 r/min为宜。     

微生物诱导碳酸盐沉积改善裂隙岩石防渗性能和强度的试验研究

微生物诱导碳酸盐沉积(MICP)技术主要利用微生物生命活动与环境反应形成的碳酸盐来修复岩土体。为了研究该技术改善含裂隙岩石防渗性能和强度的效果,利用巴氏芽孢杆菌开展了裂隙黄砂岩的修复试验,并对修复后的裂隙黄砂岩进行了无侧限抗压、核磁共振和电镜扫描(SEM)等测试,分析了巴氏芽孢杆菌对裂隙黄砂岩的修复效果和修复机制。研究表明:巴氏芽孢杆菌对裂隙黄砂岩具有较好的修复效果;修复时间越长,巴氏芽孢杆菌的修复效果越好。修复42d后,裂隙黄砂岩的孔隙率下降36.41%,防渗性能提升94.62%,抗压强度增加30.52%。巴氏芽孢杆菌具有较好修复效果原因在于,其诱导产生的碳酸钙能够胶结填充物与试样,大幅降低试样的孔隙率,改善其内部孔隙结构的均质性。