MANUFACTURING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN A PERIPHERAL REGION: THE CASE OF LIMBURG,BELGIUM *

The scope of manufacturing research and development (R&D) in the intermetropolitan region of Limburg, Belgium, is analyzed within the context of the spatial, organizational, and size-theoretical attributes of R&D and of the core-periphery model. In spite of its peripheral location, Limburg exhibits vivid R&D activity associated with the trickled-down manufacturing from neighboring West European industrial cores. R&D in Limburg is mostly centered in multinational/locational branch plants, but also in a few modernizing, old sector establishments engaged in high and medium-level “off the shelf” technology processes. R&D was significant in terms of spending, number of newly developed prototypes, and number of patents registered. It revealed strong sector concentration with relatively dispersed spatial patterns. R&D departments and spending disclosed a positive correlation with plant size, but showed particularly high concentration coefficients when medium-size high- and medium-level technology plants were considered.     

基于战略性新兴产业的长江三角洲城市网络结构演变研究

基于2004~2013年战略性新兴产业上市公司跨区布址数据,运用社会网络分析法对长江三角洲城市群空间结构演变规律进行了分析。研究发现：① 长江三角洲城市网络的主要联系流由 “Z”字形空间结构演变为“金字塔”形结构。② 高行政级别城市在网络要素资源配置中占据主导地位,省会城市的中介能力呈现“倒U”型发展趋势。③ 沪杭宁甬苏合6城市构成了长三角城市网络的核心层,核心-边缘层联系成为占据主导地位的联系方式;城市网络凝聚子群具有明显的地理粘着性,沪宁和杭州凝聚子群分别是群内联系和群际联系的标杆。     

基于空间杜宾模型的山东省制造业时空分异研究

利用2003~2014年山东省17个地级市制造业27个部门的面板数据,研究了山东省制造业的时空分异特征,并基于空间杜宾模型（SDM）探讨了主要的影响因素,结果发现：山东省制造业份额呈现出自东向西递减、先东部集聚后向中西部扩散的规律。以2007年为转折点,制造业呈现东部沿海转出、内陆转入的特点,鲁北地区成为份额增长最快的区域。由于空间溢出效应的存在,市场规模、交通基础设施、产业规模和人力资本水平均有助于提升本地区制造业份额。因此,应该从地区关联的角度重新审视制造业发展规律并制定相应政策措施。     

东营石油装备制造业创新网络演化研究

采用社会网络分析方法,借助Ucinet、ArcGIS等软件工具,从多维邻近的视角出发,对东营石油装备业创新网络演化进行分析研究,研究发现：首先,多维邻近对东营创新网络发展产生了重要影响,且不同网络发展阶段（培育、起步、成长）主导的邻近因子不同。这一方面证实了Boschma多维邻近性的相关理论假说,另一方面指出多维邻近因子与东营创新网络演变的不同关联。其次,高校、大型国有企业是东营创新网络的知识源泉和组织者。中国石油大学（华东)、胜利油田集团企业发挥了主导作用,这与国外中小型创新企业发挥主导作用的情形有很大差异。     

中国的地区企业进入与退出关联研究

企业的进入退出存在显著的前后关联,关联机制可以分解为竞争效应与乘数效应。本文探讨了1998-2013年间中国制造业企业的空间格局演化过程,发现地级市尺度的企业动态存在明显的时空关联。16年间,企业动态空间格局发生了剧烈演变,逐渐表现出同类型地区集聚现象。利用差分GMM的动态面板模型验证了企业动态在时间上的前后依赖关系。前期的进入与退出对本期企业动态有不同的影响,竞争效应决定企业的进入,乘数效应决定企业的退出。前期企业动态对后期进入的影响会立即显现出来并随时间衰减,而对退出的影响则存在明显滞后效应,在两年之后达到峰值。同时,产业动态关联机制存在显著的空间差异,其中东部地区显示出更强的竞争效应。不同发展水平的地区应采取差别化的政策来指导地区的产业发展,实现产业更新、结构升级和区域经济的可持续发展。东部地区应建立企业准入门槛,降低低效企业退出壁垒;西部地区应该积极吸引新企业进入,并保护在位企业,防止企业退出导致的连锁性萧条。     

Illuminating the practice of Knowledge Exchange as a ‘pathway to impact’ within an Arts and Humanities Research Council ‘Creative Economy Knowledge Exchange’ project

This article is concerned with the practice of Knowledge Exchange (KE) within the creative economy. Drawing on material collected as part of an ethnographic study of a small creative business support agency – Cultural Enterprise Office – based in Glasgow, Scotland, the article argues for a nuanced consideration of the complexities of doing KE in the creative economy. The study in question was titled ‘Supporting Creative Business’ and was funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council under its Creative Economy Knowledge Exchange programme. This article describes the practice of KE, and the role that it might play as a ‘pathway to impact’. I explore the often-mundane activities that constitute KE ‘on the ground’, and argue for further attention to be paid to what I call ‘informal KE’. This article contributes directly to ongoing debates in geography about the effect that the impact agenda is having on academic practice. More specifically, the article examines the role of academics vis-à-vis consultants and other knowledge producers within the creative economy.     

中国主要城市群新增制造业用地特征及城镇体系耦合分析

为探索中国典型城市群新增制造业用地结构与布局状况、发展及功能分工特征,本文基于中国土地市场网2009-2013年制造业用地出让数据,通过区位熵、耦合分析、相关分析等方法,分析了长三角、珠三角、京津冀、长江中游和成渝5个典型城市群新增制造业用地分布特征以及城镇体系耦合特征差异。结果表明：①各城市群新增制造业用地差异显著。长三角、珠三角城市群新增制造业发展较为均衡;京津冀、长江中游和成渝城市群发展协调性仍有待提升。②新增制造业各行业用地在5个城市群中均呈现出一定的集聚特征,其中原材料等传统产业倾向布局在城市群边缘区及城市低等级区;电子信息产业等新兴产业多集中在核心城市及高等级区。③各城市群内部新增制造业用地市场化机制作用较为充分,地价呈现随等级提升而递增的趋势;城市群核心区市场活跃度较低而骨干区较高。相关结论可为城市群产业布局调整、优化以及制定不同等级区域协调发展战略提供参考。     

Auckland and the creative industries: the spatial distribution of the design subsector

Auckland is New Zealand’s largest city with the largest concentration of creative sector employment and businesses in the country. This paper examines the spatial distribution of firms in the design creative subsector across the Auckland Region and in inner Auckland and ascertains the key determinants of firm location. The macrolevel findings indicate that the architectural and specialized design firms have similar spatial distribution patterns across the Auckland Region, while the advertising subsector demonstrates an extreme tendency toward spatial concentration only in inner Auckland. All three subsectors have a strong propensity to clustering within inner Auckland; however, one CBD (Central Business District) fringe area, Parnell outperforms the rest. The microlevel findings reveal hybridized creative clusters of uneven density. Parnell’s unique brand and place-specific characteristics were the key determinants of firm location which led to the spontaneous collocation of firms. These location decisions had the unintended consequence of creating agglomeration economies.     

Service industries in the global economy

This article discusses services as a research theme by reviewing the anthology Service Industries in the Global Economy, a collection of articles published in 1998, in two volumes in the series The International Library of Critical Writings in Economics (series editor Mark Blaug). The articles are reprints from journals in economics, economic geography and sociology, and they span the period from 1939 to 1997. Of the total of 70 articles, this review can give only some samples.