Influence of lunar phases,winds and seasonality on the stranding of mesopelagic fish in the Strait of Messina (Central Mediterranean Sea)

The shore stranding of mesopelagic fauna is a recurrent phenomenon in the Strait of Messina (Central Mediterranean Sea). The aim of this paper is to test the influence of lunar phases, winds and seasons upon the frequency of occurrence of strandings of mesopelagic fish. Species abundance in relation to these factors was quantified for the first time. Specimens were collected stranded on the shore along the Sicilian coast of the Strait of Messina between 2008 and 2016. Overall 32 species belonging to seven families (Gonostomatidae, Microstomatidae, Myctophidae, Paralepididae, Phosichthyidae, Sternoptychidae, Stomiidae) were found stranded. Myctophidae was the family including the highest number of species (16), whereas Gonostomatidae was the most abundant in terms of total number of individuals (47.2%), mainly thanks to the species Cyclothone braueri. The moon, which influences the strength of currents (highest during full and new moon phases) and irradiance (higher in some lunar phases, such as the full moon), affected the abundance of stranded mesopelagic fish in the study area. The highest number of stranding events was recorded during the new moon: 34.6% of the total relative abundance of stranded mesopelagic fish. Wind blowing from the sea towards the coastline (southeasterly and easterly winds) created the best conditions for strandings. The highest abundance of stranded specimens was recorded during the winter season.     

渤海及北黄海河流悬浮颗粒碳氮同位素时空分布及源解析

选择流入渤海和北黄海的36条主要河流为研究对象,对比了平水期、丰水期和枯水期水体中悬浮颗粒物和河流表层沉积物的碳和氮稳定同位素的地球化学特征,并对颗粒物有机质碳和氮来源进行分析。结果表明,水体悬浮有机质碳同位素总体上表现为δ13C平水期δ13C丰水期δ13C枯水期的特点,δ15N值呈δ15N丰水期δ15N平水期δ15N枯水期的特点。渤海和北黄海的主要入海河流悬浮颗粒物有机质的来源具有明显的季节性差异,悬浮颗粒有机质碳平水期(春秋季)来源以C3植物、土壤有机质和水生藻类为主,丰水期(夏季)碳的各来源中浮游植物的贡献率明显增大,枯水期(冬季)则表现为陆源C3植物分解和水源性有机质的混合来源;悬浮颗粒态氮的来源与季节性降水量、生活污水、合成化肥及河流内源性水生植物密切相关。     

基于地磁与红外双模探测的海洋浮标预警系统设计

设计了一种基于地磁检测与红外感应相结合、可对浮标周围异常目标进行探测和预警的控制系统。系统采用芯片级的微型磁感线圈,以及高集成度、低功耗的数据采集与总线技术,通过探测船体磁性对地磁场的扰动,监测船舶对浮标的靠近;采用芯片级的热释电红外传感器,通过探测人体红外辐射,监测浮标在正常工作期间未知人员的入侵。系统的预警采用声光报警和图像远程传输相结合的方式,现场采集的图像数据经过压缩编码后通过无线数传电台发送至远程岸基监测站,实现海洋浮标的远程预警与现场取证功能。     

Automatic mapping of lunar landforms using DEM-derived geomorphometric parameters

Developing approaches to automate the analysis of the massive amounts of data sent back from the Moon will generate significant benefits for the field of lunar geomorphology. In this paper, we outline an automated method for mapping lunar landforms that is based on digital terrain analysis. An iterative self-organizing (ISO) cluster unsupervised classification enables the automatic mapping of landforms via a series of input raster bands that utilize six geomorphometric parameters. These parameters divide landforms into a number of spatially extended, topographically homogeneous segments that exhibit similar terrain attributes and neighborhood properties. To illustrate the applicability of our approach, we apply it to three representative test sites on the Moon, automatically presenting our results as a thematic landform map. We also quantitatively evaluated this approach using a series of confusion matrices, achieving overall accuracies as high as 83.34% and Kappa coefficients (K) as high as 0.77. An immediate version of our algorithm can also be applied for automatically mapping large-scale lunar landforms and for the quantitative comparison of lunar surface morphologies.     

宇宙线小波分析在大地磁暴预报中的应用

利用Morlet小波变换方法对北京宇宙线台站的地面宇宙线强度在地磁暴前后的变化特征进行分析,得到:1)在平静期,北京宇宙线数据存在准24h周期性的特征,且通过分析周期为12h的Morlet小波"模",发现值稳定,且小于0.6;2)以90天为时间窗口,对2004年7月地磁暴前后的小波频谱变化进行详细分析,发现当发生大地磁暴时,宇宙线的静日准24h周期被打破,其他周期的波动开始增强.进一步研究发现,周期12h的波动在大地磁暴数小时到1天左右会出现显著增强,这一现象在2001、2002和2004年期间的大地磁暴前得到验证.3)Morlet小波"模"数据的急速增大是发生地磁暴的先兆特征,当小波模变化达到一定的阈值就可能发生大磁暴.本文分析了周期为12h时小波的模数据,对强地磁暴事件进行统计,选定阈值0.6,并通过2003年的6次大地磁暴进行预报验证,结果表明该方法不仅能够对大地磁暴事件进行预报,而且提前量满足预报需求,为基于宇宙线实测数据预报地磁暴方法提供了重要基础.     

Spatiotemporal changes of cold surges in Inner Mongolia between 1960 and 2012

In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal variation of cold surges in Inner Mongolia between 1960 and 2012 and their possible driving factors using daily minimum temperature data from 121 meteorological stations in Inner Mongolia and the surrounding areas. These data were analyzed utilizing a piecewise regression model, a Sen+Mann- Kendall model, and a correlation analysis. Results demonstrated that (1) the frequency of single-station cold surges decreased in Inner Mongolia during the study period, with a linear tendency of -0.5 times/10a (-2.4 to 1.2 times/10a). Prior to 1991, a significant decreasing trend of -1.1 times/10a (-3.3 to 2.5 times/10a) was detected, while an increasing trend of 0.45 times/10a (-4.4 to 4.2 times/10a) was found after 1991. On a seasonal scale, the trend in spring cold surges was consistent with annual values, and the most obvious change in cold surges occurred during spring. Monthly cold surge frequency displayed a bimodal structure, and November witnessed the highest incidence of cold surge. (2) Spatially, the high incidence of cold surge is mainly observed in the northern and central parts of Inner Mongolia, with a higher occurrence observed in the northern than in the central part. Inter-decadal characteristic also revealed that high frequency and low frequency regions presented decreasing and increasing trends, respectively, between 1960 and 1990. High frequency regions expanded after the 1990s, and regions exhibiting high cold surge frequency were mainly distributed in Tulihe, Xiao’ergou, and Xi Ujimqin Banner. (3) On an annual scale, the cold surge was dominated by AO, NAO, CA, APVII, and CQ. However, seasonal differences in the driving forces of cold surges were detected. Winter cold surges were significantly correlated with AO, NAO, SHI, CA, TPI, APVII, CW, and IZ, indicating they were caused by multiple factors. Autumn cold surges were mainly affected by CA and IM, while spring cold surges were significantly correlated with CA and APVII.     

永安地震台数字地震观测系统常见故障的分析及排除

论述了永安地震台数字地震观测系统的组成单元及各单元的作用与功能,总结、分析日常观测中常见的各类故障,并详细分析仪器运行过程中典型故障的产生原因及排除方法,可为其他相关地震台站提供借鉴。     

地磁台网高压直流输电判别处理系统设计

介绍地磁高压直流输电干扰自动判断处理系统的主要功能、架构设计和运行流程,并对其核心功能的实现过程进行描述。本系统为全国地磁观测人员处理高压直流输电干扰提供具体时间、幅度参考标准,有利于地磁预处理数据质量的提高。     

全月球撞击坑形貌特征的识别与多指标表达

全月球撞击坑数据是支撑月表形貌研究以及月球工程探测和科学研究的重要基础性数据,其全面性、精确性是衡量一个国家科技水平甚至综合国力的重要指标。基于嫦娥一号、Clementine多光谱等探月数据,智能化人工提取了全月球106030 个直径大于500 m的撞击坑,在IAU 公布的有名称的撞击坑及其描述形貌特征指标的基础上,建立了描述全月球撞击坑形貌特征的指标体系并获得了所有撞击坑指标的属性值。针对现阶段尚无一套完整的全月球撞击坑数据库的现状,采用面向对象的Geodatabase数据模型组织全月球撞击坑数据,构建了包含位置、大小、形状、坡度、方向、中央峰、辐射纹等7 个大类52 个小类指标的全关系型数据库,其可对撞击坑空间数据和属性数据进行一体化管理,实现了对撞击坑数据的存储、检索、处理和应用,为其他月球科学研究基于数据库进行数据挖掘和应用提供了海量基础数据,为后续月球其他资源数据库的构建提供借鉴。今后将进一步完善更新维护全月球数据库的工作。     

近50年青藏高原东部降雪的时空演变

选用1967-2012年青藏高原东部60个站点的观测资料,分析了该地区降雪的时空演变特征,并结合降水和气温的变化,探讨了降雪与积雪的关系,结果表明：青藏高原东部年降雪量在1.3~152.5 mm范围内变化,空间分布差异显著;秋季降雪表现出中间多、周边少的特征,冬季降雪表现出由东南向西北递减的特征,春季降雪最多且空间分布与年降雪基本一致;降雪可划分为青南高原区、藏北高原区、柴达木盆地区、青藏高原东南缘区、川西高原西北部区、青藏高原南缘区、青海东北部区及藏南谷地区;就青藏高原整体而言,除秋季外,整年、冬季和春季降雪均表现出“少—多—少”的年代际变化特征,其中冬季降雪在1986年发生了由少到多的突变,整年、冬季和春季降雪均在1997年发生了由多到少的突变;不同区域降雪的时间变化规律各具特点;降雪与积雪的关系十分密切,春季降雪受气温的影响最为显著,秋季次之,冬季最弱;20世纪末,春季降雪受气温升高的影响表现出与降水变化相反的由多到少的气候突变特征。