内蒙古维拉斯托锌铜多金属矿床特征及成因

维拉斯托锌铜多金属矿床受米生庙复背斜南东翼的近东西向“S”型压扭性断裂构造控制,矿体赋存在接触部位的古元古界宝音图组和华力西中期花岗闪长岩体内.通过系统总结矿区地质、矿体地质以及矿床矿石结构构造、矿物及其交生、围岩蚀变、化学成分特征,认为锌铜多金属成矿作用与石英闪长岩侵入岩体关系密切,矿床形成时代为华力西中期,矿床成因类型为岩浆热液型.     

辽宁南华系的划分及其特征

南华系以冰川活动的广泛出现为其特征,始称“南华大冰期”,但辽宁南华系中迄今尚未发现冰成岩沉积.相反,辽宁南华系却发育大量的宏观藻类化石,反映出当时温暖潮湿的古气候条件.世界各地前寒武纪晚期冰川活动,均出现于低古纬度位置.根据古地磁资料,辽宁南华系分布于中、高古纬度位置.因此,辽宁南华系不会发育冰成岩.辽宁发育“温暖型南华系”,这将对全国的南华系划分对比提供新的研究思路.     

The morphology and hydrology of small spring-dominated channels

Small, low order channels located in wet meadows along the Mogollon Rim of northern Arizona that receive the bulk of their flow from spring discharge exhibit a morphology that differs markedly from channels that receive the bulk of their flow from runoff. These small, spring-dominated channels generally have dense vegetation cover, vertical (or near vertical) banks with flat channel beds that are armored with clasts up to 60 mm. Clasts armoring the spring-dominated channels become mobile at 45 to 85% of the bankfull depth. The lack of fine-grained material in the bed of the spring-dominated channels reflects the small drainage size, lack of fine grain input from the spring, and winnowing affect of the consistent discharge. Minor amounts of large woody debris were present in some of the spring-dominated channels, however, unlike previous studies it does not appear to play a role in the spring-dominated channel morphology. Sinuosity values for spring-dominated channels averaged 1.19, while the average sinuosity values for the runoff-dominated channels, 1.08, were significantly lower. Measured width-to-depth ratios averaged 2.4 in the spring-dominated channels, much lower than the average ratio of 11.6 found for the runoff-dominated channels. The standard deviation of width-to-depth ratios was higher for runoff-dominated channels, reflecting a more variable channel profile. A third channel type, here referred to as hybrid channels, receive significant flow from both springs and runoff. These channels have characteristics that fall between spring-dominated and runoff-dominated channels.Elevation, gradient, organic matter content, and sediment grain size distribution of the wet meadows in which the channels are formed do not exhibit significant differences between channel types, suggesting that these factors are not responsible for the observed differences in channel morphologies. The major differences in controls on the channel morphology found between the spring-dominated and runoff-dominated channels are the discharge regime and the sediment input. The hydrology unique to the spring-dominated channels and the lack of fine-grained sediment input combine to create the observed differences.     

Riparian reforestation and channel change: A case study of two small tributaries to Sleepers River, northeastern Vermont, USA

Measurements of two small streams in northeastern Vermont, collected in 1966 and 2004–2005, document considerable change in channel width following a period of passive reforestation. Channel widths of several tributaries to Sleepers River in Danville, VT, USA, were previously measured in 1966 when the area had a diverse patchwork of forested and nonforested riparian vegetation. Nearly 40 years later, we remeasured bed widths and surveyed large woody debris (LWD) in two of these tributaries, along 500 m of upper Pope Brook and along nearly the entire length (3 km) of an unnamed tributary (W12). Following the longitudinal survey, we collected detailed channel and riparian information for nine reaches along the same two streams. Four reaches had reforested since 1966; two reaches remained nonforested. The other three reaches have been forested since at least the 1940s. Results show that reforested reaches were significantly wider than as measured in 1966, and they are more incised than all other forested and nonforested reaches. Visual observations, cross-sectional surveys, and LWD characteristics indicate that reforested reaches continue to change in response to riparian reforestation. The three reaches with the oldest forest were widest for a given drainage area, and the nonforested reaches were substantially narrower. Our observations culminated in a conceptual model that describes a multiphase process of incision, widening, and recovery following riparian reforestation of nonforested areas. Results from this case study may help inform stream restoration efforts by providing insight into potentially unanticipated changes in channel size associated with the replanting of forested riparian buffers adjacent to small streams.     

永安地震台数字化SWY-Ⅱ水位仪观测概况与仪器维护

永安地震台数字化SWY-Ⅱ水位仪为中国地震局台站背景场项目观测仪器,通过对永安台数字化SWY-Ⅱ水位仪运行两年来观测概况的介绍,总结日常观测过程中可能遇到的仪器故障,并探讨解决仪器问题的经验办法,提高仪器维护的技术水平。     

CBCT对上气道形态的研究进展

上气道为人体重要的组成部分,随着多种影像学手段的应用,对其认识逐步深入。以往研究有其局限性或不可靠性,目前锥形束CT(CBCT)已成为研究气道形态大小的主要手段。总结应用CBCT研究气道的多种气道划分标准、多种分析测量软件及方法,主要通过测量气道容积、长度、不同截面矢状径、横径和面积等项目,研究不同骨面型患者的气道特点,得出差异所在,用以指导气道疾病的治疗及错颌畸形的正畸正颌手术等。      

河南省南襄盆地泌阳凹陷古近系核桃园组湖相页岩油储集层特征

尽管对南襄盆地泌阳凹陷古近系核桃园组湖相页岩采用大型压裂初产已获高产油气流,但是对该湖相页岩储集层特征尚未进行系统研究。文中应用薄片分析及全岩X衍射分析,结合陆相页岩矿物组成特点,将泌阳凹陷湖相页岩划分为块状泥岩、纹层状黏土质页岩、纹层状粉砂质页岩、纹层状灰质页岩及纹层状云质页岩5种类型。根据页岩岩心样品氩离子抛光扫描电镜分析结果,探讨了研究区湖相页岩的储集特征:(1)主要发育溶蚀孔、晶间孔、粒间孔、构造缝、层间页理缝和微裂缝等储集空间类型;(2)孔隙发育具有各向异性;(3)孔隙以中孔体积为主,微孔次之,孔径平均为4.76 nm,有2个峰值区,分别是2～3 nm和71 nm左右。进一步分析表明,岩石类型控制了储集层的储集空间发育特征,研究区以纹层状灰质页岩的溶蚀孔、晶间孔、有机质孔、层间缝等孔隙最为发育,其亦对页岩油储集最为有利。     

内蒙古巴彦哈尔金矿床地质特征及成因初探

内蒙古巴彦哈尔金矿床位于华北陆块北缘艾力庙-锡林浩特中间地块西北缘.矿床赋存于中元古代温都尔庙群的绢云石英片岩和绿泥石片岩中.矿床的形成与区内韧性剪切带及华力西期岩浆活动关系密切.矿区内共圈定出5个矿体,总体走向为北西向,矿体呈似层状或透镜状产出,矿石类型包括石英脉型和糜棱蚀变岩型.金矿化与硅化和黄铁绢英岩化蚀变关系密切.结合矿床的矿体地质、矿物成分、矿物嵌布及围岩蚀变特征以及前人包裹体测温结果,认为矿床类型为浅成低温热液型金矿.     

辽宁省凌源-阜新金成矿带地质特征及找矿标志

凌源-阜新金矿成矿带是辽西及辽宁省至关重要的金成矿带.区内出露的各时代地层较齐全,与成矿关系最密切的为建平群小塔子沟组.构造运动发育从太古宙到中生代均有较大规模的构造活动,同时这些构造运动也控制了岩浆岩的侵入和金矿的形成与分布.成矿带内发育含金石英脉型金矿和次火山热液型金矿两种类型的金矿.通过对区域地质背景、典型矿床特征分析,总结了凌源-阜新金成矿带的金矿的赋矿层位、构造对金矿的控制作用及侵入岩与金矿的时空关系等3个方面的找矿标志.     

宁芜盆地热液脉型金铜矿床地质特征——以江苏铜井金铜矿床为例

宁芜盆地分布着众多热液成因的脉型金铜矿床,铜井金铜矿床是区内该类矿床的典型矿床.矿体主要呈脉状、似脉状和透镜状赋存于近北北西向压扭性断裂与古火山机构复合部位,具有等距雁行排列的特点.研究表明,铜井金铜矿床先后经历了早期石英硫化物阶段、中期石英硫化物碳酸盐阶段和晚期碳酸盐阶段.矿石中黄铜矿硫同位素δ³⁴S平均为3.63‰,³⁴S/³²S平均为22.139,为幔源硫来源.金、铜成矿物质为白垩系娘娘山组碱性玄武安山质岩浆分异演化到晚期分熔的产物,成矿热液沿着压扭性断裂构造上升,在有利的构造空间富集成矿.流体包裹体均一温度为171~253℃,成矿深度为100~400 m.总体上,铜井金铜矿床属与构造-火山活动有关的中浅成热液充填脉型矿床.