Magnetic detection method for seabed cable in marine engineering surveying

The detection and identification of the seabed cable is becoming an important task in the marine engineering. The features of the magnetic anomaly can be used to detect the existence of the seabed cable. The magnetic field model is presented, and the consistency of the magnetic anomaly distribution between the simulation of the model and the observed data is verified. The comparison shows that the seabed cable can be effectively detected and identified with reasonable method.     

TL-1本安型陀螺罗盘的设计与研究

本文叙述了 Ｔ Ｌ１ 本安型陀螺罗盘的陀螺马达选型及设计中的几个问题,介绍仪器样机的测试情况。测试结果表明,仪器性能稳定,陀螺方位角一次测量中误差≤±３０′,可以替代磁罗盘,进行低精度的定向测量。     

简化磁力计非线性误差模型的快速校正算法

针对传统的磁力计校正算法中存在的误差模型复杂、计算时间长、需要保持水平姿态和已知航向信息等弊端,该文从磁力计误差特性入手,推导并建立了简化的磁力计非线性等效误差模型。基于动态调整策略对传统的LM算法进行改进,并利用改进的LM算法求解误差模型,减少计算过程中的迭代次数,实现了磁力计误差的快速估计。实验表明,该方法在有效保证磁力计校正精度的前提下,迭代次数减少25%,计算速度提高了65.59%。     

Indoor localization for pedestrians with real-time capability using multi-sensor smartphones

ABSTRACT

The localization of persons or objects usually refers to a position determined in a spatial reference system. Outdoors, this is usually accomplished with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). However, the automatic positioning of people in GNSS-free environments, especially inside of buildings (indoors) poses a huge challenge. Indoors, satellite signals are attenuated, shielded or reflected by building components (e.g. walls or ceilings). For selected applications, the automatic indoor positioning is possible based on different technologies (e.g. WiFi, RFID, or UWB). However, a standard solution is still not available. Many indoor positioning systems are only suitable for specific applications or are deployed under certain conditions, e.g. additional infrastructures or sensor technologies. Smartphones, as popular cost-effective multi-sensor systems, is a promising indoor localization platform for the mass-market and is increasingly coming into focus. Today’s devices are equipped with a variety of sensors that can be used for indoor positioning. In this contribution, an approach to smartphone-based pedestrian indoor localization is presented. The novelty of this approach refers to a holistic, real-time pedestrian localization inside of buildings based on multi-sensor smartphones and easy-to-install local positioning systems. For this purpose, the barometric altitude is estimated in order to derive the floor on which the user is located. The 2D position is determined subsequently using the principle of pedestrian dead reckoning based on user's movements extracted from the smartphone sensors. In order to minimize the strong error accumulation in the localization caused by various sensor errors, additional information is integrated into the position estimation. The building model is used to identify permissible (e.g. rooms, passageways) and impermissible (e.g. walls) building areas for the pedestrian. Several technologies contributing to higher precision and robustness are also included. For the fusion of different linear and non-linear data, an advanced algorithm based on the Sequential Monte Carlo method is presented.     

Palaeoseismic records in lacustrine sediments—A case study of the Daqingshan piedmont fault and Hasuhai Lake in Inner Mongolia,China

As a traditional method for palaeoseismic studies, trenching can be combined with dating techniques to identify palaeoseismic events and the earthquake recurrence interval. However, when using trenches to study palaeoearthquakes, factors such as the active tectonic background of the earthquake‐caused structure, the lithology on both sides of the fault, the geomorphology location and type and the samples and methods for dating will affect the location of the trench. Thus, trenches should be carefully selected and used to identify the impact of ancient earthquakes. The results have substantial uncertainties and limitations. In recent years, scholars have made considerable progress in using other methods to reveal the palaeoseismic information of faults. Moreover, the history of fault activity may have been recorded in the lacustrine sediment adjacent to the fault. Hasuhai Lake is adjacent to the middle segment of the Daqingshan piedmont fault in Inner Mongolia. Since the Holocene, the region has experienced a temperate continental semi‐arid climate with little interference, and Hasuhai Lake and peripheral waters present weak hydrodynamic conditions that provide an ideal location for the study of palaeoseismic records in lacustrine sediments. Sediment samples and samples for dating were collected from three trenches excavated on the periphery of the Hasuhai Lake. Their variations in grain size and magnetic susceptibility revealed that wind and flowing water jointly produced the sedimentary conditions of Hasuhai sediments. The ¹⁴C dating results and variations in the grain size distribution, grain size components and magnetic susceptibility of sediments caused by seismic events obtained in this study were compared with those caused by a series of palaeoseismic events at the middle segment of the Daqingshan piedmont fault reported by previous studies using trenches, knickpoints and palaeosol records. The results identified seven palaeoseismic events recorded near Hasuhai Lake since 12,000 years. The combined use of lacustrine sediment variation characteristics and dating techniques is an effective method for studying palaeoseismic events.     

The Glueckstadt Graben of the North-German Basin: new insights into the structure from 3D and 2D gravity analyses

The structure of the Glueckstadt Graben has been investigated by use of 3D gravity backstripping technique and by 2D gravity and magnetic modelling. Subtracting the gravity effects of the Meso-Cenozoic sediments together with Permian salt reveals a positive residual anomaly within the Glueckstadt Graben. This anomaly includes two local maxima over the Westholstein and Eastholstein Troughs. The 2D gravity models point to the presence of a high-density body within the lower crust of the Glueckstadt Graben. In addition, the results of 2D magnetic modelling indicate that the central part of the high-density body is overlain by an area with high susceptibility. Most probable, the formation of this high-density body is a result of complex poly-phase tectonic history of the study area. Finally, the results of gravity modelling indicate that Permian salt is not homogeneous. 3D gravity analysis and, especially, 2D gravity modelling have distinguished the differences in degree of salt saturation in salt-rich bodies, and elucidate the proportion of Rotliegend salt.     

How can α 2-dynamos generate axisymmetric magnetic fields?

Inspired by a recently observed axisymmetric field in a fully convective star we investigate the influence of an anisotropic diffusivity on the dynamo. We find that with reasonable assumptions for the anisotropy of the diffusivity and the α -effect the preference of axisymmetric modes is achieved. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Variations of the magnetic field near Mars caused by magnetic crustal anomalies

The possible avenues for photoelectron transport were determined during southern hemisphere winter at Mars by using a mapping analysis of the theoretical magnetic field. Magnetic field line tracing was performed by superposing two magnetic field models: (1) magnetic field derived from a three-dimensional (3D) self-consistent quasi-neutral hybrid model which does not contain the Martian crustal magnetic anomalies and (2) a 3D map of the magnetic field associated with the magnetic anomalies based on Mars Global Surveyor magnetic field measurements. It was found that magnetic field lines connected to the nightside of the planet are mainly channeled within the optical shadow of the magnetotail whereas magnetic field lines connected to the dayside of the planet are observed to form the remainder of the magnetosphere. The simulation suggests that the crustal anomalies create “a magnetic shield” by decreasing the region near Mars which is magnetically connected to the Martian magnetosphere. The rotation of Mars causes periodic changes in magnetic connectivity, but not to qualitative changes in the overall magnetic field draping around Mars.     

泥河湾盆地下沙沟剖面磁组构特征分析与古湖环境变化研究

泥河湾盆地是中国北方很重要的沉积盆地,但由于盆地范围较广,局部地区环境变化差异较大,目前对泥河湾盆地的环境变化的认识还较为局限。文章通过对下沙沟剖面（厚度260 m）的河湖相沉积物进行详细的岩石磁学和磁组构研究,以尝试恢复下沙沟地区以及盆地东部古湖环境的演化过程,希望能够对泥河湾盆地环境变化提供一些新的指示。研究结果显示,样品中磁性矿物以PSD的磁铁矿颗粒为主,部分样品中含有少量赤铁矿。下沙沟剖面的沉积物受后期扰动很小,属于正常的重力沉积。沉积物磁面理（F）比磁线理（L）更发育,磁组构参数中磁面理F、各向异性度P_j和水流速度函数Fs对环境变化的响应更加明显,古水流分析结果显示下沙沟地区没有长期稳定的流向,环境变化情况复杂。根据下沙沟剖面河湖相沉积物的磁性地层学年龄框架,以郝家台剖面顶部河湖相沉积物的年龄作为该剖面的顶界,得到了下沙沟剖面2.7~0.3 Ma的磁组构参数变化特征。结合岩性和磁组构参数变化的阶段性特征,将下沙沟地区以及盆地东部古湖环境演化历史分为5个阶段：2.7~2.4 Ma,古湖早期逐渐扩张,于早更新世达到了古湖发育的最盛时期,水体动荡,略不稳定;2.4~1.9 Ma,环境变化主要受气候因素影响,下沙沟地区水动力频繁变化,古湖经历了一次扩张和收缩;1.9~1.3 Ma,下沙沟地区的沉积主要受控于河流作用,盆地东部主要受到构造因素的影响,古湖处于持续收缩的阶段;1.3~0.9 Ma,下沙沟地区环境变化剧烈,受中更新世气候转型的影响较大,古湖东部也较大范围的受到中更新世气候转型的影响;0.9~0.3 Ma,全球气候变化剧烈,对古湖东部环境也有一定的影响,但整体还处于水体较为稳定的湖泊环境,古湖并未开始消亡。