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21.
从交通问题的对偶规划出发, 引入由Beckmann 和Wallance, Golob 和Beckman 等提出的不确定性效用方法, 建立交通问题和双约束重力模型的关系。证明当旅行者效用概率分布密度函数的标准差趋于零时, 双约束重力模型中的距离摩擦系数趋于正无穷, 由双约束重力模型确定的旅行分布使得总的交通成本达到最小。在这种关系中, 双约束重力模型中平衡因子的作用是市场调整旅行终点服务价格进而调整旅行者消费者剩余的结果。通过建立的分 析方法对北京、上海、广州、西安、武汉、成都和昆明等七个城市间航空交通的应用, 发现多数航线的模拟较好。结果表明各终点的差异性、消费者偏好的不同、交通工具的替代性和旅行目的之差异性等可以导致一些较大的误差, 这些差异性可以采用对起终点对的单位交通费用的调整来体现, 从而达到较好的模拟和分析效果。 相似文献
22.
K. Ponnambalam A. Vannelli T. E. Unny 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1989,3(1):17-29
Optimization of multi-reservoir systems operations is typically a very large scale optimization problem. The following are the three types of optimization problems solved using linear programming (LP): (i) deterministic optimization for multiple periods involving fine stage intervals, for example, from an hour to a week (ii) implicit stochastic optimization using multiple years of inflow data, and (iii) explicit stochastic optimization using probability distributions of inflow data. Until recently, the revised simplex method has been the most efficient solution method available for solving large scale LP problems. In this paper, we show that an implementation of the Karmarkar's interior-point LP algorithm with a newly developed stopping criterion solves optimization problems of large multi-reservoir operations more efficiently than the simplex method. For example, using a Micro VAX II minicomputer, a 40 year, monthly stage, two-reservoir system optimization problem is solved 7.8 times faster than the advanced simplex code in MINOS 5.0. The advantage of this method is expected to be greater as the size of the problem grows from two reservoirs to multiples of reservoirs. This paper presents the details of the implementation and testing and in addition, some other features of the Karmarkar's algorithm which makes it a valuable optimization tool are illuminated. 相似文献
23.
24.
基于动恣规划的整体影像匹配 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
影像匹配是数字摄影测量工作的基础。考虑到多条核线上的匹配点,本文提出了一种基于动态规划的整体影像匹配方法,构造了一种新的立体匹配模型,并将该模型转化成为简单的一维动态规划模型,采用对角线的方法划分阶段,用视差较和相关系数来构造阶段的代价函数,从而得到了基于动态规划的整体最优匹配结果。 相似文献
25.
Summary Dynamic programming is a technique which has been used to design the optimum final surface mining pit limit. In using dynamic programming there is a trade-off: if the geometric constraints are specified too strictly, the pit limit will not be the optimum, but if they are specified more loosely, then the computed pit contours must be smoothed. The smoothing process has usually been manual and is time consuming. In this paper a colour graphics computer routine is presented. This not only facilitates the smoothing but also has the following benefits: open-pit limits can be designed interactively on a personal computer; pit designs that are closer to the economic optimum can be obtained; and the engineer can bring his or her own experience and intuition to bear on the final open-pit design. 相似文献
26.
W. Schaap 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1984,2(1):51-61
Summary Recent mining literature on cutoff grade theory has come to reflect some viewpoints and analyses expressed earlier in the economic literature. Agreement is best when the cutoff grade policy is established by analysis in stages, starting from the limits of the deposit, and using the maximum net present value objective. In the derivation of the optimal cutoff grade policy a dynamic programming approach is then applied to solve the overall problem as a series of linked, nonlinear, stage optimization problems. A wholly satisfactory use of a dynamic programming methodology requires that two conditions be satisfied: the separability and optimality conditions. The former is, strictly, violated by a heap-leaching or dump-leaching process, the latter by possible forms of resource rent taxation. This paper considers the problem of including such a leaching process in a cutoff grade policy analysis along aforementioned lines. It concludes that a workable method of doing so may be found which, in particular, may be quite satisfactory in arid climates where, in addition, some practical leaching experience already exists. 相似文献
27.
本文对CRM-PCIPS物化探数据图像处理系统的需要分析、开发环境、系统结构、文件系统、设计编码、程序调试与测试方法做了概括的介绍,并从“软件工程学”的角度对该项开发工作的进程,成功经验与不足之处进行了全面的评述。 相似文献
28.
几何光学交互遮蔽模型(GOMS)是一种重要的遥感前向模型,它较好解释了“热点”现象,具有较强的前向模拟能力。但由于其固有的非线性性,给反演带来困难。本文尝试采用近年来兴起的并行随机全局寻优算法-遗传算法对GOMS进行反演,并针对传统遗传算法的不足进行了改进。在使用相同先验知识的条件下,将该算法与目前最有效的约束非线性最优化确定性搜索算法-逐步二次规划法对GOMS模型的反演效果进行了比较,结果表明,逐步二次规划法搜索效率较高,但结果受初值的影响很大,初值选择不当,易收敛于局部最优解,而遗传算法具有全局最优的收敛效果,但局部搜索效率较差。在某些对精度要求不高,而对搜索效率要求较高的场合,可以采用遗传算法与确定性搜索算法相结合的混合遗传算法,以提高算法的搜索效率,获得较为满意的效果。 相似文献
29.
Simulation-optimization approach to assess groundwater availability in Refugio County, TX 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Sustainable management of groundwater resources is critical for viable development of semi-arid regions. Refugio County, TX,
is predominantly a rural community that is in close proximity to two large urban areas of Corpus Christi and San Antonio.
Large-scale water supply projects are being planned to export surplus water available in Refugio County to nearby growing
cities. Being a coastal county with several sensitive bays and estuaries, these projects have caused concerns with regard
to decreases in freshwater inflows to coastal bodies and raised the possibility of saltwater intrusion. A simulation model
characterizing groundwater flow in the shallower unconfined and the deeper semi-confined formations of the Gulf coast aquifer
was calibrated and evaluated. The model results were used in conjunction with a mathematical programming scheme to estimate
maximum available groundwater in the county. Stakeholder concerns were incorporated as constraints, which included prevention
of saltwater intrusion in the aquifer, limiting the amount of allowable drawdown in shallow aquifers, as well as maintaining
current flow gradients especially near baseflow-dependent streams and rivers. For the conditions assumed in this study, the
model results indicate that roughly 4.93 × 107 m3 of water can be extracted in a typical year. The management model was noted to be very sensitive to the imposed saltwater
intrusion constraint. 相似文献
30.