SPATIAL-TEMPORAL VARIATION OF HEAVY METAL ELEMENTS CONTENT IN COVERING SOIL OF RECLAMATION AREA IN FUSHUN COAL MINE

Grid method is employed for sampling covering soil at the test field, which is reclamation area filled bycoal mining wastes for cropland in the Fushun coal mine, Liaoning Province, the Northeast China. The soil samples aretaken at different locations, including three kinds of covering soil, three different depths of soil layers and four differentcovering ages of covering soil. The spatial-temporal variation of heavy metal element content in reclamation soil is studied. The results indicate that the content of heavy metal elements is decreasing year after year; the determinant reasonwhy the content of heavy metal elements at 60cm depth layer is higher than that at 30em depth layer and surface is fertilizer and manure apphcation; the metal elements mainly come from external environment; there is no metal pollution comingfrom mother material (coal mining wastes) in plough layer of covering soil.     

基于空间组合特征的农村居民点重构方向识别

基于湖北省大冶市陈贵镇2012年土地利用变更调查数据,运用核密度估计和空间热点探测法,分析镇域农村居民点空间分布特征,提出一种顾及居民点密度与规模组合特征的农村居民点重构方向识别方法。根据密度与规模的空间组合特征,将全镇农村居民点划分为7种类型,结合改进成本距离测算大规模居民点区有效覆盖范围,提出了城镇化集中型、中心村建设型、协同整治型和内部改造型4种重构模式,明确了规模与密度特征导向下的农村居民点的整治重心和重构方向。     

建设项目压覆矿业权及矿产地应用研究与系统实现

针对矿政管理工作中的需要,研究设计建设项目压覆矿业权及矿产地应用系统,以Arc GIS作为GIS的开发平台,Oracle作为数据库,运用GIS空间分析功能,对收集的山东省探矿权、采矿权、矿产地、遥感、基础地理等数据资料,配准整合和数据整理后的数据进行分析研究,使这些数据在"一张图"上显示,实现数据的对比研究分析。通过统一数据标准、统一发布服务,实现矿产数据的共享应用。该系统为矿政的综合管理提供了公共基础平台,解决了矿政管理工作中数据独立,无法协同提供服务的难题。     

环渤海沿岸海表温度资料的均一性检验与订正

本文对环渤海沿岸具有代表性且资料完整的6个海洋观测站的月均海表温度(SST)序列作均一性检验和订正。我国海洋观测站密集度低,难以选择参考序列,本文首先采用不依赖参考序列的惩罚最大F检验(PMFT)方法对SST序列检验,利用详尽的元数据对检验结果进行确认,再对不连续点订正,该方法适用于元数据详尽的海洋观测站。对于元数据不详尽的观测站,使用惩罚最大T检验(PMT)方法,选取与海洋台站距离近且相关显著的气象观测站的均一化地面气温序列来制作参考序列,对SST序列进行检验和订正。结果表明,环渤海地区SST序列都存在一定非均一性,观测站较大距离迁移和观测系统变更(从人工观测到自动化观测)是造成非均一性的重要原因。订正后的环渤海地区年平均SST增温趋势更加明显。本文使用不同方法来检验SST序列的均一性,该思路对沿海其他海区观测站SST均一性检验和订正有一定参考价值和应用前景,可为沿海气候变化研究提供科学准确的第一手资料。     

A long‐range and high‐resolution underwater acoustic positioning system

Abstract

It is desired to track the location of an underwater data collecting platform using acoustic range data. A long‐range and high‐resolution acoustic system for underwater locating has been investigated. The system provides continuous and highly accurate tracking of a platform referenced to bottom‐mounted buoys. Each reference buoy contains an acoustic transponder, which is used to obtain ranging data from the transponder to the platform. The transponder has a signal source that is phase‐modulated by a maximal‐length binary sequence and a correlation processing unit to be capable of detecting received acoustic signals with high SNR in a noisy environment or in attenuation due to long‐range propagation, and to identify multipath acoustic signals. The acoustic system has been designed and sea tests tried. The results of that experiment have yielded capability of a submeter underwater acoustic positioning system.     

Homogenization and trend analysis of 1960–2015 in situ sea surface temperature observations along the coast of China

Sea surface temperature(SST) measurements from 26 coastal hydrological stations of China during 1960–2015 were homogenized and analyzed in this study. The homogenous surface air temperature(SAT) series from meteorological stations which were highly correlated to SST series was used to construct the reference series.Monthly mean SST series were then derived and subjected to a statistical homogeneity test, called penalized maximal t test. Homogenized monthly mean SST series were obtained by adjusting all significant change points which were supported by historic metadata information. Results show that the majority of break points are caused by instrument change and station relocation, which accounts for about 61.3% and 24.2% of the total break points,respectively. The regionally averaged annual homogeneous SST series from the 26 stations shows a warming trend(0.19°C per decade). This result is consistent with that based on the homogenized annual mean SAT at the same region(0.22°C per decade), while the regionally averaged mean original SST series from the same stations shows a much weaker warming of 0.09°C per decade for 1960–2015. This finding suggests that the effects of artificial change points on the result of trend analysis are remarkable, and the warming rate from original SST observations since 1960 may be underestimated. Thus a high quality homogenized observation is crucial for robust detection and assessment of regional climate change. Furthermore, the trends of the seasonal mean homogenized SST were also analyzed. This work confirmed that there was an asymmetric seasonal temperature trends in the Chinese coastal water in the past decades, with the largest warming rate occurring in winter. At last,the significant warming in winter and its relationships to the variability of three large-scale atmospheric modes were investigated.     

热带印度洋海温异常与ENSO关系的进一步研究

用1955年1月-2001年12月美国Scripps海洋研究所的海温再分析资料、美国NCEP再分析资料和美国气候预测中心(CPC)资料,讨论了热带太平洋ENSO与热带印度洋海温距平以及与印度洋偶极子(Dipole)的关系,研究结果发现:在垂直最大温度距平曲面(MTAL)上,热带印度洋海温距平分布存在着与热带太平洋ENSO密切相关的Dipole现象,其中最大的相关在太平洋ENSO 超前印度洋Dipole一个月.但是,热带印度洋Dipole的分布与Saij定义的位置略有不同,为东北西南向,它们分别在6°-10°S、65°-75°E(西印度洋)和2°-6°N、85°-95°E(东印度洋),它是赤道印度洋的一个主要海温距平系统.另外,在热带印度洋东北部与ENSO相关的海温距平是一个上下不一致的系统,该海温距平并没有伸展到海面,从海面到20-50 m的浅薄水层,则为与赤道西南印度洋相同符号的海温距平分布.因此在海面,海温距平不存在与ENSO有关的Dipole现象,赤道印度洋Dipole只存在于次表层以下,这是赤道印度洋Dipole与ENSO不同之处.这种赤道东北印度洋表层与赤道西南印度洋表层同符号的海温距平现象,有可能是海气热力过程如感热过程造成的.热带印度洋Dipole的周期要小于El Nio,一般为1-6 a.     

数据扩展的相容性判定问题

以概念格为工具,讨论数据扩展引起的相容性问题.将数据作为概念格中的对象,在给定数据基本集并假设数据特征一定的条件下,考虑数据扩展相容性问题,解决了数据扩展的相容性判定问题并给出了相应的判定定理.目的是使在特征一定的情况下,数据对象达到最大化.     

砖砌体墙片抗震修复与加固伪静力试验

对在各种压应力下的240标准砖墙片、试验之前及试验开裂以后用GFRP粘贴墙面和增加钢筋网砂浆面层方法加固的墙片，采用伪静力装置水平加载方法，检验加固的效果。试验证明了对于砂浆强度很低的砌体，GFRP加固能有效增强砌体抗震整体性，具有等效于提高砂浆强度的效果，要提高抗裂和极限承载力则GFRP的厚度应满足其抗拉能力大于砌体的抗剪能力。对于到达过极限承载力破坏后的墙片，GFRP加固能使得墙片基本恢复到原有的最大承载力。而钢筋网砂浆面层加固能有效提高砌体的抗震能力。     

昔格达土混合填料最优含水量研究

昔格达地层的沉积地质历史环境决定了昔格达地层的多旋回性及其泥岩的近饱和特性。因此昔格达土填料作为一种混合填料，具有与其它一般单一岩土填料不一样的工程特征。随着混合填料中各组分的变化，尤其是粘粒百分含量的变化，其含水量也将发生变化，对直接填料最优含水量的确定带来困难。而最优含水量的确定，既是路、坝基填方工程选料的需要，也是工程施工质量检验的需要。因此，填料最优含水量的研究具有一定的工程意义和实践价值。文章运用工程地质反分析的方法，从昔格达土的物理性质着手，通过对昔格达土混合填料工程力学性质特性与其含水量的关系的研究，发现昔格达土混合填料的最大干密度Pdmax、压实度及力学强度(c、Ф)值与含水量之间具有较好的相关性。从而得到了昔格达混合填料的最优含水量，并且这个最优含水量与随机混合的昔格达土填料的天然含水量较为接近。由此得出具有稳定混合比的天然昔格达土混合填料适于用作路、坝基填料的结论。并为工程选料和施工质量检验提供了参考依据。