A survey of meteor spectra and orbits: evidence for three populations of Na-free meteoroids

We present a survey of 97 spectra of mainly sporadic meteors in the magnitude range +3 to −1, corresponding to meteoroid sizes 1-10 mm. For the majority of the meteors, heliocentric orbits are known as well. We classified the spectra according to relative intensities of the lines of Mg, Na, and Fe. Theoretical intensities of these lines for a chondritic composition of the meteoroid and a wide range of excitation and ionization conditions were computed. We found that only a minority of the meteoroids show chondritic composition. Three distinct populations of Na-free meteoroids, each comprising ∼10% of sporadic meteoroids in the studied size range, were identified. The first population are meteoroids on asteroidal orbits containing only Fe lines in their spectra and possibly related to iron-nickel meteorites. The second population are meteoroids on orbits with small perihelia (q?0.2 AU), where Na was lost by thermal desorption. The third population of Na-free meteoroids resides on Halley type cometary orbits. This material was possibly formed by irradiation of cometary surfaces by cosmic rays in the Oort cloud. The composition of meteoroids on Halley type orbits is diverse, probably reflecting internal inhomogeneity of comets. On average, cometary dust has lower than chondritic Fe/Mg ratio. Surprisingly, iron meteoroids prevail among millimeter-sized meteoroids on typical Apollo-asteroid orbits. We have also found varying content of Na in the members of the Geminid meteoroid stream, suggesting that Geminid meteoroids were not released from their parent body at the same time.     

Condensed species in Titan's atmosphere: Identification of crystalline propionitrile (C2H5CN, CH3CH2CN) based on laboratory infrared data

We report the results of infrared studies of crystalline C₂H₅CN at several temperatures between 15 and 160 K. A case is made for the identification of crystalline C₂H₅CN in the stratosphere from the Voyager IRIS spectrum of Titan.     

A sensitive search for SO2 in the martian atmosphere: Implications for seepage and origin of methane

Mars was observed near the peak of the strongest SO₂ band at 1364-1373 cm⁻¹ with resolving power of 77,000 using the Texas Echelon Cross Echelle Spectrograph on the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility. The observation covered the Tharsis volcano region which may be preferable to search for SO₂. The spectrum shows absorption lines of three CO₂ isotopomers and three H₂O isotopomers. The water vapor abundance derived from the HDO lines assuming D/H = 5.5 times the terrestrial value is 12±1.0 pr. μm, in agreement with the simultaneous MGS/TES observations of 14 pr. μm at the latitudes (50° S to 10° N) of our observation. Summing of spectral intervals at the expected positions of sixteen SO₂ lines puts a 2σ upper limit on SO₂ of 1 ppb. SO₂ may be emitted into the martian atmosphere by seepage and is removed by three-body reactions with OH and O. The SO₂ lifetime, 2 years, is longer than the global mixing time 0.5 year, so SO₂ should be rather uniformly distributed across Mars. Seepage of SO₂ is less than 15,000 tons per year on Mars which is smaller than the volcanic production of SO₂ on the Earth by a factor of 700. Because CH₄/SO₂ is typically 10⁻⁴-10⁻³ in volcanic gases on the Earth, our results show seepage is unlikely to be the source of the recently discovered methane on Mars and therefore strengthen its biogenic origin.     

辽东地区水系样品中铬尖晶石特征

铬尖晶石以在风化过程中稳定性高,分布广等特征作为寻找金刚石的重要指示矿物已在找矿中取得了较满意的结果。根据普查找矿中的水系重砂样品所获取的大量铬尖晶石的分布特征、晶体形态、化学成分,以及辽宁已知金伯利岩中铬尖晶石的物理化学特征,将水系重砂中铬尖晶石与金伯利岩中铬尖晶石进行对比。研究表明,辽东北部、中部地区的铬尖晶石基本上不是来自有价值的金伯利岩,而南部地区的铬尖晶石许多是来自有价值的金伯利岩。     

红外掩星观测的首批结果

自从1991年9月28日我们首次成功地进行了SAO076523的红外月掩星观测以来,又接连进行了一些成功的观测。本文将简要地介绍观测的设备、数据处理方法和初步的处理结果。     

自动气象站采集器通道及合成误差分析

数据采集器通道误差是自动气象站观测系统误差来源的重要组成部分,直接影响自动站各要素观测数据的准确性,其与温、湿、压、风等各气象要素传感器误差的合成构成了自动气象站误差。在稳定的实验室环境条件下,利用高精度测量仪表,通过对多台CAWS600型采集器进行精确测量,得到自动站采集器各气象要素通道误差的校准数据。对温、湿、压、风等要素的自动测量系统(传感器和采集器)误差分析结果表明,自动站误差等于传感器误差与采集器通道误差之和。此外,采集器各主要通道的误差存在一定的分布规律:有10台采集器气温通道误差≤0.1℃,主要分布在-0.1~0.1℃,所占比例为77%;有3台采集器通道误差0.15℃而≤0.20℃,所占比例为23%。在600-1090 h Pa量程内,气压通道误差主要分布在-0.10~0.10 h Pa;风向、湿度通道误差较小,误差值相近,方向较一致,风向通道误差≤1°,湿度通道误差≤1%。     

东部三大经济区城市流动人口的多维度社会融入及其地区差异

以流动人口集中的京津冀、长三角和珠三角三大经济区35个城市2012年流动人口动态监测数据为基础,采用均方差权值法,综合经济、社会、心理、制度和公共服务5个维度构建衡量流动人口社会融入的指标体系,在此基础上计算和比较了三大经济区及其35个城市流动人口各维度社会融入指标和社会融入综合水平得分及其地区差异。研究结论显示,社会融入综合水平得分由高到低依次是京津冀、长三角、珠三角。同一地区流动人口的融入状况在各个维度不均衡,京津冀地区流动人口社会维度的融入程度最高,制度维度融入程度最低;长三角地区流动人口的心理维度融入居前列,但社会维度融入位列最后;珠三角地区流动人口的社会维度融入程度最高,公共服务维度融入不足。此外,就整体而言,三大地区流动人口的工作强度大、交往对象固化于流动人口、在流入地长期居住意愿多数仍处于举棋不定的状态;三大地区都存在落实居住证/暂住证制度和流动人口享有城镇医保等方面较为薄弱等诸多问题并共同制约着流动人口真正融入流入城市。为此,需要在政策制定中予以关注。     

青海盐湖锂资源开发现状及对提锂产业发展建议

中国正处在环境污染治理和产业结构调整的关键时期,发展新能源产业是应对能源和环境危机的必然选择;同时,锂资源储备和提锂技术直接影响到国家能源战略安全。中国科学院青海盐湖所经过二十年开发,目前已形成一套成熟的选择性离子迁移分离提锂技术,并经过了产业化和工业应用验证,核心技术达到国际领先水平。该产业化具有绿色、高效、低能耗、低物耗、低产品成本、高纯度等特点,技术通用性好,可推广应用到青海、西藏高海拔生态脆弱地区以及南美玻利维亚、阿根廷、智利等高镁锂比盐湖中锂的分离提取,在高钙镁地热水、油(气)田水提锂方面也有一定的应用潜力。     

脉状金矿定位预测的关键——主控矿因素分析

华北地台3个脉状金矿矿床(体)定位预测的实例说明,主控矿因素在矿床(体)定位预测过程中起到关键作用——"战略"指向作用。内蒙古赤峰热水金矿的主控矿因素为宽缓闪长玢岩脉,其上方约100~300 m范围内为工业矿脉集中产出的部位,控制了主要矿脉群和工业矿体的空间分布。山东招远界河金矿的主控矿因素为位于郭家岭花岗闪长岩岩体与玲珑花岗岩体外接触带附近的断裂交汇部位(构造结环)。山东平度旧店金矿的主控矿因素则为北西向硅化带,主要的含矿石英脉均分布于其两侧约2 km范围以内。确定主控矿因素是矿床定位预测最重要的任务之一,矿山资料二次开发、详尽的矿床地质研究以及物化探资料的综合利用是确定主控矿因素的主要手段。     

孙吴-嘉荫盆地白垩系淘淇河组-太平林场组砂岩主量元素的地球化学特征

沉积盆地中砂岩的地球化学特征主要受物源区控制,碎屑岩的地球化学成分可揭示沉积物的地质信息.笔者通过对孙吴-嘉荫盆地白垩系淘淇河组-太平林场组砂岩的主量元素地球化学特征分析,结合砂岩薄片碎屑成分统计表明:淘淇河组-太平林场组时期物源区的大地构造背景主要为活动大陆边缘,包括大陆岛弧和大洋岛弧.物源区母岩类型主要为花岗岩,中酸性火山岩及低级变质岩.盆地不同位置物源区的大地构造背景和母岩类型有所不同.结合区域地质资料综合分析认为:在淘淇河组-太平林场组沉积时期,小兴安岭仅在太平林场组时期不是盆地主要物源区,而佳木斯地块一直是盆地东部的一个主要物源区.