地震反问题研究评述

本文分析了地球物理反演问题在古典提法下存在的固有缺陷,继而讨论波动方程反问题的研究进展,然后讨论地震层析成象和偏移问题,最后对当前研究中存在的问题及发展方向作一评述.     

Fresnel zone inversion for lateral heterogeneities in the earth

We propose a different kind of seismic inversion from travel-time or waveform inversion for lateral heterogeneities in the earth: Fresnel zone inversion. Amplitude and phase delay of data in several frequency ranges are inverted for model space around ray paths with a width corresponding to the considered frequency so that primary effect of finiteness of wavelength be included. For vertically heterogeneous media, Fréchet derivatives for inversion are obtained very efficiently using the paraxial ray approximation, with nearly similar amounts of computation compared to travel-time inversion. As an example, Fréchet derivatives are computed for a teleseismic observation system for a three-dimensional structure in the lithosphere beneath an array of seismic stations. Even if the used frequency is around 2 Hz, the width of Fréchet derivatives cannot be neglected, particularly near the bottom of the lithosphere. Sensitivity of model parameters to observations is, moreover, different in our approach from conventional travel-time inversion: it is zero along ray paths but large slightly away from them. Some model calculations show that travel-time inversion, particularly with models divided into very fine meshes or blocks, might give misleading results. An example of inversion for a simple Camembert model, in the event that travel-time inversion gives no reliable results, shows how this technique works with much smaller data sets and computation than waveform inversions.     

阿尔金山斜坡的深部电性结构及推覆构造

在柴达木盆地西部边缘的阿尔金山斜坡带上进行了16个测点的大地电磁测深工作。反演结果表明,测区的电性结掏具有明显的南北分区特征。南部表现为低阻特征,与盆地内部相似;北部具有明显的高阻特征。根据电性与地层的追溯对比,结合钻孔与地质资料推测,在柴达木盆地西部的阿尔金山斜坡带上存在由北向南的推覆构造,下古生界和元古界地层推覆在中、新生代地层之上。推覆体宽度和推覆距离均超过10km。     

重磁联合广义反演磁、密度界面

本文利用广义线性反演技术,讨论了综合重磁两种地球物理资料集,联合反演磁、密度界面的方法及效果,所做的模型实验证明了重磁联合反演方法在削减解的非唯一性,提高解的可信度方面,是一种有前途的综合反演方法。     

时间域航空电磁数据的反演

本文用广义逆矩阵理论讨论了时间域航空电磁数据的反演方法.以水平二层大地和球体模型为例进行了计算,结果表明这种方法对时间域电磁数据的反演是行之有效的.对于理论数据,一般仅需迭代数次即可稳定地收敛到真值.通过奇异值分析,可以确定一个模型中的相对重要参数和无关紧要参数;对于求解某一特定参数,可确定哪些数据起决定性的作用.由奇异值分解而得出的信息密度矩阵、模型分辨矩阵,分别给出了模型响应拟合数据和模型参数分辨率的度量.这些信息对于时间域航空电磁系统的设计、野外测量和资料解释都具有重要的参考价值.最后给出了实例.