Natural mineral waters,curative-medical waters and their protection

In Europe different types of water are marketed, each strictly defined by EC Directive 80/777 (Natural Mineral Water, Spring and Table Water) or 80/778 (Drinking Water). In Germany, an additional type of water is common in the market: curative/medical water. Product quality and safety, registration as medicine, and pharmaceutical control are defined by the German Federal Medicine Act. A medical water is treated as any other medicine and may be sold only in pharmacies. The use of any water in Germany is controlled and strictly regulated by the Federal Water Act (Fricke 1981). The following requirements are set by the act: (1) No water use without a permit, which is limited in time and quantity. (2) No single or juristic person may own water. (3) Water resources of public interest and their recharge areas are to be protected by the definition of water protection zones. (Natural mineral water is not of public interest and therefore is not required to be protected by the definition of water protection zones, although it represents a market value of more than US$2 billion. Medical water is of public interest). The definition of water protection zones impacts private property rights and has to be handled carefully. In order to protect water resources, sometimes the economic basis of a traditional industrial and/or agricultural infrastructure is destroyed. The concerns and needs all citizens, including industry, must be considered in analyzing the adequacy of water protection zones.     

Questionnaire-based assessment of Mediterranean fishing ports,Nile Delta,Egypt

The fisheries sector is a significant contributor to the Egyptian economy. Recently, issues relating to fishing ports have been highlighted in port planning, availability of facilities, management, and environmental issues. Additional problems include Egypt's lack of specific guidelines for planning and design of fishing ports. This paper aims to assess the current status of five fishing ports (both natural and artificial) located along the Mediterranean coast of Egypt. Data were collected via a questionnaire supplied directly to the fishermen. The questionnaire contains two sections that cover information regarding the fishermen and fishing vessels. There are sections to assess the degree of satisfaction of the fishermen regarding economic, environmental, planning, facilities, and managerial issues. 250 fishermen received the questionnaire. The data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results confirm that the fishing ports are negatively affected by a number issues, as well as management deficiencies, resulting in several weaknesses. The main issues include pollution, sedimentation, deterioration of infrastructure, and lack of port facilities. It is recommended that decision-makers should develop monitoring tools and improve infrastructure and services. Recommendations are made for future development to enable the expansion in the fishing industry and improve the sustainability of fishing ports.     

Earthquake loss estimation for the New York City Metropolitan Region

This study is a thorough risk and loss assessment of potential earthquakes in the NY–NJ–CT Metropolitan Region. This study documents the scale and extent of damage and disruption that may result if earthquakes of various magnitudes occurred in this area. Combined with a detailed geotechnical soil characterization of the region, scenario earthquakes were modeled in HAZUS (Hazards US), a standardized earthquake loss estimation methodology and modeling program. Deterministic and probabilistic earthquake scenarios were modeled and simulated, which provided intensities of ground shaking, dollar losses associated with capital (the building inventory) and subsequent income losses. This study has also implemented a detailed critical (essential) facilities analysis, assessing damage probabilities and facility functionality after an earthquake. When viewed in context with additional information about regional demographics and seismic hazards, the model and results serve as a tool to identify the areas, structures and systems with the highest risk and to quantify and ultimately reduce those risks.     

黑龙江省地震台网设备与设施管理软件

黑龙江省区域地震台网设备、设施、信道等固定资产繁杂,管理困难。利用Java语言,基于Microsoft SQL Server 2008数据库,编制黑龙江省地震台网设备与设施管理软件。实现对固定资产信息完整、准确、连续的管理,可节约人力、物力、财力,提高了台网管理水平和工作效率,对其他区域地震台网固定资产管理具有借鉴意义。     

钢筋混凝土建筑在连续震动下的壁板结构破坏程度分析

计算连续震动下钢筋混凝土建筑的壁板结构破坏程度需要对大量数据进行回归计算,不能快速、有效地确定壁板承载力,因此提出一种新型钢筋混凝土建筑在连续震动下的壁板结构破坏程度分析方法。通过确定混凝土建筑材料、钢筋材料、壁板截面与单元材料等属性参数,完成钢筋混凝土壁板结构有限元建模;通过对连续震动下破坏壁板结构的内、外力分析,确定壁板结构总体破坏程度。设计对比实验结果表明,应用新型壁板结构破坏程度分析方法能有效确定壁板抗剪承载力和抗弯承载力,避免因壁板结构失去支撑力,而造成建筑损坏现象发生。     

新形势下地震台站观测环境和设施保护浅析

党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视防震减灾工作,在广大地震工作者的努力工作下,我国的防震减灾事业取得了长足进步。但在新形势下,随着我国经济社会的高速发展,城镇化进程的加快,对地震观测环境和设施的干扰和破坏也越来越大,而地震观测环境和设施的好坏直接决定着台站观测资料的准确和可靠性。本文以临沂市几个专业地震台站近年来所遭受的干扰破坏,以及所开展的保护工作和应对措施为背景,针对所出现的问题提出了一些对策和建议。     

城市社区养老设施配置空间均衡研究

我国人口老龄化增速势头不减,存在养老服务业发展不平衡、老龄服务供给不足的矛盾。北京是较早进入老龄化的城市,提出了以居家为主的“9064”养老模式以解决养老资源缺口问题。为促进社区养老服务供给的便利化,提高老年群体对养老服务的“获得感”,本文以北京市海淀区老年人口密度较大的17个街道为研究区,采用百度POI、小区户数、高德地图和遥感影像等多源数据,对老年人口统计数据进行空间网格化,比较国家、省（市）社区养老设施的服务半径及调查所得老年人日常出行特征,引入北京市居住公共服务设施配置指标作为评价标准,应用改进型两步移动搜索算法并构建空间均衡系数,从服务覆盖率、供需比和医疗资源易获性3个方面对社区养老设施进行空间均衡研究。结果表明,研究区内社区养老驿站的数量仍有不足,不同半径下的服务覆盖率和供需比差异显著,500 m半径内的覆盖率仅为23.3%,空间分布不合理是超八成社区养老驿站供需比偏低的主要原因,基层社区卫生机构对医疗资源的易获性有积极作用;社区养老服务发展不均衡,需要进一步优化配置。     

药用矿物学探讨

近二十年来,由于多学科人士积极参与矿物药的研究,逐渐促进了一门新的应用学科－药用矿物学的产生。药用矿物学所研究的内容涉及到矿物药资源,矿物药成分,矿物药化学成分,矿物药物性,结构、炮制、古籍考证等诸多方面,药用矿物学是一门秀有发展前景的新兴学科。     

城市公共服务设施配置研究进展及趋向

公共服务设施是中国和谐宜居城市建设与人民美好生活愿望的重要构成。国内外城市公共服务设施配置的研究主题有所差异,国外研究主要关注公共服务设施配置的区位选择、可达性、空间公平和社会经济效应等方面,国内研究更加重视公共服务设施配置的优化布局、可达性、空间格局、社会分异、居民需求和满意度以及配置影响因素等内容。结合国内外研究现状的评析,论文认为中国城市公共服务设施配置研究需要加强公共服务设施配置的空间规律、社会公平、绩效评价和空间优化等方向研究。通过对国内外城市公共服务设施配置研究进展的理论总结与评述,以期促进中国城市公共服务设施配置的理论提升与科学实践。