气候变化对北极渔业资源的影响研究进展

近几十年来气候变化越发严峻,对北极渔业资源产生极大的影响。气候变化引发的海水升温、海平面上升和海冰缩减等改变,不仅直接影响北极渔业资源的种类习性及时空分布,而且通过对洋流、北极涛动、臭氧层等的影响间接地影响北极渔业资源的格局。气候变化对北极渔业资源的结构和数量有着不可逆转的影响,且影响范围广。本文通过对影响北极渔业资源的重大气候变化进行分析研究,找出气候变化影响北极渔业资源的主要因素,从而为应对气候变化,保护北极渔业资源提供基础,以便有效地、科学地并全面地确保北极渔业的可持续发展。     

2020年冬季大亚湾西南海域主要渔业生物碳氮稳定同位素研究

为了解大亚湾西南海域食物网的营养结构特征, 本研究于2020年1月份使用底拖网采集了该海域的渔业生物, 并分析了35种主要渔业生物的碳氮稳定同位素值。根据δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N值, 计算出该海域食物网6种营养结构的生态指标和主要渔业生物的营养级, 并绘制了连续营养谱。本次调查渔业生物主要为鱼类和虾蟹类, 鱼类的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N值范围分别为-17.63‰ ~ -14.85‰和12.92‰~15.46‰, 平均值分别为-16.47‰和13.80‰; 虾蟹类的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N值范围分别为-17.67‰ ~ -15.51‰和11.05‰~12.62‰, 平均值分别为-16.30‰和11.85‰。根据δ¹⁵N值, 用相加模型(trophic position by the additive model, TPA)和缩比模型(trophic position by the scaled model, TPS)分别计算了主要渔业生物的营养级, 结果显示两个模型计算的结果无显著性差异(P>0.1), 呈现鱼类平均营养级>虾蟹类的趋势。本研究发现大亚湾西南海域食物网初始食物来源较为单一, 存在食物链营养层级较少和长度不足, 食物网营养级多样性较低和营养结构冗余程度高的现象。与30多年前相比, 大亚湾近年高营养级生物量减少, 食物网结构由复杂趋向简单化, 生态系统稳定性较差。本研究结果不仅为了解大亚湾食物网结构组成提供了基础资料, 也为保护大亚湾渔业资源, 维持生态系统结构的稳定性提供参考依据。     

东莞内陆自然水域鱼类资源变动的调查与分析

调查东莞内陆自然水域1982-1984和2005-2010年的鱼类资源。结果显示,1982-1984年,有鱼类151种,分隶17目44科,其中洄游性鱼类8种,河口性鱼类47种。纯淡水鱼类中,鲤形目67种,鲇形目14种,组成东莞纯淡水鱼类的主体,约占84.4%;河口鱼类中,鲈形目26种,与鲱、鲻形目组成东莞沿岸、三角洲水网咸淡水鱼类的主体,约占76.7%。鲤形目、鲈形目和鲇形目组成东莞内陆自然水域原生态鱼类的主体,约占鱼类总数的80.1%。2005-2010年的复查结果,仅存鱼类107种,分隶18目40科,其中原土著鱼类96种,隶属15目34科。近30年间,有2目10科56种土著鱼类消失,减少37.1%,生物多样性下降;外来入侵鱼类增多3目6科11种,从原先占有比例的2.6%增至14%。分析主要经济鱼类的生物学特征以及鱼类资源变动原因,探讨鱼类资源的利用、增殖和保护。     

东营近海鲬鱼渔业生物学及资源丰度的季节变化

基于2010年春、夏、秋3个季节东营近海生物资源与环境调查资料,对东营近海鲬鱼群体渔业生物学特征及资源状况进行研究,同时分析其时空变化规律。结果表明:东营近海鲬鱼群体的优势体长组随着季节变化有所波动,优势体长组从大到小排序为春季>秋季>夏季,但是最大体长个体和最大体重个体均出现在夏季。渔获物中雌性个体数量多于雄性,夏季雌、雄比为1.25∶1,秋季雌、雄比为1.78∶1,性腺成熟度多集中在I期和II期,摄食等级以少量摄食为主,多集中于1级和2级。东营近海鲬鱼资源丰度的季节变化波动较大,且平均渔获率和平均尾数渔获率均处于较低水平,所获鲬鱼个体体长多分布在300mm以下,体重多集中于100g以下,群体呈现小型化趋势。此外,由于时空变化出现了夏季集中,春、秋季分散的规律,笔者推测东营近海鲬鱼群体可能为生殖洄游群体,东营近海存在鲬鱼的产卵场。研究结果为渤海鲬鱼资源可持续利用与保护提供了理论依据。     

渔业参与型管理的概念发展及其实施的必要性和可行性分析

早在20世纪40年代就已经有学者将参与型管理作为一种独立的管理理念进行概括分析,但将其应用到渔业中进行渔业参与型管理的学术性研究尚处于初步探索阶段.我国渔政发展环境为渔业参与型管理奠定了稳固的平台,渔业参与型管理立足于渔民自身利益,能够加强渔民归属感,提升政府工作效率     

Tag loss and movement of stocked yearling rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in southwestern Australia

Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, have been stocked in southwestern Australia since the 1930s. Trials at a research station maintained 868 tagged yearling O. mykiss (age: 14 months; standard length: 208 mm) for up to 375 days. The mean tag loss rate was 0.12% ± 0.040% per day for both single- and double-tagged fish. The tag loss rate was used to interpret tag return data from 7030 single-tagged yearlings stocked into three river systems in southwestern Australia. Recaptures indicated that O. mykiss survived into their second season in all rivers, with the maximum time at liberty of 21 months (longevity of at least 35 months). Upstream and downstream movements of O. mykiss increased with time, although 29% of recaptures were reported from the stocking site. Significantly more O. mykiss were recaptured from the Warren River, and differences remained even when corrected for stocking levels; angler effort had a marginal effect on return rates. Higher return rates from the Warren River may be due to availability of suitable habitat (stream cover, cooler water) for O. mykiss. Results allow the stocking regime to be reviewed to improve fishery performance.     

基于Pocket PC 的海洋渔业调查数据采集

针对传统的主要依赖于纸质日志记录海洋渔业资源调查数据所存在的数据质量差、难以保存、作业效率低等弊端,结合Pocket PC移动终端的优越性,提出利用Pocket PC平台记录海洋渔业资源调查数据,并分别就近海调查和远洋调查数据采集提出了相应的基于 Pocket PC 平台的信息化数据采集解决方案。然后以大洋性鱿鱼资源调查为例,设计并开发了一个基于Pocket PC的海洋渔业调查数据采集系统。通过实践检验,该系统可较好地完成大洋性鱿鱼资源调查的数据采集任务,同时也表明了基于 Pocket PC的海洋渔业调查数据采集的可行性和优越性。讨论的数据采集解决方案和相关技术可为海洋渔业和海洋环境相关的调查数据采集提供信息化支持。     

Calculation of väisalä‐brunt frequencies and specific volume distributions of sea water

An expression is derived for the Vaisala‐Brunt frequency in terms of the gradients of potential temperature and salinity. Modifications to facilitate calculations are suggested. A new method for expressing the specific volume distribution in terms of pressure, potential temperature, and salinity is also discussed.     

Preliminary description of a new species of Paraw aldeckia (Crustacea Amphipoda: Lysianassidae) from New Zealand (note)

A preliminary diagnosis is given for Parawaldeckia stephenseni from New Zealand, and the genus is briefly reviewed.     

Long‐term trends in the recreational lobster fishery of Florida,United States: Landings,effort, and implications for management

In Florida, United States, the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, supports an important commercial fishery and also perhaps the most intensive recreational fishery of any lobster species, with sales of recreational lobster fishing permits exceeding 100 000 annually. For the past decade, we have used mail surveys of recreational lobster license holders to estimate spatially explicit landings and fishing effort when recreational fishers are most active—during the state's “Special Two‐Day Sport Season”, which takes place just before the opening of the commercial season, and during the first month of the regular recreational season, which coincides with the commercial season. From 1993 through 2002, fishing effort during the Special Two‐Day Sport Season has ranged from 60 000 to 112 000 person‐days, and landings have ranged from c. 112 to 255t. Both fishing effort and landings have varied without trend. Fishing effort during the regular season over the same period has ranged from 261 000 to 514 000 person‐days, and landings have ranged from 434 to 825 t. Fishing effort has shown a marginally statistically significant decreasing trend, the result of a progressive decrease in effort since 1999. The largest proportion of both fishing effort and landings was concentrated along the south‐east coast. Despite the recent decrease in landings, the proportion of total landings made by the recreational fishery has increased. From 1993 through 1998, the fishery was responsible for c. 30% of commercial landings; by 2001, that percentage increased to nearly 40%. Such a shift in landings away from the commercial trap fishery toward the recreational fishery was recognised as a potential but unintended effect of the ongoing management plan of restricting effort in the commercial trap fishery. Our 2001 surveys revealed that recreational lobster fishers spent more on a person‐day basis than the general visitor to the Florida Keys did, but less than those visitors using the region's coral reefs. Consequently, managers must establish management strategies that allow the coexistence of this resource's user groups and also incorporate the social and environmental concerns of nonuser groups.