全月球撞击坑形貌特征的识别与多指标表达

全月球撞击坑数据是支撑月表形貌研究以及月球工程探测和科学研究的重要基础性数据,其全面性、精确性是衡量一个国家科技水平甚至综合国力的重要指标。基于嫦娥一号、Clementine多光谱等探月数据,智能化人工提取了全月球106030 个直径大于500 m的撞击坑,在IAU 公布的有名称的撞击坑及其描述形貌特征指标的基础上,建立了描述全月球撞击坑形貌特征的指标体系并获得了所有撞击坑指标的属性值。针对现阶段尚无一套完整的全月球撞击坑数据库的现状,采用面向对象的Geodatabase数据模型组织全月球撞击坑数据,构建了包含位置、大小、形状、坡度、方向、中央峰、辐射纹等7 个大类52 个小类指标的全关系型数据库,其可对撞击坑空间数据和属性数据进行一体化管理,实现了对撞击坑数据的存储、检索、处理和应用,为其他月球科学研究基于数据库进行数据挖掘和应用提供了海量基础数据,为后续月球其他资源数据库的构建提供借鉴。今后将进一步完善更新维护全月球数据库的工作。     

近50年青藏高原东部降雪的时空演变

选用1967-2012年青藏高原东部60个站点的观测资料,分析了该地区降雪的时空演变特征,并结合降水和气温的变化,探讨了降雪与积雪的关系,结果表明：青藏高原东部年降雪量在1.3~152.5 mm范围内变化,空间分布差异显著;秋季降雪表现出中间多、周边少的特征,冬季降雪表现出由东南向西北递减的特征,春季降雪最多且空间分布与年降雪基本一致;降雪可划分为青南高原区、藏北高原区、柴达木盆地区、青藏高原东南缘区、川西高原西北部区、青藏高原南缘区、青海东北部区及藏南谷地区;就青藏高原整体而言,除秋季外,整年、冬季和春季降雪均表现出“少—多—少”的年代际变化特征,其中冬季降雪在1986年发生了由少到多的突变,整年、冬季和春季降雪均在1997年发生了由多到少的突变;不同区域降雪的时间变化规律各具特点;降雪与积雪的关系十分密切,春季降雪受气温的影响最为显著,秋季次之,冬季最弱;20世纪末,春季降雪受气温升高的影响表现出与降水变化相反的由多到少的气候突变特征。     

Interannual meridional displacement of the East Asian upper-tropospheric jet stream in summer

On the interannual timescale, the meridional displacement of the East Asian upper-tropospheric jet stream (EAJS) is significantly associated with the rainfall anomalies in East Asia in summer. In this study, using the data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-Department of Energy (NCEP/DOE) reanalysis-2 from 1979 to 2002, the authors investigate the interannual variations of the EAJS‘s meridional displacement in summer and their associations with the variations of the South Asian high (SAH) and the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH), which are dominant circulation features in the upper and lower troposhere, respectively. The result from an EOF analysis shows that the meridional displacement is the most remarkable feature of the interannual variations of the EAJS in each month of summer and in summer as a whole. A composite analysis indicates that the summer (June-July-August, JJA) EAJS index, which is intended to depict the interannual meridional displacement of the EAJS, is not appropriate because the anomalies of the zonal wind at 200 hPa (U200) in July and August only, rather than in June, significantly contribute to the summer EAJS index. Thus, the index for each month in summer is defined according to the location of the EAJS core in each month. Composite analyses based on the monthly indexes show that corresponding to the monthly equatorward displacement of the EAJS, the South Asian high (SAH) extends southeastward clearly in July and August, and the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) withdraws southward in June and August.     

地磁前兆异常的动态从属函数

地震前兆涉及到多种地球物理观测方法,且计量单位各不相同,因此,各类前兆异常之间无法进行直接的定量对比,这给地震预报研究带来了困难.应用异常从属函数值（无量纲量）可统一规划不同性质、不同计量单位的地震前兆异常.本文通过研究地磁资料从属函数,发现1995年9月20日山东苍山Ms5.2级地震前有明显的前兆异常.增强了对地震前兆异常的识别能力,文中提出该方法在地磁场研究中应注意的问题.     

京津冀地区地磁场球冠谐分析

2002年在京津冀地区进行了45个测点的地磁三分量测量,对测量资料进行通化处理,通化时间为2002年5月5日16～18时（世界时）. 通化后的观测均方差分别优于1.5nT（地磁场总强度F）,0.5′(磁偏角D和磁倾角I). 将国际参考地磁场（IGRF2000）作为地磁正常场,建立了京津冀地区地磁异常场的球冠谐模型（BTHASCH）. 球冠极的空间位置坐标为39.5°N和117.0°E,球冠半角为4°. 在模型计算过程中,球冠谐函数的截断阶数分别取为1～10. 经综合比较, 最终采用的截断阶数为5. 建立了京津冀地区参考地磁场的球冠谐模型（BTHGRF）.根据模型,绘制了京津冀地区地磁异常场图(ΔX、ΔY、ΔZ、ΔF、ΔD、ΔI)和京津冀地区地磁图(X、Y、Z、F、D、I).     

月球表面主要矿物反射光谱特性研究

分析了矿物在可见光及近红外区光谱生成的机理,介绍了月球表面最为主要的四种矿物——辉石、斜长石、橄榄石、钛铁矿,并分析了它们各自光谱特征及生成原因,讨论了造成同种矿物光谱差异的原因,给出了它们各自的标志性特征。     

2003—2019年邯郸市叶面积指数时空变化特征

研究和掌握叶面积指数(LAI)时空变化特征,对区域植被保护、植树造林和环境保护具有重要的参考意义.本文以邯郸市为例,基于MCD15A3H遥感影像数据、DEM数据和土地利用等多元数据,引入Sen趋势与Mann-Kendall趋势检验分析方法,系统分析了邯郸市像素尺度上的LAI数值的变化特征,并基于不同的土地利用类型、不同...     

The seasonal range of sea temperature on the New Zealand shelf

Sea water temperatures measured over the New Zealand continental shelf in summer and winter 1967 are compared and discussed.     

Interannual Sea Level Variations in the South China Sea Over 1950–2009

Spatial patterns of interannual sea level variations in the South China Sea (SCS) are investigated by analyzing an EOF-based 2-dimensional past sea level reconstruction from 1950 to 2009 and satellite altimetry data from 1993 to 2009. Long-term tide gauge records from 14 selected stations in this region are also used to assess the quality of reconstructed sea levels and determine the rate of sea level along the coastal area. We found that the rising rate of sea levels derived from merged satellite altimetry data during 1993–2009 and past sea level reconstruction over 1950–2009 is about 3.9 ± 0.6 mm/yr and 1.7 ± 0.1 mm/yr, respectively. For the longer period, this rate is not significantly different from the global mean rate (of 1.8 ± 0.3 mm/yr). The interannual mean sea level of the SCS region appears highly correlated with Niño 4 indices (a proxy of El Niño-Southern Oscillation/ENSO), suggesting that the interannual sea level variations over the SCS region is driven by ENSO events. Interpolation of the reconstructed sea level data for 1950–2009 at sites where tide gauge records are of poor quality (either short or gapped) show that sea level along the Chinese coastal area is rising faster than the global mean rate of 1.8 mm/yr. At some sites, the rate is up to 2.5 mm/yr.     

Studies on twelve common bivalve larvae,with notes on bivalve spawning seasons in New Zealand

Twelve common bivalve larvae occurring in the plankton from the Bay of Islands (35°15'S, 174°10'E), Wellington Harbour (41°16'S, 174°51'E), and off Raumati Beach (40°56'S, 174°58'E), New Zealand, during 1970–72 are described and, wherever possible, provisionally identified. The seasonal occurrences of these larvae in the plankton are also described. Information on the spawning cycles of some New Zealand adult bivalves is reviewed; although some species have a short (4 months or less) spawning season, for most it is much longer, possibly with ‘trickle’ spawning through several months of the year.