KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY OF REMOTELY SENSED DATA FROM ECOLOGICAL VIEW ——A Case Study of Urban Spatial—temporal Relationship in the Pearl River Delta

From the ecological viewpoint this paper discusses the urban spatial-temporal relationship.We take regional towns and cities as a complex man-land system of urban eco-community,This complex man-land system comprises two elements of “man“ and “land“,Here,“man“ means organization with self-determined consciousness,and “land“ means the physical environment (niche ) that “man “depends on .The complex man-land system has three basic components,They are individual,population and community,Therefore there are six types of spatial relationship for the complex man-land system.They are individual,population,community,man-man,land-land and man-land spatial realtionships,Taking the Pearl(Zhujiang) River Delta as a case study,the authors found some evidence of the urban spatial relationship from the remote sensing data,Firstly,the concentration and diffusion of the cities spatial relationship was found in the remote sensing imagery,Most of the cities concentrate in the core area of the Pearl River Delta ,but the diffusion situation is also significant ,Secondly,the growth behavior and succession behavior of the urban spatial relationship was found in the remote sensing images comparison with different temporal data ,Thirdly,the inheritance,break ,or meeting emergency behavior was observed from the remoted sensing data.Fourthly,the authors found many cases of symbiosis and competi-tion in the remote sensing data of the Pearl River Delta ,Fifthly,The autoeciousness,stranglehold and invasion behavior of the urban spatial relationship was discovered from the remote sensing data.     

中国人口与土地城镇化时空耦合特征及驱动机制

城镇化是现代化的必然趋势,城镇人口与土地利用的合理匹配成为新型城镇化的重要前提。本文以中国636个建制市为研究对象,构建了人口城镇化与土地城镇化耦合发展关系指数,据此划分其耦合类型。借助Kernel Density工具,分析了中国城镇化发展的宏观格局、人口与土地城镇化耦合变化态势,诠释了这些耦合特征形成的原因及其内在驱动机制。结果表明：① 2006-2014年中国城市建设用地年均增长率是城镇常住人口年均增长率的1.65倍,土地城镇化远快于人口城镇化;② 市域人口与土地城镇化发展的空间依赖性较强,人口向城市集聚的密度重心呈现逐渐西移的趋势;③ 城市建成区快速扩展,城市人均建设用地面积普遍超标,其中42%的城市现状人均用地是标准值的5倍以上;④ 人口与土地城镇化耦合失调类型的城市空间分布相对集中,且“同增失调”现象较为普遍,主要城市群外围地区的失调问题较中心地区更为严重;⑤ 人口与土地城镇化耦合发展程度受到经济发展水平、城市性质、人口规模、政府决策行为、地理区位条件和地区内部差距等要素的综合影响,不同要素的作用机理和效应存在明显差异。新时期城镇人口与土地利用管理应当注重新常态、新趋势的系统诊断和动能转化的综合分析,为新型城镇化、城乡融合发展与乡村振兴决策提供科学依据。     

人地关系视角下的乡村居民休闲空间变迁研究——以江汉平原为例

通过案例分析、文献检索、实地调研等方法,基于人地关系的基本理论,以江汉平原为例,探索乡村居民休闲空间的历史变迁和结构要素特征。结果表明:江汉平原乡村居民休闲空间经历4个变迁阶段。原始文明时期,乡村地域空间要素缺乏,原始部落中央广场形成休闲空间雏形,表现为空间开放特征;农耕文明时期,乡村地域空间要素基本形成,散落的乡村空间格局致使休闲空间相对分散,表现为空间区隔特征;工业文明时期,乡村地域空间要素逐渐成熟,乡村休闲空间被外来游客占据享用,表现为空间掠夺特征;生态文明时期,休闲空间要素稳定完善,人地和谐共生,人人共享休闲空间,表现为空间共融特征。     

净初级生产力的人类占用研究进展

人类活动对生态系统的影响和改变已达到前所未有的程度,如何量化人类活动对生态系统的影响成为了生态学和地理学研究中的热点问题。净初级生产力的人类占用(HANPP)是量化人类活动对生态系统能量流的影响程度的指标。目前HANPP研究开始从理论和方法的讨论及案例研究,转向作为指标应用到生态学和地理学研究的诸多领域,其重要性日益凸显。因此,论文详细介绍了HANPP的概念和估算方法;综述了其主要研究进展;讨论了HANPP的优劣及其适用范围,并着重展望了其与生态系统结构、功能、服务、生物多样性、可持续发展和人类福祉等方面有关的未来具体研究方向和科学问题,以及如何运用其探讨人类活动对生态系统的影响机制。期望启发更多与HANPP有关的研究,推动人类活动对生态系统的影响研究向定量化、系统化及多学科交叉的方向发展。     

额济纳地区历史时期的农牧业变迁与人地关系演进

通过对额济纳地区历史时期的农牧业更替以及绿洲环境演变过程的认识, 综合其水系变迁、绿洲迁移、荒漠化过程和人类活动中心的转移等方面, 将该地区人地关系演进分为以下四个阶段: 汉代以前的生态自然平衡阶段, 人地自然和谐; 两汉至元代的生态失衡阶段, 人地矛盾加剧; 明清生态自然恢复阶段, 人地矛盾缓和; 近代生态环境恶化阶段, 人地矛盾尖锐。随科技水平提高, 人类对自然规律认识程度增强, 必将有利于促进人地矛盾的缓解, 最终达到人地协调发展的状态。     

Research progress in man-land relationship evolution and its resource-environment base in China

Man-land relationship research, as the core of geographical research, runs through each development stage of Geography. Based on extensive literature review, this paper systematically generalizes the connotations, research development and contents of man-land relationship in China. (1) It explores the connotations and evolvement rules of man-land relationship in different social development stages in China, and finds that the core role of man-land relationship in geographical research has been strengthened continuously. Changing with times, its connotations have been considerably enriched by sustainable development and other notions, and so does its theoretical system. (2) It applies the bibliometric method to sketch out the basic research status of man-land relationship in China. Specifically, it quantitatively identifies the funding sources, major research teams and journals for publication. It finds that the funding sources show a diversification trend with national funding being the primary source of research grants. The most competitive research teams are mainly concentrated in the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and normal universities. Journals sponsored by The Geographical Society of China are most influential in publishing man-land relationship research. (3) As resources and environment are the fundamental carriers of man-land relationship, this study focuses further on the research on resource-environmental base of man-land relationship, and finds that the resource-environmental base research in China has gone through an evolution process from single factor perspective research to comprehensive multiple perspective research gradually. Research themes have also experienced similar changes from land, water, energy minerals or other single factor research to comprehensive factor research of resources and environment. Empirical study on national and regional development strategies is the feature of man-land relationship in China. More emphasis should be put on considering and following the changes in features of “man” and “land” and research on the impacts of new factors on man-land relationship in a developing and dynamic manner in the future. Particularly, we should pay more attention to research on the impacts of spatio- temporal changes in resource-environment absolute location on modes of man-land interaction, and to strengthening interdisciplinary research and systematic research on comprehensive techniques so as to advance the development of application of man-land relationship theories and practices.     

青藏高原中部冻融强度变化及其与气温的关系

使用青藏高原中部野外22个站点2010-2014年观测数据结合GLDAS-NOAH陆面模式1960-2014年3 h 0.25°×0.25°格网数据,通过线性拟合等方法分析了高原中部的冻结强度变化并探讨了其与气温的关系。选取典型站点资料,结合GLDAS-NOAH数据对四次冻融过程进行分析比较,结果表明:(1)冻结强年和冻结弱年,高原中部季节冻土区各站点冻结、消融过程的持续时间差异大。(2)1960-2014年,高原中部平均气温呈上升趋势,其速率为0.39℃·(10a)⁽-1;冻结起始日以0.91 d·(10a)^-1的速率延后,冻结结束日则以2.88 d·(10a)⁽-1的速率提前,冻结结束日对气温变暖的响应更迅速。(3)垂直方向上,不同冻结强度年表层5 cm处土壤温度、湿度差异最大,差值随土壤深度的增加逐渐减小。冻结强、弱年土壤水分相变速率不同引起的热量差使得各层土壤温度的日变化产生明显差异。     

陕北黄土高原丘陵沟壑区聚落适宜空间模式研究——以米脂县东沟为例

黄土高原丘陵沟壑区是我国西部新型城镇化实践的克难攻坚地,在未厘清地域性特征的情况下,现代城乡规划设计的介入对当地环境和文化产生了较大冲击.以陕北米脂县东沟为例,基于卫星遥感影像、数字高程模型(DEM)等数据,利用格网法揭示东沟地形变化与聚落规模的空间分布特征,借助四象限散点图法和立体网格分维模型测度并评价东沟地形复杂性...     

长江中游洪灾形成的地学分析

地质地貌条件是长江中游洪灾形成的背景条件,近代洪水位不断上升是人-地不和谐作用下流域环境系统演化的结果.人类作用导致的多流归槽改变了长江中游河流的地貌过程和水文特性,致使洪水过程显著;大堤修筑导致堤外河漫滩出现泥沙加积,自1650年荆江大堤合拢以来,边滩总体淤积厚度为2.8～11.0m,平均淤积速率12.54～25.64mm/a;围湖造田导致江汉-洞庭平原蓄洪空间减少和"小水大灾"局面的形成;漫滩筑堤围垸严重影响了长江行洪,仅荆江段就有围筑的民垸84个,总面积为4895.95km2,民垸面积是泄洪面积的近9倍.因此,在认识自然规律的基础上,正确协调人-地-水关系,重建良性循环的流域环境系统,是解决长江中游的水患的根本出路.