Re-appraisal of seismicity and seismotectonics in the north-eastern Algeria Part I: Review of historical seismicity

As large destructive seismic events are not frequent in Algeria, anexhaustive knowledge of the historical seismicity is required to have arealistic view of seismic hazard in this part of the world. This research workpresents a critical reappraisal of seismicity in the north-eastern Algeria forseismotectonic and seismic hazard purposes. This part of work focuses onthe seismicity of pre-1900 period for the area under consideration[33^°N-38^°N, 4^°E-9.5^°E]. By going back tothe available documentary sources and evaluating and analysing the eventsin geographical, cultural and historical context, it has been possible toidentify 111 events, from 1850–1899, which are not reported in therecent Algerian catalogue. Several spurious events, reported in standardlistings, have been deleted and nine unknown events have been discovered.It is quite clear that macroseismic information derived from press reportsand published documents in Algeria, under certain conditions, is veryincomplete, even for destructive earthquakes, located in the countrysideaway from communication centres. One of the reasons for this iscensorship, noticeable during the colonisation period. Critical analysis ofnewly collected information has allowed the determination and/or theimprovement of the macroseismic parameters of each event, such aslocation, maximum epicentral intensity and magnitude to produce anearthquake catalogue as homogeneous and complete as the available data,for the zone under study. The criteria used in this research are explainedand eight historical earthquakes have been the subject of retrospectivemacroseismic field construction.The investigation of historical earthquakes is one of the most important taskin studying seismotectonic for seismic hazard evaluation purposes.     

大城市郊区居民通勤模式对健康的影响研究——以北京天通苑为例

中国大城市的郊区化加剧了居民的职住分离与长距离通勤,进而影响其健康状况。本文以北京典型近郊巨型居住区天通苑为案例,研究城市郊区居民通勤模式对健康的影响。天通苑全职就业者通勤空间总体上呈现以天通苑为中心不均匀的放射状格局;根据通勤距离、时间与方式,将天通苑全职就业者的通勤模式划分为短距离-积极-公交通勤、中长距离-公交-小汽车通勤、超长距离-公交-小汽车通勤3种模式。本文借助二项Logistic回归模型,在控制其他社会经济属性的前提下验证不同通勤模式对生理健康和心理健康2个维度6个指标的影响。研究发现,整体上通勤模式对睡眠质量差、经常请病假、疲惫不堪、压力大等健康风险的影响均呈现出倒“U”形的趋势,表明适度通勤可能有利于健康,而过长通勤却不利于健康,尤其是超长距离-公交-小汽车通勤模式显著地增加了睡眠质量差、经常请病假、压力大等的健康风险。最后,本文指出改善大城市郊区职住关系不仅意味着城市运行效率的提升,更意味着居民健康状况及生活质量的提升。     

地形图脚本文件自动生成的研究与应用

AutoCAD脚本文件编写简单,可将不同的命令组合起来并按照一定的顺序连续地执行,可用于对分幅地形图数据的批量处理。本文利用程序开发了脚本文件自动生成程序,较大地提高了图形编辑处理的效率。     

基于GIS数据的快速地图制图技术探讨

本文通过对基于GIS数据的地图制图工艺流程的分析梳理和有关软件的功能分析,给出了一套基于GIS数据的快速、高效的地图制图方法。     

A detailed measurement of the halo in the coma cluster of galaxies,and its magnetic field

Abstract

A new series of detailed observations of the Coma cluster of galaxies has been undertaken with the aim of better specifying the intergalactic gas component through high dynamic range, combined-telescope observations of the radio emission from the cluster which detect both the cluster-scale and galaxy-scale emission.

By combining these multi-frequency radio maps with a Faraday rotation probe experiment using cluster and background sources, and the published X-ray data, we have been able to estimate the intracluster magnetic field strength independently of the usual assumptions of equipartition. The result is approximately 2 microgauss.

We compare the X-ray and radio distributions in detail, and describe how our combined results suggest that acceleration of the relativistic electrons occurs in situ, and we suggest that the conditions in the cluster provide good physical arguments to support this.     

GNSS-R观测下的海面飓风风速反演

利用全球导航卫星系统在地球表面的反射信号（GNSS-R）进行海面风速反演已经被广泛研究并作为一种重要的遥感手段。目前,该L波段微波信号的相关功率已可以在多普勒频率和时延码片空间进行多普勒时延图像的成像。由于该图像的图像特征与海面粗糙度有较高的相关性,因此能够用来进行海面风场反演。然而,对于该遥感手段而言,其双基雷达前向散射截面（BRCS）理论上与海面粗糙度有更高的相关性,如同目前合成孔径雷达使用后向雷达散射截面而非相关功率。所以,本文通过改进已有的GNSS-R的双基雷达散射截面方程,代替相关功率在多普勒时延空间进行成像,得出了与海面粗糙度相关的双基雷达散射截面图像（BRCS map）。基于该图像,本文提出了三种与其形状特征相关的观测量,通过2005年Dennis飓风GNSS-R机载数据生成的16000多幅图像进行地球物理模式函数建模并与经典的一维时延波形匹配方法得出结果进行对比分析,得出更为精确的风速反演结果。     

Toward Optimal Calibration of the SLEUTH Land Use Change Model

SLEUTH is a computational simulation model that uses adaptive cellular automata to simulate the way cities grow and change their surrounding land uses. It has long been known that models are of most value when calibrated, and that using back‐casting (testing against known prior data) is an effective calibration method. SLEUTH's calibration uses the brute force method: every possible combination and permutation of its control parameters is tried, and the outcomes tested for their success at replicating prior data. Of the SLEUTH calibration approaches tried so far, there have been several suggested rules to follow during the brute force procedure to deal with problems of tractability, most of which leave out many of the possible parameter combinations. In this research, we instead attempt to create the complete set of possible outcomes with the goal of examining them to select the optimum from among the millions of possibilities. The self‐organizing map (SOM) was used as a data reduction method to pursue the isolation of the best parameter sets, and to indicate which of the existing 13 calibration metrics used in SLEUTH are necessary to arrive at the optimum. As a result, a new metric is proposed that will be of value in future SLEUTH applications. The new measure combines seven of the current measures, eight if land use is modeled, and is recommended as a way to make SLEUTH applications more directly comparable, and to give superior modeling and forecasting results.     

Housing,Homelessness, and Mental Health: Mapping an Agenda for Geographical Inquiry*

This paper proposes that work by geographers on the relationships between housing, homelessness, and mental health should take into account recent literature concerning the nature of home in contemporary society. Towards this end, we distinguish between literal, incipient, and metaphorical homelessness. We argue that this distinction raises new research questions concerning the experience of households “on the edge of homelessness” and others who are well-housed but, for various reasons, are not “at home” in their present circumstances.     

Unbracketing the multiplicity of trauma in North Kivu,Democratic Republic of Congo

As international health organizations have increasingly acknowledged the global burden of psychological trauma, global health experts have sought to appraise and organize the treatment of trauma through objective, neutral forms of classification and calculation. Rather than see trauma as a singular thing whose biological, social and psychological formation is bracketed by expert perspectives, this paper focuses on how psychological trauma is enacted—that is, brought into being and sustained—in particular contexts and practices. If trauma can be made and unmade in practices, rather than assumed to be a stable thing, then these practices become a matter of concern rather than fact for geographers. We take as our empirical focus the province of North Kivu in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, where trauma has become a matter of growing local, national and international concern. Working with and beyond the conceptual work of Annemarie Mol, we demonstrate how different ‘versions’ of trauma uneasily co-exist in the region. Interrogating these versions, we explore the tensions that arise from attempting to explain and summate the incidence of trauma that is not singular or stable but is, instead, emergent and enacted in a variety of practices.     

郊区化背景下居民健身活动时空约束对心理健康影响——以广州为例

本文从健康地理跨学科的视角入手,以广州市典型郊区的102个样本为研究对象,并选择10个城区街道的927个样本作为参照组进行对比研究,重点探讨中国式快速郊区化背景下,郊区居民健身活动时空约束对心理健康状况的影响。通过构建多元线性回归模型,从微观层面探讨居民城市建成环境、健身行为和心理健康之间的相互关系。结果表明：基于WHO-5反映心理健康量表的评分,郊区样本心理健康状况平均分值只有8.411分,远低于城区样本的平均12.788分,郊区居民的心理健康问题需要引起重视。相对于城区居民,郊区居民健身活动受长距离的通勤及不完善的公共交通系统的时空约束更为明显,健身活动频率更低、时间更短、空间上主要集中在住宅附近。这种差异除了受个人经济社会属性、邻里社区融入等因素影响外,还明显受到建成环境因素的影响。研究结论对弥补过度市场化逐利下造成的城市公共性缺失,维护社会空间公平,完善中国式郊区化下的公共服务设施配套体系,改善郊区居民心理健康状况有重要意义,同时也可为郊区规划及公共政策制定提供参考。