The Role of Residential Location in Conditioning the Effect of Metropolitan Economic Structure on Male Youth Employment

Youths have increasingly experienced labor market problems over the last several decades. One fruitful line of explanation focuses on structural changes in the demand for labor stemming from deindustrialization, changing skill requirements for employees, and increasing supply competition from women and recent immigrants. While these explanations merit attention, they have not adequately considered facts that condition their impact. This paper considers the argument that intra-metropolitan residential location conditions the effects of metropolitan labor market structure on black and white male youths' employment probabilities. Using a sample of individual-level data drawn from the 1990 census combined with metropolitan-level indicators of economic structure, it was found that some structural effects varied between central-city and suburban male youths. The conditioning role of residential location, and the subsequent nature of the structural effects, varied considerably between black and white male youths. Interpretations of the conditioning role of residential location include a variety of social and institutional effects on individual residents and the stigmatizing effects of some neighborhoods, especially on black male youths.     

试论大连市旅游资源开发中的市场定位

从大连市旅游资源特点和目前旅游市场需求状况出发,分析了大连市旅游资源开发中不同层次的市场定位,为合理开发丰富的旅游资源、使优势充分转化为经济效益科学依据。     

重庆市都市区人口、资源、环境与经济系统协调发展探析

人口、资源、环境与经济系统的协调是城市经济系统可持续发展的核心．但系统协调度的量化具有高度的复杂性、开放性和不确定性。以重庆市都市区为例，采用协调度模型(公式)计算出1996～2001年各年的协调度值，并结合重庆市实际对协调度进行了等级划分和判识，结果表明：从1996～2001年系统协调度呈现由极不协调到不协调到弱协调的变化趋势，同时也表明系统协调度总体水平尚低。最后提出了促进重庆市都市区系统协调发展的若干对策建议。     

城市空间结构演变的空间过程和动力因子分析

城市空间结构是城市地理学、城市规划学的核心研究内容之一。城市空间结构的演变作为一个十分复杂的社会现象，一直受到各方面学者的关注。通过着重分析城市空间结构演变的主要空间过程：空间竞争、空间演替、空间扩散、空间均衡等，并对这些空间经济过程做出横向分析，讨论城市空间结构与城市经济运行之间的内在联系。分析城市空间结构演变的主要动力因子：包括完善的服务和基础设施、土地集约利用、城市产业的人口需求等集聚因子和环境承载力、级差地租、现代技术的发展等离散因子，从而论证集聚力和离心力的交互作用对城市空间结构演变产生深刻影响。     

The non-agricultural economy in post-socialist rural Romania: The insights and perceptions of national, regional and local institutions

This study evaluates some aspects of the socio-economic transformation of rural Romania with reference to the views of representative organisations (at national, regional and local levels) and other experts. Interviews conducted in ten communes of nine Romanian counties (‘judete’) focus attention on the advantages and disadvantages of system change experienced since 1989; the most important problems and constraints for future socio-economic change; and appropriate policies and perspectives for development in the immediate future. Wherever appropriate the claims of interviewees are substantiated through reference to statistics, drawn in many cases from Chambers of Commerce & Industry (CCI). Local level representatives presented much more negative views on recent change than their national and regional level counterparts, but all agreed on the crucial problem of capital shortage. Thus while specific programmes to assist rural areas are justified, they cannot fully succeed until the national economy is able to grow more rapidly and attract greater foreign investment. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中国出境旅游市场现状与发展对策分析

采用市场学中的消费者行为理论对中国出境旅游市场现状的分析、揭示出境旅游者在目的地选择，旅游形式，购买渠道，交通方式，住宿购物的消费决策和来自不同客源市场，经济收入、社会阶层、文化层次、年龄性别旅游者消费行为的规律；对出境旅游市场目前存在的问题进行研究分析，提出今后出境旅游市场治理的对策及展望中国出境旅游市场的发展前景。     

The role of moral economy in two British Columbia fisheries: Confronting neoliberal policies

What have been the moral values and practices allowing equitable economic opportunities and a sense of fairness in North American small-scale fisheries? How have these “moral economies” been affected by neoliberal policies with their emphasis on efficiency, rational self-interest, and wealth accumulation? Focusing especially on the salmon and halibut fisheries in British Columbia, Canada, this discussion summarizes key findings on the manner in which small-scale fisheries and their moral practices tend to be marginalized and undervalued under neoliberal regimes. The paper considers the value of these moral economies for promoting social, economic, and ecological welfare as grounds for the expansion of small-scale fisheries.     

浅析地勘单位提高市场竞争力的策略

为提高市场竞争力，地勘单位必须加快企业化进程，建立现代企业制度；必须推进管理创新和技术创新；必须加强品牌建设、人才队伍建设和企业文化建设；必须重视政府和行业协会的保护与支持作用，并积极利用金融市场拓宽融资渠道.     

Education for development, CD for Peace: Producing the “globally competitive” child

This paper is set against the backdrop of an increasingly pervasive discursive coupling of peace with development, and of extremism with underdevelopment. An evolving knowledge economy discourse casts education as both a key determinant of economic development, and as a crucial tool in the battle for “hearts and minds” in a global war against terrorism and extremism. Education for development, and education as anti-extremism are the twin goals of the Filipino CD for Peace - a contribution to the UN-backed International Power Users of ICT (Information Communication Technology) Symposium. In this paper, I examine the ways in which this youth Symposium feeds into and mobilizes powerful logics around the links between education and development/counterterrorism. My argument is that education for development, and one of its articulations, the CD for Peace, are undergirded by and reproduce neoliberal development logics in several overlapping respects. I illustrate the ways in which the language of connection and collaboration reproduces a distinct rationality related both to the transformative potential of (private investment in) ICT and to the production of particular kinds of subjectivities: youth as connected, informed, economically valuable global citizens beyond the reach of extremists. The Power Users project works to (re)construct teenagers as “gurus”; conflict (and poverty, and terrorism) becomes solvable through education and ICT. I show how knowledge economy discourse powerfully constructs youth as learning subjects who come to imagine their own roles and identities in specifically neoliberal ways: not only as learners, but also as advocates for this nexus of technology, education, development and peace.     

‘Unionising’ the new spaces of the new economy? Alternative labour organising in India’s IT Enabled Services-Business Process Outsourcing industry

This paper explores the lived experiences and aspirational social constructions of call centre work and employment in India’s high profile IT Enabled Services-Business Process Outsourcing (ITES-BPO) industry; the ways in which they differ from those previously documented amongst call centre workers in the Global North (specifically the UK); and the consequences of that geographical reconfiguration of offshored call centre work for the replicability in India of workplace collective bargaining strategies successfully developed in some UK call centres. These issues are analysed using new empirical evidence from a regional survey of 511 non-unionised ITES-BPO workers and 42 in-depth interviews in India’s National Capital Region. Based on this analysis, the paper then discusses the operation, outcomes and ongoing challenges faced by the newly formed ‘Union for ITES Professionals’ (UNITES Pro) in developing an alternative occupational organising model better suited to the particular needs, motivations and preferences of India’s young, mobile, call centre workers. The empirical analysis presented in the paper is located, therefore, within wider debates on the role of geographical context in shaping possibilities for organising white-collar service workers at different ends of global service chains in the new economy.