Early Neoproterozoic granulite facies metamorphism of mafic dykes from the Vestfold Block,east Antarctica

Proterozoic mafic dykes from the southwestern Vestfold Block experienced heterogeneous granulite facies metamorphism, characterized by spotted or fractured garnet‐bearing aggregates in garnet‐absent groundmass. The garnet‐absent groundmass typically preserves an ophitic texture composed of lathy plagioclase, intergranular clinopyroxene and Fe–Ti oxides. Garnet‐bearing domains consist mainly of a metamorphic assemblage of garnet, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, hornblende, biotite, plagioclase, K‐feldspar, quartz and Fe–Ti oxides. Chemical compositions and textural relationships suggest that these metamorphic minerals reached local equilibrium in the centre of the garnet‐bearing domains. Pseudosection calculations in the model system NCFMASHTO (Na₂O–CaO–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O–TiO₂–Fe₂O₃) yield P–T estimates of 820–870 °C and 8.4–9.7 kbar. Ion microprobe U–Pb zircon dating reveals that the NW‐ and N‐trending mafic dykes were emplaced at 1764 ± 25 and 1232 ± 12 Ma, respectively, whereas their metamorphic ages cluster between 957 ± 7 and 938 ± 9 Ma. The identification of granulite facies mineral inclusions in metamorphic zircon domains is also consistent with early Neoproterozoic metamorphism. Therefore, the southwestern margin of the Vestfold Block is inferred to have been buried to depths of ~30–35 km beneath the Rayner orogen during the late stage of the late Mesoproterozoic/early Neoproterozoic collision between the Indian craton and east Antarctica (i.e. the Lambert Terrane or the Ruker craton including the Lambert Terrane). The lack of penetrative deformation and intensive fluid–rock interaction in the rigid Vestfold Block prevented the nucleation and growth of garnet and resulted in the heterogeneous granulite facies metamorphism of the mafic dykes.     

Magnetic anomalies across Bastar craton and Pranhita-Godavari basin in south of central India

Aeromagnetic anomalies over Bastar craton and Pranhita-Godavari (P-G) basin in the south of central India could be attributed to NW-SE striking mafic intrusives in both the areas at variable depths. Such intrusions can be explained considering the collision of the Bastar and Dharwar cratons by the end of the Archaean and the development of tensile regimes that followed in the Paleoproterozoic, facilitating intrusions of mafic dykes into the continental crust. The P-G basin area, being a zone of crustal weakness along the contact of the Bastar and Dharwar cratons, also experienced extensional tectonics. The inferred remanent magnetization of these dykes dips upwards and it is such that the dykes are oriented towards the east of the magnetic north at the time of their formation compared to their present NW-SE strike. Assuming that there was no imprint of magnetization of a later date, it is concluded that the Indian plate was located in the southern hemisphere, either independently or as part of a supercontinent, for some span of time during Paleoproterozoic and was involved in complex path of movement and rotation subsequently. The paper presents a case study of the utility of aeromagnetic anomalies in qualitatively deducing the palaeopositions of the landmasses from the interpreted remanent magnetism of buried intrusive bodies.     

长江中下游晚中生代中基性岩的铅同位素特征:富集地幔的证据

长江中下游东段庐枞、怀宁、繁昌、铜陵和宁芜地区的中基性岩属于碱性系列 ,具有高的U ,Th含量和Th/Pb ,U/Pb比值 ,分别平均为 2 .82× 10 -6,9.5 6× 10 -6和 0 .6 35 ,0 .184。样品的初始铅同位素 (130Ma)组成为 :(2 0 6Pb/ 2 0 4Pb) i=17.6 5～ 18.6 0 ,(2 0 7Pb/ 2 0 4Pb) i=15 .4 2～ 15 .5 0 ,(2 0 8Pb/ 2 0 4Pb) i=37.6 7～ 38.0 4。形成中基性岩的原始岩浆来源于富集的岩石圈地幔 ,具有EMⅠ和EMⅡ ,且以EMⅡ为主的特征。和长江中下游西段黄石地区以及大别地块西南部玄武岩的比较表明 ,长江中下游地区岩石圈地幔高的Th/Pb和U/Pb比值可能和俯冲板片析出流体的交代有关。晚中生代时期 ,华北板块岩石圈地幔以EMⅠ特征为主 ,华南板块岩石圈地幔以EMⅡ特征为主 ,岩石圈地幔性质的区域性分布与印支期扬子板块深俯冲事件密切相关。虽然中国东部新生代玄武岩因岩石圈大规模减薄表现了亏损特征 ,但残留的富集岩石圈地幔在中国东部新生代玄武岩的Pb同位素中仍有所反映     

青海格尔木哈希牙地区中基性岩墙群地球化学特征与LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄

位于东昆仑造山带上的东昆北哈希牙地区发育中基性岩墙群。其岩性主要为辉绿岩、闪斜煌斑岩和闪长玢岩,地球化学数据显示其具有高钾钙碱性玄武岩系列特征。轻、重稀土元素存在较高程度分馏,LREE/HREE值为4.72~8.66,平均值为6.57。δEu值介于0.81~0.98之间,平均值为0.91,显示出微弱的负Eu异常,表明斜长石的分离结晶作用不明显,富集Rb、Ba、Pb、K等大离子亲石元素,贫高场强元素Ta、Nb、Zr、Hf等地球化学特征,主体显示板内玄武岩特征,但有来自俯冲带的部分信息。采用LA-ICP-MS技术对锆石进行了U-Th-Pb同位素测定,结果显示锆石年龄较为分散,其中8颗岩浆锆石给出的206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为411.5±7.5Ma,代表了格尔木哈希牙地区辉绿岩墙的结晶年龄,反映东昆北地块于晚志留世—早泥盆世已由地体碰撞的挤压状态转为碰撞后伸展状态,标志着该地区加里东期构造旋回的结束。     

Pervasive granitoid magma transfer through the lower–middle crust during non-coaxial compressional deformation

Granitic magmas migrated through Early Proterozoic middle–lower crust at Mt Hay, central Australia, via a diverse network of narrow structurally controlled channelways, during a period of progressive W–SW-directed thrusting (D1a–D1d). They utilized existing folds, boudins and shear zones, or created new channels by magmatic fracture either parallel to layering or, rarely, in irregular arrays. The magmas rose obliquely, parallel to the plunging (50–60°) regional elongation direction, which was defined by coaxial folds, boudin necks and a strong mineral-elongation lineation. Megacrystic charnockitic magmas migrated through metre-scale conduits during D1a–D1b, but leucosomes were generally restricted to smaller (centimetre-scale) structures that existed throughout the entire deformation history. Thus, D1a/D1b leucosomes were potential feeders of in situ partial melts to the adjacent larger conduits of charnockite magma, thereby providing a pervasive interconnected network that allowed efficient migration of all magma types during the early stages of thrusting. The upper–middle crust of the Anmatjira–Reynolds Range area contains abundant megacrystic granitoid sheets that are of similar age and geochemistry to those at Mt Hay. They are considered to have formed as syntectonic intrusions emplaced during W–SW-directed thrusting, as at Mt Hay, suggesting that granitic magmas formed near the base of the continental crust passed through the mid-lower crustal level (25–30 km) exposed at Mt Hay and accumulated, in batholithic proportions, at shallower crustal levels (12–20 km) such as the Anmatjira–Reynolds Range area. The observations imply that granitoid magmas in the deep crust are capable of pervasive migration through the crust during major compressive, noncoaxial shear deformation. Localization of magmas by sequentially developed, narrow, compressive structures suggests that dilatancy followed successive foliation-forming events, a situation that can occur during steady-state deformation if the effective confining pressures are low, which would be a result of high and possibly variable rates of magma influx. The inferred rapid melt segregation and migration during deformation suggest that large chambers do not form until magma reaches neutral buoyancy in the middle to upper continental crust.     

黔西晚二叠世煤系基底凝灰岩中稀土元素的富集机制

我国西南地区晚二叠世含煤岩系基底蚀变凝灰岩中高度富集稀土元素等多种关键金属。低温热液作用通常对煤和煤系中稀土元素的富集成矿有重要贡献,黔西地区位于世界著名的大范围低温热液作用区内,是研究低温热液作用下煤系稀土元素富集机理的良好对象。蚀变凝灰岩的地球化学和矿物学组成可以提供凝灰岩蚀变过程中流体演化、热演化和成矿过程等信息,但以前的研究对凝灰岩中蚀变矿物组成以及矿物的共伴生关系还缺乏深入探讨,限制了对关键金属富集过程的认识。研究结果表明：凝灰岩具有与高钛玄武岩一致的地球化学组成;火山玻璃以及由长石、辉石等交代蚀变形成的次生矿物,可能形成于表生风化或早期成岩阶段。稀土元素主要赋存在后期热液成因的脉状独居石中。本文提出了西南地区晚二叠世煤系基底凝灰岩中稀土元素富集的模式：降落后火山灰经历了表生风化作用,地表水和周期性海水的作用导致凝灰岩层顶部样品中的稀土元素发生淋滤而向下迁移,后期出渗型热液流体与凝灰岩发生的水岩作用,导致下部凝灰岩中的稀土元素被析出并随热液流体迁移到凝灰岩层上部而富集。     

Calcite precipitation and Recrystallization fabrics—their significance in Jurassic Limestones of Europe

Many fabrics in Corallian (Upper Jurassic) carbonates in England, France and Switzerland are bigenetic, forming by solution/precipitation and recrystallization processes. Early precipitated cements are non‐ferroan, whereas those formed later are decidedly ferroan. Mossbauer spectroscopy has shown that the iron in the carbonates is largely divalent, substituting for calcium in the calcite lattice. The cements may be subdivided into those forming in an oxidizing environment, and those forming in a reducing environment. Fabric evidence indicates that a solution period separates the two cement phases. The diagenetic history is linked with the sedimentation pattern. Thus, under progressive build up of sediments into shallow‐water or supratidal conditions, the first‐phase cement probably precipitated from non‐marine, partially oxygenated vadose water. Subsequent subsidence and sedimentation resulted in the depression of partially cemented sediments into zones within the sedimentary pile conducive first to pyrite precipitation, and then to ferroan calcite precipitation. Fabrics can therefore be used to interpret the diagenetic environment of regressive sedimentary associations.     

藏北羌塘南部地区基性岩墙与玄武岩的岩浆同源性

青藏高原羌塘南部地区沿龙木错－双湖缝合带南侧成群分布着近东西向的基性岩墙,形成时代为晚石炭世—早二叠世,其围岩是以晚石炭世—早二叠世裂谷型沉积为主并夹有基性火山岩的浅变质岩系。基性火山岩夹层的数量和厚度有由北向南由多变少的趋势。基性岩墙的岩石类型主要为辉绿岩,火山岩以玄武岩为主,玄武安山岩次之。基性岩墙与基性火山岩在空间上密切共生,形成于大致相同的地质时期内。二者均经历了低绿片岩相变质作用,且化学成分相近,稀土元素、微量元素组成均与板内玄武岩具有相似的特点。初步判定羌塘南部地区基性岩墙群与基性火山岩来自同一岩浆源,为晚石炭世—早二叠世冈瓦纳大陆北缘裂解的产物。     

浙江淳安木瓜基性岩墙群U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及意义

浙江淳安木瓜地区基性岩墙群以NW-SE向产出,岩性丰要为辉绿岩和辉绿玢岩,地球化学分析显示其主要属于拉斑玄武岩系列.稀土元素分布模式均表现为右倾型,(La/Yb)N=5.1～7.6,平均为6.4,反映轻重稀土元素分异较为明显,重稀土元素明显亏损,表明源区有石榴子石的残余.La/Sm-La图解显示本区基性岩墙的岩浆是平衡...     

龙胜地区镁铁质侵入体:年龄及其地质意义

对镁铁质侵入体进行了单颗粒锆石U-Pb年代学和Sm-Nd同位素示踪研究。结果表明:镁铁质侵入体是起源于长期亏损地幔源区的岩浆在760Ma侵位结晶的产物,其侵位过程中遭受地壳物质的混染。该年龄结果限定了丹洲群地层的沉积上限年龄,并为龙胜地区不存在蛇绿岩套的认识提供重要的年代学制约。镁铁质岩浆的形成、侵位可能与Rodinia超大陆～825Ma裂解之后的另一次裂解事件相联系。