基于城市记忆的传统文化旅游地空间溯源——以南京夫子庙秦淮风光带为例

基于城市记忆视角,选取南京夫子庙秦淮风光带作为传统文化旅游地的典型个案,以古代六朝至近代中华民国时段为界,分类梳理古地图、古诗词、古画卷、老照片等图文史料,结合符号学和质性研究方法,从地理和文化空间2个层面,溯源其历史发展过程,探究其空间演化特征。研究结果凸显了夫子庙秦淮风光带在南京城市发展变迁中担负的城市记忆表征、民族文化传承、市井生活繁衍及地方特色沿袭等重要功能,为传统文化旅游地及城市文化空间的科学规划和健康发展提供参考借鉴。     

人工地震测深和天然地震流动观测兼用的轻便数字地震仪系统

本文介绍一种新的轻便数字地震仪ＤＡＳ－１。其设计特点是：双微处理器硬件结构;过采样ＡＤ转换技术的运用;线性相位和最小相位ＦＩＲ数字滤波的运用;大容量ＣＭＯＳ快闪存贮器作数据存储介质;ＧＰＳ授时和内部高精度数字钟相结合的时间服务系统;采集器功耗低于０．６５Ｗ。该仪器有３个信号输入通道,０￣４０Ｈｚ的带宽和１６位字长。它可方便地用于人工地震测深及天然地震流动观测。     

多维地震作用下大跨空间结构的减震控制分析

考虑到多维地震输入对网架结构的不利影响,基于形状记忆合金超弹性,研制出一种兼具自复位、高耗能及放大功能于一体的形状记忆合金复合黏滞阻尼器(Hybrid Shape Memory Alloy Viscous Dampers,简称HSMAVD),并通过试验研究该阻尼器在循环荷载作用下的力学性能;然后以平面四角锥网架模型为基础,将该阻尼器替换部分网架结构杆件,并分析该阻尼器减震控制效果。结果表明形状记忆合金与黏滞阻尼器复合后具有良好的协同工作能力,可有效发挥形状记忆合金的超弹性和黏滞阻尼器的速度相关特性,使其具有稳定的滞回性能和良好的耗能能力;采用阻尼杆件替换原杆件的方法既能对结构进行有效的减震控制,又不改变原有的结构形式,是一种优越的减震控制方法,并为HSMAVD被动控制系统在结构抗震中的实际应用提供新思路。     

一种嵌入式空间数据引擎的设计与实现

空间数据引擎是实现高效空间数据访问和管理的关键技术之一。本文提出一种基于内存映射文件和改进堆组织表方式的嵌入式空间数据引擎设计与实现方法,分析了该数据引擎的组成部分和关键算法,并在其基础上讨论了日志及事务的实现方法。通过对实际数据的实验对比,其结果表明:基于本文方法开发的系统和目前主流嵌入式数据库相比,具有数据访问速度快,占用内存少的特点,适合于空间数据的编辑环境。     

低压密闭消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定地质样品中的硼

采用酸溶-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定地质样品中的全硼量,关键环节在于如何防止样品消解过程中硼元素的损失,降低测量过程中的基体干扰、光谱干扰和记忆效应。基于以上问题,本文采用氢氟酸-硝酸-高氯酸-磷酸在低压密闭溶样罐中消解样品,溶出的硼元素与少量磷酸充分络合,防止硼的挥发损失;以基体及主成分浓度与样品相类似的地质类固体标准物质绘制标准曲线做线性校准,有效匹配和降低样品的基体干扰;采用仪器自带的操作软件,观察分析谱线附近是否存在其他元素的干扰,来确定背景扣除最佳的位置及宽度,降低ICP-OES测量中的光谱干扰;以10%的王水作为进样系统的冲洗液,有效消减测量过程中的记忆效应。当稀释因子为200时,方法的检出限(3SD)为1.2μg/g,定量限(10SD)为4.0μg/g;用岩石、土壤及水系沉积物国家一级标准物质对精密度及准确度进行分析验证,11次测定相对标准偏差为1.8%～7.9%,相对误差为-3.6%～6.3%;以外检分析结果为参考,对硼含量在定量限以上的样品测定,相对误差为-9.3%～12.5%。     

高性能GIS研究进展及评述

互联网技术的发展使地理信息技术得到了前所未有的发展和应用,地理信息计算呈现出计算速度快、运行效率高、应用多样化的发展特征。而随着计算机硬件性能飞速提升,传统的GIS数据处理方式并不能与之匹配,各种缺陷与弊端逐渐显现,亟待更高效的数据处理方式。目前,以并行集群计算技术和分布式网络技术为代表的高性能计算的出现,为这些问题的解决带来了新思路,并逐渐发展形成了新一代的多核并行高性能计算系统。当前,如何利用新型硬件体系结构带来的计算能力,研究新一代高性能GIS计算系统,解决现在所面临的时空数据密集和计算密集问题成为重要挑战。高性能计算是基于一组或几组计算机系统组成的集群,通过网络连接组成超级计算系统以加强数据处理、分析计算性能的一种技术。在实际应用中,逐渐形成Hadoop,Spark和Storm 3大主流分布式高性能计算系统,它们三者各具优缺点。本文从高性能GIS算法、并行GIS计算、内存计算和众核计算4个方面梳理、归纳总结了高性能GIS的技术体系,分析了每类高性能GIS技术特征,综合分析、评述了近年来高性能GIS的研究进展,并对高性能GIS未来发展进行展望,为更完备、高效的高性能GIS体系的建立、发展和应用提供参考。今后,并行GIS计算、高性能计算模式和分布式存储仍然是GIS技术领域发展的重要方向,通过高性能GIS系统可有效地解决时空数据密集、计算密集和网络通讯密集等问题,大大提升GIS地理分析效率。     

Computational study of self‐centering buckling‐restrained braced frame seismic performance

Recent research developed and experimentally validated a self‐centering buckling‐restrained brace (SC‐BRB) that employs a restoring mechanism created using concentric tubes held flush with pretensioned shape memory alloy rods, in conjunction with a buckling‐restrained brace (BRB) that dissipates seismic energy. The present computational study investigated how the SC‐BRB can be implemented in real buildings to improve seismic performance. First, a computational brace model was developed and calibrated against experimental data, including the definition of a new cyclic material model for superelastic NiTi shape memory alloy. A parametric study were then conducted to explore the design space for SC‐BRBs. Finally, a set of prototype buildings was designed and computationally subjected to a suite of ground motions. The effect of the lateral resistance of gravity framing on self‐centering was also examined. From the component study, the SC‐BRB was found to dissipate sufficient energy even with large self‐centering ratios (as large as 4) based on criteria found in the literature for limiting peak drifts. From the prototype building study, a SC‐BRB self‐centering ratio of 0.5 was capable of reliably limiting residual drifts to negligible values, which is consistent with a dynamic form of self‐centering discussed in the literature. Because large self‐centering ratios can create significant overstrength, the most efficient SC‐BRB frame designs had a self‐centering ratio in the range of 0.5–1.5. Ambient building resistance (e.g., gravity framing) was found to reduce peak drifts, but had a negligible effect on residual drifts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Social memory and resilience in New Orleans

A key concept in resilience studies is that human societies can learn from hazard events and use their accumulated social memory to better contend with future catastrophes. This article explores the deliberate referral to historical records complied after Hurricane Betsy in 1965 and how they were used to prepare for tropical storms at the time of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Despite proclamations that Louisiana would not repeat its mistakes, hazards planners seriously neglected the historical record.     

Experimental study of a highway bridge with shape memory alloy restrainers focusing on the mitigation of unseating and pounding

This paper presents an experimental study to investigate the performance of shape memory alloy(SMA) restrainers for mitigating the pounding and unseating of highway bridges when subjected to seismic excitations.Mechanical property tests of the SMA wire used in the restrainers are conducted first to understand the pseudo-elastic characteristics of the material.Then,a series of shaking table tests are carried out on a highway bridge model.The structural responses of the highway bridge model equipped with SMA restrainers,installed in the form of deck-deck and deck-pile connections,are analyzed and compared with the uncontrolled structures.The test results of this study indicate that the SMA restrainers are not only effective in preventing unseating but also in suppressing the seismic-induced pounding of the highway bridge model used in this study.     

基于应力腐蚀和腐蚀疲劳的焊缝磁记忆信号分析

为了研究不同腐蚀条件下的焊缝磁记忆特征信号,对20号钢板状焊缝试件进行残余应力腐蚀、35kN恒拉伸应力腐蚀和35kN静载、25kN动载拉拉腐蚀疲劳对比实验,分析焊缝正、反面磁记忆信号的变化规律,获得焊缝腐蚀发展进程中应力腐蚀与腐蚀疲劳各自对应的磁记忆特征信号.结果表明:在应力腐蚀状态下,不同拉伸载荷对应的磁记忆信号特征不同,35kN恒拉伸应力腐蚀与残余应力腐蚀相比,焊缝区磁记忆信号峰峰值及其梯度更大,磁记忆曲线分布的分散度更大;35kN静载、25kN动载拉拉腐蚀疲劳与35kN恒拉伸应力腐蚀相比,焊缝区磁记忆曲线上下波动多,过零点次数多,磁记忆曲线分布的分散度小.这为磁记忆技术在焊缝工程检测的定性与定量分析提供基础数据.