大面积硅微条探测器在轨数据压缩算法的设计与实现

硅微条探测器具有位置分辨高、响应快、低噪声、低功耗等优点,广泛应用在各大加速器试验中,测量粒子径迹.新世纪以来,逐渐应用于空间探测领域.计划中的"悟空"2号暗物质粒子探测卫星的硅微条探测器将至数十万计,将产生海量的原始数据.如何实现探测器快速实时的数据压缩,是其需要解决的一大难题.立足于面向空间应用的硅微条探测器在轨实时压缩算法,算法采用FPGA (Field-programmable Gate Array)搭建流水线结构的方式实现,在提高系统集成度、节省逻辑资源的同时,批量数据处理时最高可将数据压缩率提升至38.4 M通道/s.算法结构具有通用性,设计思想和方案将为"悟空"2号的径迹探测器的研制提供参考.     

多波束声呐和侧扫声呐数据融合方法研究综述

多波束声呐系统与侧扫声呐系统均为海底面探测的重要工具,二者均采用声学方法,在工作原理上存在异同。本文简要介绍了二者的研究进展,分别对其数据处理进行了比对分析,认为多波束声呐处理方法侧重于数据的测量精度,而侧扫声呐则主要侧重于图像处理;归纳了当前二者主要的数据匹配融合方法,包括同名特征融合、基于SURF算法的匹配融合以及特征点融合,从数据采集原理上对数据融合方法进行了深入分析,发现在探头定位、单ping数据点分布以及ping之间的数据定位上存在一定的困难,即使经过一定的处理,二者采集的也非简单的平面图像,故二者的数据融合尚存在一定的难度。     

State Estimation of the North Pacific Ocean by a Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation Experiment

A four-dimensional variational data assimilation system has been applied to an experiment to describe the dynamic state of the North Pacific Ocean. A synthesis of available observational records and a sophisticated ocean general circulation model produces a dynamically consistent dataset, which, in contrast to the nudging approach, provides realistic features of the seasonally-varying ocean circulation with no artificial sources/sinks for temperature and salinity fields. This new dataset enables us to estimate heat and water mass transports in addition to the qualification of water mass formation and movement processes. A sensitivity experiment on our assimilation system reveals that the origin of the North Pacific Intermediate Water can be traced back to the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea in the subarctic region and to the subtropical Kuroshio region further south. These results demonstrate that our data assimilation system is a very powerful tool for the identification and characterization of ocean variabilities and for our understanding of the dynamic state of ocean circulation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Predictability of Interannual Variability in the Kuroshio Transport South of Japan Based on Wind Stress Data over the North Pacific

It is expected that a roughly two-year forecast of the Kuroshio transport variation can be made from a past record of wind stress data over the ocean, since it takes nearly ten years for the first-mode baroclinic Rossby wave to traverse the entire basin in the midlatitude North Pacific (∼30°N). We therefore investigated the predictability using an ocean general circulation model driven by the wind stress data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis. Referring to a hindcast experiment as the control run, we carried out fifteen forecast experiments, the initial conditions of which are taken from the hindcast experiment at intervals of two years during the period from the end of 1969 to the end of 1997. Each of the forecast experiments is driven only by wind stress in the year preceding each experiment. The forecasted Kuroshio transport anomaly south of Japan agrees better with the hindcasted one during the first two years of the forecast in most cases. In some cases, however, significant disagreements occur, most of which are likely due to larger unpredictable variations caused by wind stress anomalies near Japan. At the end of forecast year 2, the anomaly correlation coefficient is about 0.7, and rms of the forecast error is smaller than rms of the hindcasted anomaly. These results indicate that the prediction of the interannual variability in the Kuroshio transport could be made two years in advance at a statistically significant level. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Rockburst research at Falconbridge's Strathcona Mine,Sudbury, Canada

Microseismic systems at five mines in the Sudbury Basin provide the basic data for Falconbridge Limited's rockburst research. Daily and long-term analysis of this data as well as underground observations have confirmed the fault-slip mechanism at three mines. A detailed analysis of the complete history of Falconbridge Mine is being conducted and Distinct Element numerical models are being used to simulate both the stick-slip behaviour of faults and the dynamic effects of the induced vibrations on rock and backfill. University research includes acoustic tomographic imaging of the rock mass based on seismic wave propagation and collection of full microseismic waveforms to allow application of advanced seismic and statistical analysis techniques.Formerly with Mines Technical Services, Falconbridge Limited, Sudbury Operations, Falconbridge , Ont., P0M 1S0.Presented at the Fred Leighton Memorial Workshop on Mining Induced Seismicity, Montreal, Canada, August 30, 1987.     

基于社交媒体数据挖掘的旅游者情绪感知

随着智能移动终端和社交媒体的普及,带有地理标签的社交媒体数据大量涌现,其“文本—位置—时间”的多维特征使得精细时空尺度上的旅游者情绪感知成为可能。该文基于2017-2019年旅游者发布的新浪微博数据,采用BERT模型对微博数据进行文本分析,探讨旅游者情绪的时空分布规律及不同主题下旅游者的情绪特征,并分析导致旅游者产生负面情绪的相关因素。研究发现,微博中旅游者情绪呈现昼夜、周和季节性节律变化,不同性别旅游者在情绪反应强度及情绪节律上存在差异,对“天气”和“餐饮”主题易产生强烈情绪。该文提出的旅游者情绪挖掘方法可从多维度、多层次挖掘旅游者情绪特征,为旅游目的地舆情监测和预警系统提供借鉴。     

Non-Gaussian distribution and clustering of hot and cold pixels in the five-year WMAP sky

We present measurements of the clustering of hot and cold patches in the microwave background sky as measured from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe 5-year data. These measurements are compared with theoretical predictions which assume that the cosmological signal obeys Gaussian statistics. We find significant differences from the simplest Gaussian-based prediction. However, the measurements are sensitive to the fact that the noise is spatially inhomogeneous (e.g. because different parts of the sky were observed for different lengths of time). We show how to account for this spatial inhomogeneity when making predictions. Differences from the Gaussian-based expectation remain even after this more careful accounting of the noise. In particular, we note that hot and cold pixels cluster differently within the same temperature thresholds at few-degree scales. While these findings may indicate primordial non-Gaussianity, we discuss other plausible explanations for these discrepancies. In addition, we find some deviations from Gaussianity at sub-degree scales, especially in the W band, whose origin may be associated with extragalactic dust emission.     

天然气水合物战略形势图服务组件设计与实现

为加强天然气水合物勘探开发相关数据的利用率和可视化共享,提出了功能模块组合的概念,结合GIS技术和全文检索,将功能单元构建了天然气水合物战略形势图服务组件系统集成框架。在阐述了数据类型和图层组合的基础上,提出了基于C/S架构、组件的开发模式,利用GIS技术,Skyline Globe软件和海量图形显示技术进行了系统设计。结合实例,验证了天然气水合物战略形势图服务组件系统方面的有效性。     

基于GF5-AHSI遥感数据的横沙浅海水深反演

高光谱遥感水深反演是一种对传统水深测量方法的补充,具有方便、快捷、经济等突出优势。本文研究区位于上海横沙,属于典型滩涂浅水区,研究数据包括GF5-AHSI高光谱遥感数据和同时期的水深数据。通过数据变换和相关分析等方法提取建模参数,利用单波段比值模型、多元线性回归模型、最优标度回归模型和BP神经网络模型实现该区域水深反演,并对4种模型反演结果的准确性进行了验证和比较。研究发现：最优标度回归模型优于其他3种模型,R2达到了0.972,RMSE为0.47 m,适用于横沙浅海水深反演。     

高频电力线信息传输的电机模型与仿真

研究在电机驱动系统中,电力线通信的建模问题,着重讨论在高频时电机输入阻抗的特性下,电机模型的建立.通过实验测量得到电机和电力线在频率100 kHz～40 MHz的输入阻抗特性曲线,并分析高频输入阻抗的谐振特点.在Matlab中,提出基于阻抗公式的分析法、最小均方值误差估计法以及最优化方法进行模型的参数识别,将得到的参数代入模型中可以得到电机的阻抗模型.电机模型的精确度可以通过仿真曲线和测量曲线的逼近程度看出,从结果看仿真得到的阻抗曲线跟实际测量的阻抗曲线走向基本一致.