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161.
通过对我国北方地区影响日光温室生产的主要气候因素进行分析,从光、温、风、雪4个方面选取了冬季总辐射、日光温室生产季阴天日数、年极端最低气温、冬季平均气温、生产季月最大风速平均值、年最大积雪深度平均值6个因子作为气候适宜性区划指标,采用加权指数求和的评价方法建立综合气候适宜性区划指标模型,在利用层次分析法对区划指标进行量化分析确定其权重的基础上,借助GIS技术,得到北方地区日光温室发展的气候适宜性区划图。为了细化区划结果,将研究区域气候特征明显不同的典型区域分别进行进一步区划。结果表明:该方法不仅理论性较强,与实际相吻合的区划结果也说明该方法还具有良好的实用性。 相似文献
162.
Ecological optima and tolerances with respect to autumn pH were estimated for 63 diatom taxa in 47 Finnish lakes. The methods used were weighted averaging (WA), least squares (LS) and maximum likelihood (ML), the two latter methods assuming the Gaussian response model.WA produces optimum estimates which are necessarily within the observed lake pH range, whereas there is no such restriction in ML and LS. When the most extreme estimates of ML and LS were excluded, a reasonably close agreement among the results of different estimation methods was observed. When the species with unrealistic optima were excluded, the tolerance estimates were also rather similar, although the ML estimates were systematically greater.The parameter estimates were used to predict the autumn pH of 34 other lakes by weighted averaging. The ML and LS estimates including the extreme optima produced inferior predictions. A good prediction was obtained, however, when prediction with these estimates was additionally scaled with inverse squared tolerances, or when the extreme values were removed (censored). Tolerance downweighting was perhaps more efficient, and when it was used, no additional improvement was gained by censoring. The WA estimates produced good predictions without any manipulations, but these predictions tended to be biased towards the centroid of the observed range of pH values.At best, the average bias in prediction, as measured by mean difference between predicted and observed pH, was 0.082 pH units and the standard deviation of the differences, measuring the average random prediction error, was 0.256 pH units. 相似文献
163.
《The Professional geographer》1988,40(1):106-116
software reviews are in this article BMDP/PC CONCEPTS COMPUTERIZED ATLAS EVALUATION OF ALTERNATE PROPOSALS (EAP) EXTRA: EXPRESS TRANSIT ANALYSIS MATC CAD MOTORS TRANSPORTATION PACKAGE PCMAP: Thematic Mapping Software for the IBM Personal Computer, Version 2.3 PLACE TRANPLAN . US-ATLAS 相似文献
164.
Odim Mendes Jr. Aracy Mendes da Costa Fernando Celso Perin Bertoni 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2006,68(18):2127-2137
For at least 30 years now it has been well known that the Dst index can be modelled using the solar wind as input. Since then, many attempts have been made to improve the predictability of Dst using different approaches. These attempts are useful, for instance, to understand which features of the solar wind–magnetosphere interactions are most important in producing magnetospheric activity and how the Dst index would improve the space weather forecast. The Dst index is by far the most reliable and simple indication that a magnetic storm is in progress. In this work, the effect of using more than four magnetic stations and shorter time intervals than the hourly averages used in Sugiura's procedures is evaluated. The discussion is based on the results presented by Burton in 1975 and Feldstein in 1984 considering 4 or 12 magnetic stations and time averages of 2.5 min for a magnetic disturbed period that occurred from February 7–28, 1967, including two geomagnetic storms. The analysis has shown that the global representation of a magnetic storm by the standard Dst (Sugiura) is well preserved either using 4, 6, 12 magnetic stations or using 1 h, 2.5 min 1 min averages. A brief review of the current understanding of Dst has been included to support the discussions. The analysis performed has shown that a more refined Dst index (time and number of stations>4) would be useful to investigate the intrinsic processes and the different current systems involved in the ring current development during magnetic storms; the standard Dst, as it is conceived, is quite adequate to monitor geomagnetic storms and identify their overall features; concerning the magnetic stations normally considered, the inclusion of higher magnetic latitude stations (>35) may underestimate the observed Dst. 相似文献
165.
遥感信源色彩信号的提取与复现 总被引:13,自引:13,他引:0
提出遥感信源色彩信号的提取及复现理论,给出了可操作的技术路线,设计了提取与复现程序,用MODIS(中等分辨率航天成像光谱仪)数据提取并复现了色彩信号,生成了色彩信号图像。未进行大气校正的色彩信号图像等效于太空对地摄影,从图像可看出,地物被笼罩在瑞利散射形成的蓝色“云雾”下。经瑞利散射纠正后的色彩信号图像接近于地面真彩色摄影,非专业人员能根据地物颜色及阴影判读出常见地物。理论可用于遥感信源地面真彩色图像重建、色彩信号不完整信源彩色仿真、航天对地真彩色摄影、信源质量评价。 相似文献
166.
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168.
颜惠庆 《测绘与空间地理信息》2012,(3):72-75
通过分析当前城市电子地图色彩设计中存在的问题,提出了城市电子地图色调分类理论,探讨了该理论产生的原因和理论概况。通过对各种城市电子地图色调分类的粗略比较,将地图色调宽泛地定义为五种基本类型:清新淡雅型、热烈奔放型、知性沉稳型、甜美柔媚型和专业高效型。通过大量的检索和实践,分别归纳得出各个类型的地图色调配色参考系数,从而搭建出一个城市电子地图色调定位的色彩设计数据库并进行了实践。实践表明该库的建立对普通用户设计地图提供了一定的帮助,具有一定的实用价值。 相似文献
169.
变形监测数据处理的方法有很多,但这些方法对数据量及数据的采集方式有特定的要求,或者计算过程复杂。针对这些问题,提出了基于变窗宽核加权估计的变形趋势拟合方法,即先用较大窗宽的核加权估计去拟合变形的整体趋势,再用较小窗宽的核加权估计去拟合残余变形量——局部趋势。并针对这一新方法,提出了一种新的窗宽计算方法,即时序间隔标准差窗宽。以某大坝某一监测点32期的高程变形拟合为例,比较了不同的窗宽以及不同变窗宽组合的核加权拟合效果。结果表明,采用时序间隔标准差窗宽的核加权拟合比经验窗宽的拟合精度高;而基于变窗宽的核加权拟合比前两者精度更高。 相似文献
170.