发挥地震学会优势促进防震减灾工作--关于加强山西省地震学会管理工作的几点思考

随着我国机构改革的不断深入和社会主义市场经济体制的逐步建立和完善，地震学会同其他社会团体一样将成为现代社会的支柱之一。以山西省地震学会目前的工作现状为例，指出学会在管理体制、运行机制和活动方式等方面存在的问题，提出了发展思路及建议。     

Panta Rhei 2013–2015: global perspectives on hydrology,society and change

ABSTRACT

In 2013, the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) launched the hydrological decade 2013–2022 with the theme “Panta Rhei: Change in Hydrology and Society”. The decade recognizes the urgency of hydrological research to understand and predict the interactions of society and water, to support sustainable water resource use under changing climatic and environmental conditions. This paper reports on the first Panta Rhei biennium 2013–2015, providing a comprehensive resource that describes the scope and direction of Panta Rhei. We bring together the knowledge of all the Panta Rhei working groups, to summarize the most pressing research questions and how the hydrological community is progressing towards those goals. We draw out interconnections between different strands of research, and reflect on the need to take a global view on hydrology in the current era of human impacts and environmental change. Finally, we look back to the six driving science questions identified at the outset of Panta Rhei, to quantify progress towards those aims.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor not assigned     

国内外CO2地质封存潜力评价方法研究现状

碳捕集与封存(Carbon Capture and Storage,CCS)技术作为缓解全球气候变暖、减少CO2排放的有效路径之一,其潜力评估至关重要。目前CCS技术主要包括CO2强化石油(天然气)开采封存技术、CO2驱替煤层气封存技术以及咸水层CO2封存技术3类。各类封存技术利用了不同的封存机制,其潜力评估方法也略有差别。油气藏封存和咸水层封存主要利用了构造圈闭储存、束缚空间储存、溶解储存、矿化储存等封存机制,煤层气封存主要利用了吸附封存机制。国内外学者和机构针对各类封存技术提出了相应的计算方法,依据其计算原理可归纳为4类: 物质平衡封存量计算法、有效容积封存量计算法、溶解机制封存量计算法以及考虑多种捕获机制的综合封存量计算法。通过对各类经典方法及其计算原理进行综述,剖析潜力封存量计算方法的内涵原理和应用场景,分析了CO2地质封存潜力评价方法在实际应用中面临的问题,有助于提升我国的CCS潜力评价质量。     

区域复合生态系统分析及其可持续发展对策

从系统物质循环角度分析了人类社会-经济-自然复合生态系统不可持续发展的原因是由于大量生产-大量消费-大量废弃的线性生产和消费模式耗用了大量资源，产生太多的废弃物，破坏了复合系统正常的物质代谢。提出系统调节，实现系统可持续发展的途径，包括控制人口增长，适度消费；调整复合系统生产链的数量结构和比例关系；建立协调的结构网络关系，构建循环型社会。     

区域土地资源配置与社会经济发展

文章在阐述土地资源配置与区域社会经济发展的辩证关系的基础上,分别从土地资源供给约束、资源禀赋和利用结构方面探讨了土地资源配置对区域社会经济发展的影响与制约,并对实现十六大提出的全面建设小康社会目标,从土地资源配置角度提出对策与建议。     

新世纪测绘事业改革之我见

世纪交替之际 ,在信息社会和新经济条件下 ,我国测绘事业要发挥更大作用 ,必须抓住机遇 ,深化改革 ,以适应国家经济与社会发展的要求 ,仅就深化改革这一主题提出一些看法。     

Science and the desertification debate

Desertification is an environmental issue that has major environmental and social dimensions, and which has been controversial in a number of respects. The recent UN Convention on Desertification and Drought places considerable emphasis on the social dimensions of the problem and the role local peoples and NGOs have to play in tackling it. When desertification first became regarded as a major issue in the 1970s, science was seen to have a major role in understanding and solving the problem, but in some circles has been regarded as failing to contribute usefully. This paper explores the nature of scientific contributions, why science may have been seen to fail to serve the needs of policy-makers, and why scientific findings may have been misinterpreted in broader circles dealing with the issue. It concludes by identifying areas where science has still a valuable role to play in an issue that is now perhaps regarded as more political and social than scientific.     

In the Critical Zone: Geography at the U.S. Geological Survey

Geography is again becoming an integral part of the premier natural‐science agency of the federal government. Geographic research emphasizes the surface of the earth, a portion of the earth system that the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) defines as the “critical zone.” Although geography was part of the USGS from the creation of the agency, in recent years geography in the agency has largely been limited to topographic mapping. Recently, the USGS and an advisory committee of the National Research Council (NRC) reviewed the role of geography at the Survey. The committee's report, along with ongoing decision‐making in the federal government, is likely to reshape geography in the USGS. The newly defined USGS has a regional structure and four disciplines: geology, hydrology, biology, and geography. The NRC report emphasizes the need for the creation of a spatial database called the National Map to replace the existing series of paper topographic maps. The report also outlines the need for geographic research in geographic information science (GIScience), nature‐society connections, and bridging of science to decision‐making. The NRC report has been briefed throughout the USGS, in the federal executive branch, and in Congress. The changing role for geography in the USGS requires change in the agency culture, revised budgetary decisions, and the establishment of a long‐term core agenda for research. Academic geographers will need to prepare a new generation of geographers for participation in the USGS and similar agencies.     

浪漫主义地理学：探索人性与大地互动中崇高卓越的景观

浪漫主义是一个历史深厚、定义多元、内涵丰富,且边界实践比较宽泛的词语,同时浪漫主义内涵也具有鲜明的统一性,通常与之关联的理念是独特性意识、深刻的情感内省,以及事物之间差异性意识。关于浪漫主义的讨论,在很多知识领域中均有体现。但在中国地理学界,人们很少将“浪漫”和“地理学”放在一起讨论,似乎放在一起存在用词矛盾。基于文本解析法,以段义孚先生《浪漫主义地理学》为中心进行学术考察,认为浪漫主义地理学是浪漫主义与地理学的辩证融合与实践,不仅是地理学思想中重要的新话语表征,也是一种难能可贵的地理学精神。地理学作为一门刻画人地关系和空间科学的学科,需要浪漫主义的介入。浪漫主义地理学对能量的敬仰和对道德的热忱,能激发人们上下求索,有利于人类空间实践的价值指引,是对人类精神的赞颂,并可使人们精神得到升华。在中国响应全球化和全球本土化的空间生产中,当代地理学的理论和实践,不应只局限于看似“家政学”的知识范畴内,而应在两极化的价值转化和超越中,探索人性与大地互动中崇高卓越的景观,努力关注浪漫主义地理学倡导的价值追求,让孜孜不断的“探求”精神和美好的“可能性”成为地理学崇尚的道德理念和实践方向。