云南地壳形变与丽江7.0级地震

本利用滇西、滇中地区大地垂直形变和跨断层短水准、短基线的监测资料进行综合分析论证，其结果表明：１９９６年２月滇西丽江７．０级地震前，该区应力场方向自１９９０年以来产生了由北东－北西的转变，震源区出现高达１０９ｍｍ的垂直差异运动１９９３－１９９６年有７５％的断层形变测点相继出现不同程度的中期、短期和临震异常。大地垂直形变与断层形变的共性演变特性，为强震的预测提供了一个较好的震例。     

土壤表面蒸发阻力模型与田间测定方法

土壤表面蒸发阻力是计算土壤蒸发率的关键参数。本文讨论土壤表面蒸发阻力的概念，一层，二层理论模型与经验模型，并以在澳大利亚进行的田测定为例，说明田间测定与计算方法，并以计算沟中的蒸发率为例，介绍其应用方法。     

地下水计算参数的测定与估计

叙述了浅层地下水资源评价中几个常用参数(给水度、降雨入渗补给系数和潜水蒸发系数)的测定和估计方法,并结合实例进行剖析.通过分析,得到几点新的认识:(1)给水度值同注水的方式有关,在实际情况中,由于农田表层土壤疏松,且有作物影响,因而其最大值会出现在地表附近;(2)用抽水试验法测定给水度,其值因孔而异;(3)降雨入渗补给系数与土壤结构和给水度的关系密切,一般随着埋深的增加,该系数随之减小;(4)不同季节和不同作物,潜水蒸发系数不同,表现在计算公式上的参数也不相同.     

三峡工程大江截流的水文技术

鉴于三峡工程大江截流水深大，流量大，工期紧，特别是截流过程中要考虑不断航因素，因此，在大江截流和二期围堰阶段的施工进程中，应充分考虑到各方面的因素，尽可能采取一切减少大江截流和二期围堰施工难度的手段和措施，其中水文测验，水文气象预报，河道观测，水文分析与计算和水力学计算等水文工作则是为顺利实施高质量大江截流的重要条件。     

遥感技术在化工环境保护中的应用

遥感技术获取的可见光、红外及微波信息，可以对化工企业及化学矿山环境污染（水、粉尘、大气、废渣污染等）及环境地质灾害（滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷等）进行实时动态监测，并可获得较高的社会经济效益，达到地面环保及常规环境地质工作难以达到的效果。特别是对重点大中型化工企业及化学矿山建立环境遥感信息动态监测系统，可以为国家决策部门及时准确地提供环境治理和改造的依据。     

砷的仪器分析方法新进展

砷是自然界中广泛存在的一种物质在工业，农业，医药等方面应用很广。笔者着重介绍了近几个来砷的仪器分析方法新进展，主要有光度法，电化学法，原子吸收法等。     

The mechanisms of shallow earthquakes and the monitoring of a comprehensive test ban

The ability of seismological criteria to identify earthquakes from underground explosions depends partly on the orientation of the earthquake source. Well-determined double-couple moment tensor solutions for a large number of earthquakes have been published in the Harvard centroid moment tensor (CMT) and United Slates Geological Survey (USGS) catalogues. Statistical analyses of these catalogues indicate that the distribution of the orientation of earthquake mechanisms is not random. The distribution of the T axes shows significant clustering around the downward vertical, indicating that a larger number of earthquake mechanisms radiate compressional P -wave energy to teleseismic distances from near the maximum of the radiation pattern than is predicted if earthquake sources are randomly oriented double couples. The clustered T axes correspond to compressional dip-slip mechanisms, and it is this type of mechanism which is believed to cause both the m _b: M _s (the ratio of body-wave to surface-wave magnitude) and first-motion criteria to misidentify an earthquake as an explosion.     

The forward problem of electromagnetic induction: accurate finite-difference approximations for two-dimensional discrete boundaries with arbitrary geometry

We describe finite-difference approximations to the equations of 2-D electromagnetic induction that permit discrete boundaries to have arbitrary geometrical relationships to the nodes. This allows finite-difference modelling with the flexibility normally ascribed to finite-element modelling. Accuracy is demonstrated by comparison with finite-element computations. We also show that related approximations lead to substantially improved accuracy in regions of steep, but not discontinuous, conductivity gradient.     

Transient electromagnetic responses in seafloor with triaxial anisotropy

Electrical anisotropy of young oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges is detectable by observation of the rate and geometry of the diffusion of electromagnetic fields. The anisotropy in electrical properties arises from the presence of conductive seawater in an interconnected network of mostly ridge-parallel cracks. In this paper, we first justify the choice of a triaxial model to represent young oceanic crust, with three distinct electrical conductivities in the vertical, strike and spreading directions. We then present an algorithm to calculate the transient electromagnetic responses generated by an electric dipole source over such a triaxially anisotropic seafloor. We show that if the transient passages are measured with three distinct electric dipole-dipole configurations, it is possible to discern all three unknown conductivities independently of each other.