中国西天山地质构造与西邻区的对比研究

中国境内的天山和前苏联境内的天山,地质构造的对应关系一直存在较大的争论。仅就中天山而言,中国地质界一部分学者主张广义的中天山,一部分学者主张狭义的中天山,即所谓的中天山结晶带或天山中央隆起带。部分前苏联地质学家不主张单独划分出中天山,但大多数学者仍主张划分出中天山。本文根据作者近年来的研究工作成果,着重讨论了塔拉斯－费尔干纳断裂以东的前苏联东天山和独库公路以西的中国天山几条主张构造带的特征和对应关     

地层压力预测方法及其在南海北部构造－热体制分析中的应用

研究了南海北部大陆边缘盆地活动热流体的基本物理参数——异常地层压力，探讨了地层压力的预测方法，分析了声波时差与实测地层压力的矛盾，并采用了综合参数预测的有效方法，从理论上建立正常压实趋势线的数学模型；运用该模型计算了异常压力的下界面和建立了压力囊的断面图；计算并分析了高压顶面压力系数、气势与水势及其油气运移聚集的有利部位     

板块结合带与边缘海的壳幔同位素演化

板内构造研究的许多新资料表明，板块常常是通过一个宽的结合带而拼合在一起。后者具有异常的壳幔结构，是地幔受到陆壳不同程度地混染所致，是一种弱亏损地幔，εNd（t）为负值或低正值，Isr轻度富集，富放射性Pb的地幔源。它形成于板块边缘，故称为边缘海。板块俯冲碰撞首先是通过边缘海进行，最终才是两个板块的碰撞，故在其间常保存一个因边缘海聚合而形成的板块结合带。     

甘肃马衔山北缘断裂西北段几何结构及其新活动

甘肃马衔山北缘断裂在大地构造上属昆仑—祁连—秦岭加里东-华力西造山系,其西北段位于兰州中生代盆地内部。通过对该段的1∶10000条带状地质填图,弄清了其几何结构,获取了新活动时代、活动性质的若干地质地貌证据和年龄证据。结果表明,该段断裂由咸水沟—马泉沟、新城沟和青石咀3小段构成,其中咸水沟—马泉沟小段晚更新世—全新世活动,活动性质以左旋走滑为主,新城沟和青石咀两小段晚更新世以来未见活动。全新世晚期以来,咸水沟—马泉沟小段的左旋位移量5～8m,位移速率0.5～1.72mm/a     

Human impact on fixed sand dunes revealed by morphometric analysis

The Nyírség is the second largest alluvial fan in Hungary covered by fixed sand dunes. The primary aim of the paper is to describe the morphology of dunes in the region and classify them based on their morphometric characteristics. The other major aim is to select those dunes which were exposed to significant anthropogenic impact, and to determine the spatial and temporal differences in the intensity of human activity. The following dune types were separated: valley‐marginal, transitional valley‐marginal, transitional parabolic, filled, partially and unfilled parabolic dunes. After defining different dune types and their parameters, certain dunes were selected based on exposure to significant anthropogenic impact. Definite connection was demonstrated between the intensity of human environmental impact and the rate of erosion on fixed sand dunes. The erosion of sand dunes was most intensive in Medieval times, most likely due to concentration of agricultural land use. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A quantitative research for present-time crustal motion in Fujian Province, China and its marginal sea

Based on the Chinese mainland GPS network (1994～1996), Fujian GPS network (1995～1997), cross fault deformation network (1982～1998), precise leveling network (1973～1980) and focal mechanism solutions of the recent several tens years, we synthetically and quantitatively studied the present-time crustal motion of the southeast coast of Chinese mainland-Fujian and its marginal sea. We find that this area with its mainland together moves toward SE with a rather constant velocity of 11.2(3.0 mm/a. At the same time, there is a motion from the Quanzhou bay pointing to hinterland, with a major orientation of NW, extending toward two sides, and with an average velocity of 3.0(2.6 mm/a. The faults orienting NE show compressing motions, and the ones orienting NW show extending motions. The present-time strain field derived from crustal deformation is consistent with seismic stress field derived from the focal mechanism solutions and the tectonic stress field derived from geology data. The principal stress of compression orients NW (NWW) - SE (SEE). Demarcated by the NW orienting faults of the Quanzhou bay and Jinjiang-Yongan, the crustal motions show regional characteristics: the southwest of Fujian and the boundary of Fujian and Guangdong are areas of rising, the northeast of Fujian are areas of sinking. The horizontal strain rate and the fault motion of the former are both greater than the later. The side-transferring motion of Hymalaya collision zone and the compression of the west pacific subduction zone affect the motion of the research area. The amount of motion affected by the former is larger than the later, but the former is homogeneous and the later is not, which indicates that the events of strong earthquakes in this region relate more directly with western pacific subduction zone.     

The history of the Cretaceous environments of the northeastern Asian continental margin, Russia

Abstract The Cretaceous geodynamic and paleogeographic evolution of the northeastern Asian continental margin is summarized in five maps for time-intervals of 115-110, 100-90, 90-85, 85-74 and 70-50 Ma. Four major evolutionary stages are recognized: (i) the moderate extensional tectonic regime and origination of a system of island arcs in the Jurassic-Neocomian stage; (ii) Middle Cretaceous strong collisional and accretional processes resulting in the Asian continent formation in the Barremian-Early Albian stage; (iii) the origination of the subduction-related Okhotsk-Chukotka continental marginal volcanic belt in relation to the newly formed convergent plate boundary in the Late Albian-Senonian stage; and (iv) the next collision accompanied by the extinction of the subduction-related volcanism in the Late Cretaceous-Early Paleocene stage (Laramian orogeny) and displayed rift-related processes with the intraplate-type volcanism on the Asian continental margin. Those stages had been established through the whole Pacific ring and had close genetic relationships with mid-ocean ridges tectonic activity.     

南海三维热岩石圈结构及地表构造响应

为系统了解南海海底热流特征和岩石圈热结构与地表构造的关系,本文首先以最新海底热流为约束,采用三维数值模拟方法计算得到整个南海的"热"岩石圈底部边界（底界）的埋深,然后开展详细分析壳、幔热流贡献以及岩石圈热结构与地表不同构造单元之间的对应关系.结果显示南海岩石圈底部边界埋深为30~100 km,最浅埋深集中分布在南海海盆水深大于3000 m的区域（如南海西北次海盆、西南次海盆和东部次海盆西侧）,以及南海北部陆缘中部、莺歌海盆地、中建南盆地和南薇西盆地,体现了南海深部结构对地表不同构造单元的控制作用;靠近海盆东侧的马尼拉海沟具有较低的海底热流,对应岩石圈底界埋藏也较深,可能与南海和古南海洋壳俯冲有关;吕宋岛弧（119°E-122°E和13°N-17°N）表现出较高的海底热流,同时具有较浅的热岩石圈底界埋深,可能与南海板块和菲律宾海板块双向俯冲有关.     

不同延性条件下框架柱塑性铰区箍筋抗剪能力试验研究

允许钢筋混凝土框架柱端出现塑性铰但又不形成柱铰破坏机构是一个十分现实而又未得以很好解决的课题。通过10个钢筋混凝土框架柱构件抗震剪切抗力的试验研究,明确了加载全过程骶架柱构件中箍筋与混凝土的抗剪贡献及比例,分析了框架柱塑性铰区抗剪机理,为框架柱基于延性的抗震设计提供了试验依据。