基于SIFT的无人机遥感影像匹配算法研究

无人机遥感影像存在像幅小、数量多、基线短、重叠度不规则且倾角过大等问题,传统的灰度匹配很难胜任无人机遥感影像的匹配。SIFT特征具有旋转、微小仿射的不变性。本文分析SIFT特征的优点,指出其存在的问题,结合灰度匹配、最小二乘匹配及影像金字塔策略,提出了一套适合无人机遥感影像的匹配算法流程。     

VLL影像匹配的线路地形断面测绘方法

针对使用现有全数字摄影测量手段从航空影像中提取线路地形断面,存在高程精度低、劳动强度高以及自动化程度低等缺点,本文在已有数字高程模型(DEM)等数据基础上,采用铅垂线轨迹法(VLL)结合最小二乘匹配以及概率松弛法进行线路地形断面测绘。实验证明,采用本文方法得到的断面精度要优于全数字摄影测量手段所得到的断面,能够满足实际工程的需求。     

一种无人机视频帧自动拼接方法

无人机视频帧具有低对比度和色彩可读性差等缺点,为了解决这些问题并从视频中自动获取视频帧,本文提出一种无人机视频帧自动拼接方法。首先介绍相位相关理论,并推导出指定重叠度视频帧提取公式,在此基础上进行指定重叠度视频帧的自动提取;最后利用改进的SURF算法完成视频帧的匹配和拼接。实验结果表明本文采用的方法能实现视频帧的自动提取和快速拼接。     

基于无人机图像的密集匹配方法研究

本文提出了一种基于FAST算法的无人机图像密集匹配,使用FAST算法提取两图像的特征点,并使用归一化互相关算法实现两特征点点集的匹配,然后根据初匹配的结果采用RANSAC算法鲁棒地估算出基本矩阵和单应矩阵;采用极线约束和单应约束通过归一化互相关关系稳健匹配出所有点。实验表明,该密集匹配方法结果令人满意。     

基于特征匹配的月球撞击坑自动提取研究

本文提出了一种基于特征匹配的撞击坑自动提取算法,该算法以单个撞击坑的5个典型影像特征为依据,用最大类间方差法将月面影像分割为暗区、亮区和背景3类;再使用区域生长将离散点聚合,通过特征匹配找出属于同一撞击坑的暗区与亮区,并利用八方向Sobel算子获取边缘控制点并拟合边缘。经过"嫦娥一号"和"嫦娥二号"部分遥感影像的验证,该算法对于纬度较高地区的月面影像提取效果较好,已成功应用到数字月球平台进行全月展示。     

Three-image matching. For 3-D linear object tracking

This paper will discuss strategies for trinocular image rectification and matching for linear object tracking. It is well known that a pair of stereo images generates two epipolar images. Three overlapped images can yield six epipolar images in situations where any two are required to be rectified for the purpose of image matching. In this case, the search for feature correspondences is computationally intensive and matching complexity increases. A special epipolar image rectification for three stereo images, which simplifies the image matching process, is therefore proposed. This method generates only three rectified images, with the result that the search for matching features becomes more straightforward. With the three rectified images, a particular line-segment-based correspondence strategy is suggested. The primary characteristics of the feature correspondence strategy include application of specific epipolar geometric constraints and reference to three-ray triangulation residuals in object space.     

Automatic road change detection and GIS updating from high spatial remotely-sensed imagery

This paper presents a framework for road network change detection in order to update the Canadian National Topographic DataBase (NTDB). The methodology has been developed on the basis of road extraction from IRS-pan images (with a 5.8 m spatial resolution) by using a wavelet approach. The feature matching and conflation techniques are used to road change detection and updating. Elementary experiments have showed that the proposed framework could be used for developing an operational road database updating system.     

Automatic searching of control point in NOAA AVHRR image

This paper discusses the approaches for automatical searching of control points in the NOAA AVHRR image on the basis of data rearrangement in the form of latitude and longitude grid. The vegetation index transformation and multi-level matching strategies have been proven effective and successful as the experiments show while the control point database is established.     

Shape similarity measures of linear entities

The essential of feature matching technology lies in how to measure the similarity of spatial entities. Among all the possible similarity measures, the shape similarity measure is one of the most important measures because it is easy to collect the necessary parameters and it is also well matched with the human intuition. In this paper a new shape similarity measure of linear entities based on the differences of direction change along each line is presented and its effectiveness is illustrated.     

Sediment jamming of a trunk stream by hyperconcentrated floods from small tributaries: case of the Upper Yellow River,China

ABSTRACT

The tributary–trunk stream relationship is investigated with respect to hyperconcentrated flows and coupled wind–water processes in the Yellow River, China. Ten small tributaries that drain only 3% of the total drainage area of the trunk stream transport large amounts of relatively coarse sediment from the desert to the trunk stream during hyperconcentrated floods. The resultant strong sedimentation often jams the trunk stream, leading to serious disasters. This study reveals the cause of this interesting phenomenon and proposes countermeasures for disaster reduction. A typical sediment-jamming event (SJE) in July 1989 was thoroughly analysed based on the observational data, including the beginning, development and final stages of the event. An index of the geomorphologic effectiveness of the tributary on the trunk stream and a number of indices describing SJEs and the influencing factors are adopted, based on which a discrimination relationship for the occurrence of SJEs is established and some statistical relationships are also established. The SJE’s hydrological and geomorphologic impacts are discussed at short timescales (from several days to one month) and at long time scales (up to 46 years). The results may help to gain a new insight into the study of the tributary–trunk stream relationship, and provide useful information for sediment management and disaster-reduction planning in the drainage basin. Countermeasures are suggested to reduce the channel sedimentation and the risk of sediment-jamming disaters.

Editor M.C. Acreman Associate editor Q. Zhang