基于海洋功能区划的海域开发利用承载力评价——以津冀海域为例

海洋功能区划是海域法确定的海域开发利用的重要依据。本文针对海域开发利用管理的技术需求,采用专家咨询法,确定海域使用分类8个一级类型所包含的30个二级类型的资源耗用系数,构建了海域开发利用强度指数及海域开发利用评价标准,以此为基础形成了基于海洋功能区划的海域开发利用承载力指数,并以津冀海域为例开展了实证评价研究。结果表明：①以海洋功能区划为依据的海域开发利用承载力评价方法可客观地揭示海域开发利用承载力程度。②津冀海域的曹妃甸海域、天津滨海新区海域和黄骅海域开发利用承载力指数分别达到10.30、13.87和10.30,处于承载力较高状态;昌黎海域开发利用承载力指数为7.61,处于承载力适中状态;其余的秦皇岛市区、抚宁县、乐亭县、滦南县和丰南区海域开发利用承载力指数都小于5.0,处于承载力较低状态。     

环渤海地区海洋产业生态系统适应性时空演变及影响因素

将产业生态系统引入到海洋研究中,开展海洋产业生态系统适应性研究,界定海洋产业生态系统适应性的内涵及特征;采用均方差赋权法进行权重赋值,构建海洋产业生态系统适应性评价指标体系与评估模型,分析环渤海地区海洋产业生态系统的适应性时空演变及影响因素。结果表明： 从整体来看,环渤海地区海洋产业生态系统适应性差异较大,主要问题是环渤海地区各省市海洋产业发展参差不齐,产业基础和发展速度差异较大,海洋生态环境建设水平不一; 从空间来看,海洋产业生态系统适应性呈现山东>辽宁>天津>河北的空间分布特征;在海洋产业子系统各要素中,呈现敏感性越大,弹性越大的特征,海洋环境子系统适应性特征不明显; 从时间来看,环渤海地区海洋产业生态系统适应性在波动中不断增强,各省市适应性综合指数差距呈现逐渐扩大的趋势,这种扩大的趋势是由于海洋产业子系统年均增长的差异所致; 区域内部海洋产业生态系统适应性差异明显：天津市海洋产业子系统适应性指数最高,海洋环境子系统发展水平滞后;河北省海洋产业、环境子系统适应性指数较低,海洋产业生态系统发展水平低;辽宁省海洋产业、环境子系统适应性指数较小,海洋产业、环境子系统发育较平衡;山东省海洋产业、环境子系统适应性指数较高,海洋产业生态系统发展水平高,海洋产业子系统发展迅速。     

基于Bootstrap-DEA模型环渤海地区海洋经济效率空间演化与影响因素分析

借助Bootstrap-DEA模型综合测算了环渤海地区17个城市海洋经济效率,并结合标准差椭圆和重心坐标方法,定量刻画了2000~2012年环渤海地区海洋经济效率空间格局演化特征,考察了影响空间格局演化的重要因素及其影响机制。结果表明：① 基于Bootstrap-DEA模型纠偏后的海洋经济效率更低,但准确性更高;计算得到的环渤海地区海洋经济效率总体上且呈现先上升后下降的趋势,低海洋经济效率的城市主要分布于渤海西南沿岸。② 从标准差椭圆分布来看,海洋经济效率总体呈现南（偏西）-北（偏东）的空间格局;从重心的移动轨迹来看,效率重心先向渤海西南部海洋经济区移动,再转向辽东半岛海洋经济区与渤海西部海洋经济区移动,最后转向山东半岛蓝色经济区移动。③ 针对海洋经济效率空间格局演化驱动机制的分析表明,区位优势对海洋经济效率产生正向影响,海洋产业结构和外商直接投资对海洋经济效率产生负向影响,资源消耗型海洋产业比重过大是导致海洋经济效率下降的主要原因。     

An Assessment of HOx Chemistry in the Tropical Pacific Boundary Layer: Comparison of Model Simulations with Observations Recorded during PEM Tropics A

Reported are the results from a comparison of OH,H₂O₂CH₃OOH, and O₃ observationswithmodel predictions based on current HO_x–CH₄reaction mechanisms. The field observations are thoserecorded during the NASA GTE field program, PEM-Tropics A. The major focus ofthis paper is on thosedata generated on the NASA P-3B aircraft during a mission flown in the marineboundary layer (MBL) nearChristmas Island, a site located in the central equatorial Pacific (i.e.,2° N, 157° W). Taking advantage of thestability of the southeastern trade-winds, an air parcel was sampled in aLagrangian mode over a significantfraction of a solar day. Analyses of these data revealed excellent agreementbetween model simulated andobserved OH. In addition, the model simulations reproduced the major featuresin the observed diurnalprofiles of H₂O₂ and CH₃OOH. In the case ofO₃, the model captured the key observational feature whichinvolved an early morning maximum. An examination of the MBL HO_xbudget indicated that the O(¹D) + H₂Oreaction is the major source of HO_x while the major sinks involveboth physical and chemical processes involving the peroxide species,H₂O₂ and CH₃OOH. Overall, the generally goodagreement between modeland observations suggests that our current understanding ofHO_x–CH₄ chemistry in the tropical MBL isquite good; however, there remains a need to critically examine this chemistrywhen both CH₂O and HO₂are added to the species measured.     

Latitude versus Depth Simulations of Ecodynamics and Dissolved Gas Chemistry Relationships in the Central Pacific

Nutrient ecology and trace gas processing are intimately coupled in the surface ocean and participate in key linkages through the Earth biogeochemical system. We have added water column photochemistry for volatile sulfur and organic compounds to large scale nutrient cycle modules, in order to create a one dimensional, open ocean ecochemistry simulator. Phyto- and zooplankton, recyclers and biological waste products are represented through N and Fe densities. Dimethyl sulfide, carbonyl sulfide and the methyl halides are tracked individually along with certain precursors and nonmethane hydrocarbons. The model is applied along the 180 degree meridian in the Northern Hemisphere. Ecodynamics are validated against satellite ocean color maps. Biological/photochemical production terms are then iterated upon to match measured distributions for the trace gases. Data are most complete for dimethyl sulfide. Major patterns in its climatology are captured within individual ecological provinces. However, at the basin scale reduced sulfur release must be varied over almost an order of magnitude because the mechanism developed contains only one plant taxon. Based on sparser data, first order rate constants are estimated for phytoplanktonic exudation of the methyl halides. Parameters are also established for photolytic injection of carbonyl sulfide and propylene from the dissolved organics. Ocean general circulation models and interactive ocean-atmosphere transport simulations are discussed as frameworks for future application.     

结构性对琼州海峡软土压缩特性的影响

天然软土大多具有结构性，且结构性因地而异。通过室内试验研究了结构性对琼州海峡两种海洋软土压缩特性的影响，并结合琼州海峡铁路轮渡工程，讨论了土结构性的存在对该工程防波堤地基处理工程效应的影响。     

海底资源与环境立体探测技术发展方向与对策

21世纪是人类全面开发利用海洋的新世纪。目前国际海底资源与环境探测，正在由海面、水中发展到空中、海底，形成立体的综合勘测。在21世纪前期，作为海洋大国，中国在维护海洋权益方面所面临的形势严峻复杂。如何发展、开发利用高新技术，以适应日新月异的世界海底资源与环境探测竞争需要，是广大海洋工作者都关心的课题。本文对立体探测技术发展方向和对策进行了简单探讨。     

Effect Blasting Excavation of Yujiapeng Tunnel on Stability of Nearby Giant Dangerous Rock Masses (DRM)

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辽宁区域海洋经济布局机理与可持续发展研究

通过对辽宁海洋资源的评价,海洋经济发展、海洋产业部门结构和海洋产业布局特点等的分析,并根据海域资源差异、区域海洋经济结构差异、海洋产业分布状况等,划分出辽宁渤海海洋经济区和黄海海洋经济区。探讨了区域海洋经济区的形成与区域海洋经济布局机理。采用定性与定量相结合、从定性到定量的研究方法,应用层次分析法确定辽宁海洋经济区的发展方向与重点海洋产业部门,提出了辽宁区域海洋经济可持续发展的对策和措施     

南极15ka以来海洋沉积物的环境磁学研究

通过对东南极普里兹湾陆坡区ＮＰ９５－１及西南极长城湾ＮＧ９３－１两柱样系统的环境磁学研究，获得了南极地区１５．０～５．５ｋａＢ．Ｐ．以来的古气候变化序列。结果表明，磁学参数较好地记录了古气候变化及沉积环境变化的信息。ＮＰ９５－１柱样较好地记录了Ｈｅｉｎｒｉｃｈ１事件、新仙女木事件以及波令－阿罗德暖期，其中Ｈｅｉｎｒｉｃｈ１事件发生于１４．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．，新仙女木冷期为１１．７～１０．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．，１０．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．以后，南极地区进入全新世。在全新世，两柱样记录了在１０．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．及６．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．前后两个暖期，其间夹有小幅气温下调的时段；６．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．后，两柱样均有气候颤动变冷的记录。