全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3884篇 |
免费 | 495篇 |
国内免费 | 913篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 118篇 |
大气科学 | 254篇 |
地球物理 | 667篇 |
地质学 | 2118篇 |
海洋学 | 640篇 |
天文学 | 657篇 |
综合类 | 190篇 |
自然地理 | 648篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 10篇 |
2023年 | 41篇 |
2022年 | 87篇 |
2021年 | 111篇 |
2020年 | 156篇 |
2019年 | 158篇 |
2018年 | 122篇 |
2017年 | 152篇 |
2016年 | 175篇 |
2015年 | 172篇 |
2014年 | 213篇 |
2013年 | 240篇 |
2012年 | 188篇 |
2011年 | 214篇 |
2010年 | 184篇 |
2009年 | 257篇 |
2008年 | 270篇 |
2007年 | 277篇 |
2006年 | 275篇 |
2005年 | 269篇 |
2004年 | 209篇 |
2003年 | 202篇 |
2002年 | 163篇 |
2001年 | 161篇 |
2000年 | 137篇 |
1999年 | 153篇 |
1998年 | 132篇 |
1997年 | 86篇 |
1996年 | 82篇 |
1995年 | 79篇 |
1994年 | 47篇 |
1993年 | 51篇 |
1992年 | 33篇 |
1991年 | 28篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 49篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 18篇 |
1986年 | 18篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有5292条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
981.
982.
异波折板多段两相厌氧城市污水处理工艺试验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
提出了异波折板多段两相厌氧城市污水处理工艺。通过反应器内异波折板的结构设计、液相流速设计和系统内生物相的分段调控,在提高传质效率的同时,使不同种群微生物的生化活性得到明显改善,有机污染物去除效率显著提高。实验结果表明,当水力停留时间大于10 h时,COD的去除率可达90%以上,而且受温度影响很小。 相似文献
983.
据世界冰川监测处(WGMS)收集,编辑和出版的全球冰川物质平衡序列资料,用序列平均滑动t检验,探测了北半球20a以上长序列33条冰川的10a尺度突变。结果表明,突变发生年代的区域特征与气候环流背景突变很相近。证实冰川年物质平衡序列反映气候背景突出的能力与灵敏性。 相似文献
984.
The Storgangen orebody is a concordantly layered, sill-like body of ilmenite-rich norite, intruding anorthosites of the Rogaland Intrusive Complex (RIC), SW Norway. 17 zircon grains were separated from ca. 5 kg of sand-size flotation waste collected from the on-site repository from ilmenite mining. These zircons were analysed for major and trace elements by electron microprobe, and for U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopes by laser ablation microprobe plasma source mass spectrometry. Eight of the zircons define a well-constrained (MSWD=0.37) concordant population with an age of 949±7 Ma, which is significantly older than the 920–930 Ma ages previously reported for zircon inclusions in orthopyroxene megacrysts from the RIC. The remaining zircons, interpreted as inherited grains, show a range of 207Pb/206Pb ages up to 1407±14 Ma, with an upper intercept age at ca. 1520 Ma. The concordant zircons have similar trace element patterns, and a mean initial Hf isotope composition of 176Hf/177Hf949 Ma=0.28223±5 (Hf=+2±2). This is similar to the Hf-isotope composition of zircons in a range of post-tectonic Sveconorwegian granites from South Norway, and slightly more radiogenic than expected for mid-Proterozoic juvenile crust. The older, inherited zircons show Lu–Hf crustal residence ages in the range 1.85–2.04 Ga. One (undated) zircon plots well within the field of Hf isotope evolution of Paleoproterozoic rocks of the Baltic Shield. These findings indicate the presence of Paleoproterozoic components in the deep crust of the Rogaland area, but do not demonstrate that such rocks, or a Sveconorwegian mantle-derived component, contributed significantly to the petrogenesis of the RIC. If the parent magma was derived from a homogeneous, lower crustal mafic granulite source, the lower crustal protolith must be at least 1.5 Ga old, and it must have an elevated Rb/Sr ratio. This component would be indistinguishable in Sr, Nd and Hf isotopes from some intermediate mixtures between Sveconorwegian mantle and Paleoprotoerzoic felsic crust, but it cannot account for the initial 143Nd/144Nd of the most primitive, late Sveconorwegian granite in the region, without the addition of mantle-derived material. 相似文献
985.
A correct knowledge of fracture patterns previous to quarrying is important for economical exploitation. This work comprises the general characterization of the discontinuities of 10 granite rock masses in NE Portugal. During the study some discontinuity characteristics such as orientation, persistence, aperture, trace length and spacing were evaluated. The differences in the characteristics of the selected granites were described, and the most important exploration factors were identified. In the granites studied, most of the joints are oriented from N10°E to N50°E, which is compatible with the regional fracture pattern. Concerning joint termination, the XX type is common, while the RR type is rare; the persistence index ranges from 3.5% to 25.4%. Closed joints are predominant in the granites studied (> 72.4%), and openings of the others are about 1–2 mm as a result of superficial displacement of the granite blocks. The percentage of filled joints, usually by quartz and pegmatite, is different from one granite to another, but most are < 20%. The average joint length ranges from 11.1 m in post-tectonics granites to 4.6 m in syntectonic granites. Joint spacing varies from 0.98 to 2.8 m with higher values in post-tectonic granites. Joint-space distributions of the granites studied are close to log-normal and exponential distributions. Volumetric joint count (Jv) ranges from 0.8 to 2.1 joints/m3 and is used for categorizing the places of each granite. The relationships between Jv and other joint characteristics, such as length, spacing and number of joint sets, were investigated. A Granite Fracturing Index (GFI) is introduced, computed on the basis of volumetric joint count, number of joint sets and true joint spacing. The GFI classification of studied places allows us evaluate the suitability for profitable exploitation. 相似文献
986.
激光探针质谱分析碳酸盐碳、氧同位素技术 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
用激光显微装置和MAT 2 5 1质谱计原位分析碳酸盐的碳、氧同位素 ,与常规酸解法有同样的分析精度(标准偏差 0 .0 6‰~ 0 .0 8‰ ) ,δ1 3 C值无明显差异 ,而δ1 8O值比酸解法偏负约 1.11‰~ 1.2 3‰ ,可能是温度效应的结果 ,可以进行系统校正。 相似文献
987.
988.
989.
CHANG Jian LI Dan QIU Nansheng ZHU Chuanqing ZHONG Ningning FENG Qianqian ZHANG Haizu WANG Xiang 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(4):1308-1322
The uncertainty surrounding the thermal regimes of the ultra-deep strata in the Tarim and Sichuan basins, China, is unfavorable for further hydrocarbon exploration. This study summarizes and contrasts the present-day and paleo heat flow, geothermal gradient and deep formation temperatures of the Tarim and Sichuan basins. The average heat flow of the Tarim and Sichuan basins are 42.5 ± 7.6 mW/m2 and 53.8 ± 7.6 mW/m2, respectively, reflecting the characteristics of ‘cold’ and ‘warm’ basins. The geothermal gradient with unified depths of 0–5,000 m, 0–6,000 m and 0–7,000 m in the Tarim Basin are 21.6 ± 2.9 °C/km, 20.5 ± 2.8 °C/km and 19.6 ± 2.8 °C/km, respectively, while the geothermal gradient with unified depths of 0–5,000 m, 0–6,000m and 0–7,000 m in the Sichuan Basin are 21.9 ± 2.3 °C/km, 22.1 ± 2.5 °C/km and 23.3 ± 2.4 °C/km, respectively. The differential change of the geothermal gradient between the Tarim and Sichuan basins with depth probably results from the rock thermal conductivity and heat production rate. The formation temperatures at depths of 6,000 m, 7,000 m, 8,000 m, 9,000 m and 10,000 m in the Tarim Basin are 80°C–190°C, 90°C–220°C, 100°C–230°C, 110°C–240°C and 120°C–250°C, respectively, while the formation temperatures at depths of 6,000 m, 7,000 m, 8,000 m and 9,000 m in the Sichuan Basin are 120°C–200°C, 140°C–210°C, 160°C–260°C and 180°C–280°C, respectively. The horizontal distribution pattern of the ultra-deep formation temperatures in the Tarim and Sichuan basins is mainly affected by the basement relief, fault activity and hydrothermal upwelling. The thermal modeling revealed that the paleo-heat flow in the interior of the Tarim Basin decreased since the early Cambrian with an early Permian abrupt peak, while that in the Sichuan Basin experienced three stages of steady state from Cambrian to early Permian, rapidly rising at the end of the early Permian and declining since the late Permian. The thermal regime of the Sichuan Basin was always higher than that of the Tarim Basin, which results in differential oil and gas generation and conservation in the ultra-deep ancient strata. This study not only promotes theoretical development in the exploration of ultra-deep geothermal fields, but also plays an important role in determining the maturation phase of the ultra-deep source rocks and the occurrence state of hydrocarbons in the Tarim and Sichuan basins. 相似文献
990.
建立了多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪对Cd标准溶液同位素组成进行分析的实验方法。仪器的质量分馏校正采用Standard-Sample Bracketing法。实验结果用δ114/110Cd来表达。在此研究基础上,以SPEX Cd标准溶液为参考标准,对国外4种Cd标准溶液进行了测定。结果表明,实验测定的精度在0.07‰~0.13‰(δ114/110Cd),与目前文献报道的结果具有相似的精度。以最新SPEX Cd标准样品(δ114/110Cd=0)为基准,计算的δ114/110CdJMC、δ114/110CdSPEX-1、δ114/110CdBAM1012和δ114/110CdM櫣nster的值分别为0.55‰、0.56‰、-0.65‰和5.14‰,说明不同批次SPEX标准溶液的Cd同位素组成是明显不同的,最新的SPEX Cd标准溶液与SPEX-1 Cd的δ114/110Cd值存在着0.56‰的差别。将以SPEX Cd为参考标准的δ114/110CdBAM1012和δ114/110CdM櫣nster转化为以SPEX-1或JMC为参考标准后,得到的结果与文献报道的结果在误差范围内一致。 相似文献