围海造陆条件下排海高温浓盐水对渤海湾温盐场分布影响模拟及预测

自2000年以来围绕渤海湾的围海工程剧增,致使工程区附近潮流场发生变化,进而影响排海高温浓盐水的时空分布特征。本文通过建立2000年和2015年两种不同岸线、地形条件下的三维数学模型对渤海湾沿岸3个电厂高温浓盐水表层排海问题进行模拟,研究结果表明,渤海湾的潮流场和高温浓盐水输移扩散特征在近十几年发生了较大变化:工程后,渤海湾平均盐度增大0.203,平均温度升高了0.105℃,同时曹妃甸附近海域浓盐水输移扩散速度明显增加。增大排放口流量至12.7 m3/s,湾内最高温度为26.46℃,较2015年最高温度增加了2.72℃。本文模型可准确模拟及预测排海废水盐度、温度分布特征,为合理布置水电联产设备排放口的位置提供理论基础。     

西南印度洋中脊表层沉积物非碳酸盐组分的粒度特征及其地质意义

The carbonate-free fraction of 20 surface sediments collected from the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge(SWIR) was studied by grain size analysis and mineralogical analysis with X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),stereo microscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The characteristics of the carbonate-free fraction of the sediments were obtained, and related influential factors were discussed. The results show that the mean grain size of this fraction is in 1.96Φ–8.19Φ, with poorly sorting and unimodal, bimodal or irregular bimodal distribution patterns. Four grain size end members of the fraction are derived with the End Member Model method. The finest end member EM1 shows a significant contribution of terrigenous materials of the aeolian input and sediment carried by the bottom current. End member EM2 with medium size mainly reflects sediment of a siliceous bioclast origin. EM3 and EM4 are interpreted as representing the coarser volcanic materials related to bedrock weathering or volcanic activities. Multi-provenance is the dominant factor controlling the grain size pattern of the carbonate-free fraction of the sediments in that area. In addition, sediment transport processes such as the bottom current and wind are the minor factors that influence the grain size distribution of the carbonate-free fraction sediments.     

An interpretation of wave refraction and its influence on foreshore sediment distribution

To analyze the grain size and depositional environment of the foreshore sediments, a study was undertaken on wave refraction along the wide sandy beaches of central Tamil Nadu coast. The nearshore waves approach the coast at 45° during the northeast(NE) monsoon, at 135° during the southwest(SW) monsoon and at 90° during the non-monsoon or fair-weather period with a predominant wave period of 8 and 10 s. A computer based wave refraction pattern is constructed to evaluate the trajectories of shoreward propagating waves along the coast in different seasons. The convergent wave rays during NE monsoon, leads to high energy wave condition which conveys a continuous erosion at foreshore region while divergent and inept condition of rays during the SW and non-monsoon, leads to moderate and less energy waves that clearly demarcates the rebuilt beach sediments through littoral sediment transport. The role of wave refraction in foreshore deposits was understood by grain size and depositional environment analysis. The presence of fine grains with the mixed population, during the NE monsoon reveals that the high energy wave condition and sediments were derived from beach and river environment. Conversely, the presence of medium grains with uniform population, during SW and non-monsoon attested less turbulence and sediments were derived from prolong propagation of onshore-offshore wave process.These upshots are apparently correlated with the in situ beach condition. On the whole, from this study it is understood that beaches underwent erosion during the NE monsoon and restored its original condition during the SW and non-monsoon seasons that exposed the stability of the beach and nearshore condition.     

杭州湾及其邻近海域表层沉积物的沉积环境分区及重金属污染特征分析

于2017年春季和2018年春季,分两个航次,在杭州湾及其邻近海域采集了表层沉积物样品,并对其粒度组成及重金属含量进行了测定。结果表明,研究区域表层沉积物的粒级组成以砂和粉砂为主,平均占比分别为38.0%和55.4%。根据粒级组成的区域分布特征,将研究区域分为长江河口现代沉积区(Ⅰ-1)、钱塘江河口现代沉积区(Ⅰ-2)、长江羽状锋面积聚区(Ⅱ-1)、长江次级锋面积聚区(Ⅱ-2)、岛屿风化影响区(Ⅲ)、残留砂混合沉积区(Ⅳ)等4大类6个亚区。通过比较不同区域重金属含量发现,总体分布趋势为Ⅱ-1区和Ⅱ-2区含量较高,Ⅰ-2区和Ⅳ区含量较低,Ⅰ-1区和Ⅳ区相对居中。单因子污染指数评价结果显示,Ⅱ-1区和Ⅱ-2区的Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Cd、Hg已呈现出污染态势,需引起关注;Cr则未呈现出污染态势。     

Sandy gravel accumulation in a fluvial environment

Particle size, pebble shape, pebble fabric, discharge and flow velocity data are used to introduce a model of sandy gravel formation in Welsh gravel-bed rivers. The development of contact-imbrication of the typically very bladed and very platy cobbles and larger pebbles subsequently acts to significantly affect the depositional modes and patterns of small pebbles and sand particles. An important distinction is drawn between sand deposition, which can occur at or below the bed surface, and pebble and cobble deposition, which is merely a surface phenomenon.     

利用MODIS资料遥感水体上空气溶胶粒子尺度的数值试验

利用卫星探测辐射的光谱依赖性来反演大气气溶胶粒子尺度分布,首先要建立反演算法并检验其可行性。本文参照文献[1]对暗的海洋上空MODIS资料的处理方法,针对大陆水库上空卫星探测MODIS辐射信号,利用6S(Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum)辐射模式建立一个查算表(Look-up table:LUT)来反演大气气溶胶粒子尺度分布;然后通过数值试验对所建立的查算表进行检验,讨论其方法的可行性。数值试验结果表明,查算表对大陆性气溶胶尺度分布有反演能力,但拟合误差sεl值随着气溶胶光学厚度的增加而增加。     

闪电产生氮氧化物(LNOX)及其输送过程的模式计算

利用三维强风暴动力电耦合模式,模拟分析了一次雷暴过程中放电活动特征及平流和湍流对LNOX的输送特征。结果表明,在中部负电荷区域的上边缘,对应上升气流区外围、水平流场中心部位的区域,因为放电传输距离较长,所以强放电区主要落在这些部位,且向上传输。在负电荷中心区也有少数放电点,但传输距离较短。闪电产生的氮氧化物逸出闪道后,被云中平流和湍流输送,最后在弱流场区域内形成LNOX浓度中心,峰值达9×10-9。LNOX的输送主要以平流为主,但在云底层及雷暴消散阶段,湍流输送也起重要作用。在雷暴云消亡期,LNOX的峰值为2.7×10-9,比晴天值大1个量级。     

基于双偏振雷达和降水现象仪的郑州“7·20”极端强降水微物理特征分析

利用降水现象仪、双偏振雷达、常规气象观测资料和再分析数据,分析了郑州“7·20”极端强降水过程的微物理特征。此次过程受多尺度天气系统的共同影响,为复杂多变的降水微物理特征提供了有利的环境条件。结果表明,此次过程地面雨滴谱分布随时间存在明显变化,雨滴谱参数分布较广,覆盖了从大陆性对流降水至海洋性对流降水的分布区域。20日16—17时最强降水时段,小粒子数密度显著高于东亚地区普通对流性降水的统计结果和华南地区夏季平均值,且存在大量大粒子,保证了极高的降水效率。双偏振雷达参量的垂直结构反演结果显示,对流系统质心低,具有典型的暖云特征;0 ℃层以上冰相过程相对活跃,0 ℃层以下强烈的暖雨过程,大量的冰相粒子落下并融化和低层高效率的雨滴碰并增长过程,导致各尺度高浓度雨滴的生成,最终形成地面的极端强降水。     

端元分析模型在长江口邻近海域沉积物粒度数据反演方面的应用

海洋沉积物粒度分布曲线往往同时具有多个峰,而且同一类型沉积物因时间和空间上的不同其粒度分布曲线峰的位置也不同,沉积物粒度分布多峰的特点反映了沉积物不同的输运形式和沉降过程[1,2].因此,在沉积物的粒度分布数据中保存了有关沉积物输运和沉降的信息,而获得这些信息对于揭示沉积区域水动力特性、沉积物输运和沉降规律具有重要的意义.     

吕宋冷涡时空特征概况

本文在收集南海以及台湾周边海域1900~2004年共105a的海洋调查资料,按0.5°×0.5°网格进行温盐计算统计分析,制作了逐月平面、断面分布图的基础上,参考相关文献和海洋水文图集,阐明了吕宋冷涡的空间、季节特点及其变化规律。中尺度涡对海洋科学、舰艇航行及国防建设等都有重要的学术意义和实际应用意义。