显微CT技术在古代料珠研究中的应用——以河南淅川县马川墓地出土料珠为例

本文首次运用显微CT技术对中国早期料珠进行研究。X-射线衍射(XRD)及CT切片分析结果表明,河南淅川县马川墓地出土的料珠为玻璃珠,与西周时期的釉砂珠在结构上存在显著区别。显微CT技术为料珠材质的鉴定提供了一种新方法。结合玻璃珠的三维模型表明,战国时期玻璃珠内的气泡以球形为主,内部存在许多细小不规则的空隙,应是采用模压法工艺制造;这是在研究中首次发现战国时期采用模压法工艺制造玻璃珠。西汉时期玻璃珠内的气泡是纺锤状,应是采用拉制法工艺制造。显微CT技术能清晰无损地揭示古代玻璃珠内部结构特点,显示了该技术在古代玻璃珠制造工艺研究中有着广阔的运用前景。     

基于社会网络分析的ICT出口贸易网络结构特征及影响因素

利用联合国贸发数据库中2000—2018年的信息通信技术（Information and Communication Technology,ICT）贸易数据,采用二元和加权2个方法构建世界制造设备和电子元件出口贸易网络,在综合分析ICT贸易网络结构特征的基础上,采用QAP方法对ICT出口贸易网络进行结构演化解释。结果表明：① 制造设备和电子元件出口贸易的网络密度很高,世界各国（地区）ICT贸易关系密切;② 中国成为制造设备出口贸易网络的核心节点,发达经济体依旧占据主要市场;电子元件出口贸易网络中存在投资带动发展以及“抱团”现象,中国的电子元件在出口贸易网络中也占据着重要地位;③ 多维距离因素能够解释制造设备和电子元件出口贸易网络的结构变化的18%和15%。这一结论为中国ICT产业参与全球贸易制定相关政策提供依据。     

膨胀石墨化学氧化法制备技术研究进展

膨胀石墨是石墨的重要深加工产品之一.目前膨胀石墨工业生产用的最多和最成熟的方法是化学氧化法,具有很多优点.由于这种工艺生产过程存在环境污染,产品在应用中对设备有腐蚀,高温抗氧化性及强度不高等原因,限制了其进一步发展.介绍了近年来围绕化学氧化法制备工艺及产品性能改进问题国内外研究的主要进展.讨论了利用低品位和细鳞片石墨原料,降低或消除生产过程中的NOX、重金属离子的污染,降低产品的含硫量和腐蚀性,提高产品的膨胀倍数、抗氧化性和强度,改进产品的膨化工艺等方面的技术措施及应用效果.指出了化学氧化法进一步发展的方向和应用前景.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Women, Work, and Ideology in the Third World . Haleh Afshar, ed. The Birth of the National Park Service. The Founding Years 1913–33 . Horace M. Albright Theatres of Accumulation: Studies in Asian and Latin American Urbanization . Warwick Armstrong and T.G. McGee. New Tools for Social Scientists, Advances and Applications in Research Methods . William D. Berry and Michael S. Lewis -Beck , eds . Uncertain Dimensions: Western Overseas Empires in the Twentieth Century . Raymond F. Betts. Geography of Sugar Cane . Helmut Blume. The Mines of Neptune: Minerals and Metals from the Sea . Elisabeth Mann Borgese. Geographical Dimensions of Energy . F.J. Calzonetti and B.D. Solomon, eds. Statistical Methods for Geographers . W. A. V. Clark and P. L. Hosking. In The Wake of Columbus, Islands and Controversy . John DeVorsey, Jr., and John Parker, eds. Housing, States and Localities . Peter Dickens, Simon Duncan, Mark Goodwin and Fred Gray. Physician Location and Specialty Choice . Richard L. Ernst and Donald E. Yett. Practical Ecology for Geography and Biology: Survey, Mapping, and Data Analysis . D.D. Gilbertson , M. Kent and F.B. Pyatt Large Scale Water Transfers: Emerging Environmental and Social Experiences . Genady N. Golubev and Asit K. Biswas, eds. The Nature of the Environment . Andrew Goudie. Planning for Population Change . W.T.S. Gould and R. Lawton. The Niger and its Neighbors: Environmental History and Hydrobiology. Human Use and Health Hazards of the Major West African Rivers . A.T. Grove, ed. Remote Sensing of Ice and Snow . Dorothy K. Hall and Jaroslav Martinec. Atlas of Antebellum Southern Agriculture . Sam Bowers Hilliard. Galilee Divided; The Israel-Lebanon Frontier, 1916-1984 . Frederic C. Hor . Plains Country Towns . John C. Hudson. Agricultural Geography: A Social and Economic Analysis . Brian W. Ilbery. Industry in the 1980s: Structural Change and Interdependence . U.N. Industrial Development Organization. Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States . Kenneth T. Jackson. The Industrial Geography of Italy . Russell King. Studies in Linguistic Geography: The Dialects of English in Britain and Ireland . John M. Kirk, Stewart Sanderson, J.D.A. Widdowson, eds. Tourism: A Community Approach . Peter E. Murphy. Cities and Services: The Geography of Collective Consumption . Steven Pinch. An Historical Geography of Europe 1800–1914 . Norman J. G. Pounds. An Introduction to Human Ecology Research on Agricultural Systems in Southeast Asia . A. Terry Rambo and Percy E. Sajise, eds. Discovering Past Landscapes . Michael Reed, ed. Managing the Ocean: Resources, Research, Law . Jacques G. Richardson, ed. Carta fitosociologica de la transecta botanica de la Patagonia Austral . F.A. Roig , Juan Anchorema , Orlando Dollenz , A.M. Faggi and Eduardo Mandez Intermetropolitan Migration in Canada: Changing Determinants over Three Decades . R. Paul Shaw. Chinese Cities—The Growth of the Metropolis since 1949 . Victor F. Sit, ed. Urbanization in the World-Economy . Michael Timberlake, ed. The Al Business: Commercial Uses of Artificial Intelligence . Patrick H. Winston and Karen A. Prendergast, eds.     

CLUSTERS AND COMPLEXES OF MEDIUM-SIZED URBAN MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS: TWO CASE STUDIES IN BRAZIL *

Industrial linkages of two medium-sized Brazilian urban manufacturing systems are analyzed. Clusters are similar to those of the national economy while complexes are uneven for the two cities which implies that neither the size nor the diversity of the local industry influences the evolution of complexes. Development depends on time and on the volume (threshold) of manufacturing activity. If manufacturing complexes are carefully implemented and maintained, medium-sized centers might become viable manufacturing growth center communities.     

基础地理信息元数据的管理和应用

在分析了元数据的基本内容和扩展方法的基础上,根据基础地理信息建设和更新维护的流程引入了基础地理数据元数据,使元数据和基础地理信息生产过程紧密结合,互为补充。实现了在生产流程中的各环节更新元数据,通过元数据管理测绘生产流程并构建了元数据管理与服务系统得到实际的应用。     

Grounding mobile policies: Ad hoc networks and the creative city in Bandung,Indonesia

This paper explores the ad hoc networks that form to move policies to new sites by examining the process through which the city of Bandung, Indonesia adopted a creative city policy. As revealed through the Bandung case, attention to the formation of these networks highlights the way that power operates within them, privileging certain ideas and structuring the ways in which information flows through their channels. This insight suggests that the concept of policy mobilities would be enriched by a closer attention to the way power is used to construct networks that promote specific policies and places as sites of ‘best practice’. Furthermore, this paper extends the concept of policy mobilities to a city ‘off the map’. In contrast to most existing policy mobilities research that tends to focus on the stable, large‐scale networks through which policies travel and on the high‐profile cities constructed as policy models, the case of Bandung provides a study of how policy mobilities may occur differently outside of its well‐established locations.     

机场周边地区生产性服务业与制造业空间布局特征——以首都机场为例

空港经济对推动城市产业空间调整和城市经济转型具有重要意义。以首都机场为例,运用Ripley’s K函数及核密度估计法分析机场周边地区生产性服务业与制造业的空间布局特征。生产性服务业和制造业的区位布局均呈现出明显的向心性,其中,物流业、制造业和金融业的向心性最强。生产性服务业和制造业空间集聚强度呈先增后减的倒"U"型特征,生产性服务业企业集聚强度明显高于制造业企业集聚强度,不同行业企业空间区位选择距离阈值存在差异。不同行业空间分异特征显著,集聚模式不同。制造业呈"大分散、大集聚"模式;商务服务业、科技服务业、信息服务业及物流业呈"小分散、大集聚"模式;金融业呈"大分散、小集聚"模式。城市主要交通干线附近及成熟的产业园区是生产性服务业与制造业主要集聚地,信息服务业、商务服务业以及科技服务业的区位选择具有较强一致性。     

中国电子信息制造业时空格局演化及影响因素

为探究后经济危机时期中国电子信息制造业的时空变化及其影响因素,基于基尼系数、空间相关性分析、负二项回归模型等方法,采用天眼查企业数据库以及相关城市统计年鉴数据,对2009－2018年中国电子信息制造业时空格局演化及影响因素进行分析,结果表明：1）中国电子信息制造业稳步发展,由出口导向转为内需拉动。2）企业主要集中在珠三角、长三角地区,长江中游城市群蓄势待发,中部及川渝地区的城市发展迅猛而东北地区陷入发展困境,企业空间分布存在显著的空间正相关关系。3）深圳、东莞等城市一直为产业重要集聚区,城市两级分化严重。3）总体上,企业更倾向于选址在产业协同集聚程度高、创新能力强、劳动力成本较高而经济后发城市;在城市群尺度,不同因素对不同城市群存在异质性,反映产业发展水平、特点存在很大差异,长三角企业偏好创新能力高、产业市场化水平高且交通基础设施完善的城市,珠三角企业偏好劳动力成本高的城市,京津冀城市偏好劳动力成本高且交通基础设施完善的城市,成渝地区企业偏好产业市场化水平高且创新能力弱的后发城市,长江中游城市偏好劳动力成本高的后发城市。     

长江中游城市群“文—旅”产业融合发展的空间效应及驱动机制研究

“文—旅”产业融合发展为产业结构高质量转型、空间统筹优化和区域经济韧性提升赋能。在由“宏观—中观—微观”三维尺度复合而成的城市群“文—旅”产业融合发展理论基础上,论文构建了城市群“文—旅”产业融合发展评价指标体系,以长江中游城市群为研究对象,借助耦合协调模型和极化指数模型对2010—2019年区域“文—旅”产业融合发展水平进行测算并分析其空间效应,并探究该区域“文—旅”产业融合发展的驱动机制。结果显示：① 长江中游城市群“文—旅”产业融合发展的各子系统间具有较强的互动关系,但多数城市暂未达到良性发展状态;② 研究期内,长江中游城市群“文—旅”产业融合发展的空间效应表现出“极化效应”显著、“回程效应”与“扩散效应”微弱的特征;③ 长江中游城市群“文—旅”产业融合发展在空间上呈现以“武汉—长沙—南昌”为核心的“核心—边缘”结构;④ 长江中游城市群“文—旅”产业融合发展是在资源禀赋基础力、居民消费需求力、基础设施保障力、规模效益催动力、人力资源潜在力、经济发展拉动力“六力”共同驱动下形成的。最后,根据长江中游城市群“文—旅”产业融合发展现状,提出强化区域联动、瞄准核心驱动力等针对性建议,推动长江中游城市群区域一体化建设和地方经济高质量发展。