重力资料在江苏矿产资源潜力评价中的应用

矿产资源潜力评价过程中,利用重力资料推断地质构造是一项复杂的工作。按推断不同的地质内容,举例说明重力推断依据和结果。从小比例尺到大比例尺重力资料,逐一说明重力资料解释的步骤,并对矿产资源潜力评价工作中的重力推断解释流程做了简要的归纳总结,可对今后的重力资料解释工作起到一定的示范作用。     

湖南石墨矿成矿规律与资源潜力分析

湖南石墨矿具有分布集中、成矿类型单一、品质优良等特点。总结了湖南石墨矿的成矿规律,分析了接触变质型石墨矿的典型矿床特征,并建立其成矿模式。对石墨矿的成矿区带进行了划分,并对成矿区带的资源潜力进行了探讨。     

Hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of Eocene source rocks in the Huilu area,northern Pearl River Mouth basin,South China Sea: Implications for tight oil potential

In recent years, new oil reservoirs have been discovered in the Eocene tight sandstone of the Huilu area, northern part of the Pearl River Mouth basin, South China Sea, indicating good prospects for tight oil exploration in the area. Exploration has shown that the Huilu area contains two main sets of source rocks: the Eocene Wenchang (E₂w) and Enping (E₂e) formations. To satisfy the requirements for further exploration in the Huilu area, particularly for tight oil in Eocene sand reservoirs, it is necessary to re-examine and analyze the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics. Based on mass balance, this study investigated the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics as well as the tight oil resource potential using geological and geochemical data and a modified conceptual model for generation and expulsion. The results show that the threshold and peak expulsion of the E₂w source rocks are at 0.6% vitrinite reflectance and 0.9% vitrinite reflectance, respectively. There were five hydrocarbon expulsion centers, located in the western, eastern, and northern Huizhou Sag and the southern and northern Lufeng Sag. The hydrocarbon yields attributed to E₂w source rocks are 2.4 × 10¹¹ tons and 1.6 × 10¹¹ tons, respectively, with an expulsion efficiency of 65%. The E₂e source rock threshold and peak expulsion are at 0.65% vitrinite reflectance and 0.93% vitrinite reflectance, respectively, with hydrocarbon expulsion centers located in the centers of the Huizhou and Lufeng sags. The yields attributed to E₂e source rocks are 1.1 × 10¹¹ tons and 0.2 × 10¹¹ tons, respectively, with an expulsion efficiency of 20%. Using an accumulation coefficient of 7%–13%, the Eocene tight reservoirs could contain approximately 1.3 × 10¹⁰ tons to 2.3 × 10¹⁰ tons, with an average of 1.8 × 10¹⁰ tons, of in-place tight oil resources (highest recoverable coefficient can reach 17–18%), indicating that there is significant tight oil potential in the Eocene strata of the Huilu area.     

疏勒河流域灌区水资源开发利用潜力研究

运用模糊综合评判和层次分析法对疏勒河流域昌马灌区、双塔灌区和花海灌区水资源开发利用潜力进行了分析评价。结果表明:昌马、双塔和花海三大灌区水资源开发利用潜力各不相同。昌马灌区水资源开发利用处于高级阶段,开发潜力最小,进一步开发应以深度开发为主,同时加强水资源的综合管理;双塔灌区和花海灌区均处于中级阶段,进一步开发潜力较大,其中花海灌区开发潜力最大,水资源开发方式应逐渐从广度向深度转变,耗水型向节水型过渡。研究结果对疏勒河流域灌区尺度水资源的可持续利用提供了科学依据和决策支持,具有重要的实用价值。     

柴达木盆地一里坪坳陷新生界咸化特征及生烃潜力分析

柴达木盆地目前所发现的油气都围绕着侏罗系、古近—新近系及第四系富烃洼陷区分布。近年来,围绕"富烃洼陷"油气勘探,发现了昆北和英东两个"亿吨级"油田、阿尔金山前东段"千亿方"天然气及扎哈泉"亿吨级"致密油勘探区,勘探成效显著。随着柴达木盆地建设千万吨高原油气田及新区、新领域勘探的迫切需求,借助于中国石油重大科技专项,利用硼元素及黏土矿物资料,引用科奇公式开展古水体盐度恢复,明确柴达木盆地新生界为咸化湖盆沉积。从柴达木盆地新生界咸化特征及与已知富烃洼陷进行类比,结合一里坪坳陷周缘有机地球化学测试资料,提出一里坪坳陷为潜在的生烃洼陷,可能为新的富烃洼陷,围绕该洼陷进行油气勘探将是一个新的接替领域,对柴达木盆地油气勘探具有重大战略意义。     

Mapping rice-fallow cropland areas for short-season grain legumes intensification in South Asia using MODIS 250 m time-series data

The goal of this study was to map rainfed and irrigated rice-fallow cropland areas across South Asia, using MODIS 250?m time-series data and identify where the farming system may be intensified by the inclusion of a short-season crop during the fallow period. Rice-fallow cropland areas are those areas where rice is grown during the kharif growing season (June–October), followed by a fallow during the rabi season (November–February). These cropland areas are not suitable for growing rabi-season rice due to their high water needs, but are suitable for a short -season (≤3 months), low water-consuming grain legumes such as chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), black gram, green gram, and lentils. Intensification (double-cropping) in this manner can improve smallholder farmer’s incomes and soil health via rich nitrogen-fixation legume crops as well as address food security challenges of ballooning populations without having to expand croplands. Several grain legumes, primarily chickpea, are increasingly grown across Asia as a source of income for smallholder farmers and at the same time providing rich and cheap source of protein that can improve the nutritional quality of diets in the region. The suitability of rainfed and irrigated rice-fallow croplands for grain legume cultivation across South Asia were defined by these identifiers: (a) rice crop is grown during the primary (kharif) crop growing season or during the north-west monsoon season (June–October); (b) same croplands are left fallow during the second (rabi) season or during the south-east monsoon season (November–February); and (c) ability to support low water-consuming, short-growing season (≤3 months) grain legumes (chickpea, black gram, green gram, and lentils) during rabi season. Existing irrigated or rainfed crops such as rice or wheat that were grown during kharif were not considered suitable for growing during the rabi season, because the moisture/water demand of these crops is too high. The study established cropland classes based on the every 16-day 250?m normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series for one year (June 2010–May 2011) of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, using spectral matching techniques (SMTs), and extensive field knowledge. Map accuracy was evaluated based on independent ground survey data as well as compared with available sub-national level statistics. The producers’ and users’ accuracies of the cropland fallow classes were between 75% and 82%. The overall accuracy and the kappa coefficient estimated for rice classes were 82% and 0.79, respectively. The analysis estimated approximately 22.3?Mha of suitable rice-fallow areas in South Asia, with 88.3% in India, 0.5% in Pakistan, 1.1% in Sri Lanka, 8.7% in Bangladesh, 1.4% in Nepal, and 0.02% in Bhutan. Decision-makers can target these areas for sustainable intensification of short-duration grain legumes.     

Modulation of tropical cyclogenesis in the western North Pacific by the quasi-biweekly oscillation

The quasi-biweekly oscillation(QBWO) is the second most dominant intraseasonal mode over the western North Pacific(WNP) during boreal summer. In this study, the modulation of WNP tropical cyclogenesis(TCG) by the QBWO and its association with large-scale patterns are investigated. A strong modulation of WNP TCG events by the QBWO is found.More TCG events occur during the QBWO's convectively active phase. Based on the genesis potential index(GPI), we further evaluate the role of environmental factors in affecting WNP TCG. The positive GPI anomalies associated with the QBWO correspond well with TCG counts and locations. A large positive GPI anomaly is spatially correlated with WNP TCG events during a life cycle of the QBWO. The low-level relative vorticity and mid-level relative humidity appear to be two dominant contributors to the QBWO-composited GPI anomalies during the QBWO's active phase, followed by the nonlinear and potential intensity terms. These positive contributions to the GPI anomalies are partly offset by the negative contribution from the vertical wind shear. During the QBWO's inactive phase, the mid-level relative humidity appears to be the largest contributor, while weak contributions are also made by the nonlinear and low-level relative vorticity terms.Meanwhile, these positive contributions are partly cancelled out by the negative contribution from the potential intensity.The contributions of these environmental factors to the GPI anomalies associated with the QBWO are similar in all five flow patterns—the monsoon shear line, monsoon confluence region, monsoon gyre, easterly wave, and Rossby wave energy dispersion associated with a preexisting TC. Further analyses show that the QBWO strongly modulates the synoptic-scale wave trains(SSWs) over the WNP, with larger amplitude SSWs during the QBWO's active phase. This implies a possible enhanced(weakened) relationship between TCG and SSWs during the active(inactive) phase. This study improves our understanding of the modulation of WNP TCG by the QBWO and thus helps with efforts to improve the intraseasonal prediction of WNP TCG.     

青藏高原周边对流层顶的时空分布、热力成因及动力效应分析

利用多套、多种再分析资料的逐日气候平均场,通过对比分析,揭示了青藏高原周边区域对流层顶分布及其季节演变的独特特征,并分析了其热力成因以及气候学效应。结果表明,与同纬度的落矶山和太平洋地区相比,青藏高原及伊朗高原区域对流层顶高度的冬夏变化幅度更大。冬季副热带对流层顶断裂带（热带对流层顶与极地对流层顶之间高度剧烈变化的过渡带）位于青藏与伊朗两个高原上空,春季开始两个高原上空对流层顶抬升迅速,夏季最高可超过热带对流层顶的高度（超过100 hPa）,成为同纬度甚至全球对流层顶最高点。青藏与伊朗两个高原上空对流层顶的剧烈抬高,对应两个高原上空大气气柱比同纬度明显偏暖,同时伴随着青藏与伊朗两个高原上空位势涡度值的明显降低。因此,在青藏与伊朗两个高原区域,由春至夏等熵面强烈下凹,同时等位涡面剧烈抬升;夏季时等位涡面及对流层顶断裂带在青藏高原北部成近乎上下垂直分布,与南北倾斜分布的等位温面接近正交分布。这种特征与夏季同纬度其他地区相对平缓的对流层顶断裂带、等位涡面以及等熵面的经向分布形成强烈对比。进一步研究发现,青藏与伊朗两个高原上空由春至夏迅速发展的强大热源是引起上述对流层顶变化特征的主要原因。不同的是,青藏高原上空主要由发展强烈的对流凝结潜热所主导,而伊朗高原上空则主要由绝热下沉加热引起;此外,由春季至夏季,随着青藏高原地区对流层顶与等熵面剧烈相交分布的形成,南亚高压也逐步控制青藏高原上空,在南亚高压东缘盛行的偏北气流作用下,中高纬度平流层的高位涡空气得以在青藏高原东缘及东亚地区沿剧烈倾斜的等熵面被输送到较低纬度的对流层。与降水的季节演变对比可知,平流层高位涡输送的出现、加强和减弱与夏季降水的发展、加强与减弱成同步对应关系。从而证实了青藏高原影响夏季东亚地区形成独特气候格局的事实,说明在这种影响过程中,平流层-对流层动力相互作用过程不可忽视。      

基于灰色关联模型的南京市碳排放驱动因素研究

全球气候变暖已经成为不争的事实,人们逐渐认识到依靠大量能源消费的生产方式、不惜牺牲环境的经济增长模式、无节制大量消费的生活方式应该从根本上得到改变.城市作为工业、建筑、交通的载体,也是高能耗、高碳排放的主要源头,需要改变传统城市发展的模式来应对全球变暖的挑战,发展低碳城市被认为是未来最有希望的经济发展动力.首先采用IPCC能源转换模型对南京市碳排量进行测算,选取南京的人口数量、GDP、人均GDP、人口城市化率、产业结构多元化系数（ESD）、能源消费结构多元化系数（ESCD）和能源强度作为对比数列,以南京CO₂排放总量作为参考数列,运用灰色系统关联模型进行关联度计算并排序.结果显示,南京市碳排放量关联度从大到小依次为ESD、人口数量、城市化率、ECSD、能源强度、人均GDP、GDP,这与南京工业生产因化石能源的大量使用对城市碳排放量贡献占总排量一半以上的分析结果相吻合.最后详细分析各指标对南京建设低碳城市的影响,并提出对策建议.     

东天山三宫铜镍矿化岩体年代学、岩石地球化学特征及对Cu-Ni找矿的启示

三宫岩体是近几年新发现的铜镍矿化镁铁-超镁铁岩体,位于哈尔里克山东段。岩石类型主要为辉长岩、斜长辉石岩和含长橄榄辉石岩,局部有零星铜镍矿化。锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为(281.7±2.6)Ma,表明岩体形成于早二叠世。样品MgO与FeO~T呈正相关关系,与CaO、SiO_2和Al_2O_3之间呈负相关关系,岩体主量元素成分主要受橄榄石和单斜辉石含量的控制;样品明显富集轻稀土元素(La/Yb)N=5.02~7.04,重稀土元素之间具有明显的分馏(Gd/Yb)N=2.36~2.87,δEu为0.98~1.09多具弱的正铕异常,富集大离子亲石元素(Cs、Sr、Ba),相对亏损高场强元素,具明显的Nb、Ta、Ti负异常。Sr-Nd同位素模拟计算表明母岩浆上升过程中遭受了约10%的下地壳物质混染。岩浆源区遭受了明显的熔体交代作用,部分熔融主要发生在石榴子石稳定域。综合区域构造演化历史认为三宫岩体形成于后碰撞伸展环境,该岩体的发现初步表明哈尔里克地区也具有寻找早二叠世铜镍矿的潜力。