基础地理信息跨尺度联动更新规则体系研究

系统介绍了基础地理信息跨尺度联动更新关键技术相关的规则体系,通过图层映射、几何对应、图面综合、要素取舍、关系协调等多套规则的有机结合,实现了变化更新信息的准确提取;同时开展了基于增量的要素编辑与自动化标注的约束性规则研究,并以1：1万DLG数据联动更新1：5万DLG数据为例,进行了跨尺度基础地理信息联动更新试验。     

Location characteristics and differentiation mechanism of logistics nodes and logistics enterprises based on points of interest (POI): A case study of Beijing

The logistics nodes and logistics enterprises are the core carriers and organizational subjects of the logistics space, and their location characteristics and differentiation strategies are of key importance to optimizing urban logistics spatial patterns and ensuring reasonable resource allocation. Based on Tencent Online Maps Platform from December 2014, 4396 logistics points of interest (POI) were collected in Beijing, China. By the methods of industrial concentration evaluation and kernel density analysis, the spatial distribution pattern of logistics in Beijing are explored, the interaction mechanism among the type difference, supply-demand side factors and location choice behavior are clarified, and the internal mechanism of spatial differentiation under the combined influence of transportation, land rent and assets are revealed. The following conclusions are drawn in the paper. (1) Logistics enterprises and logistics nodes exhibit the characteristic of both co-agglomeration and spatial separation in location, and logistics activities display the spatial pattern of "marginal area of downtown area, suburbs and exurban area", which have a weak coupling degree with logistics employment space. (2) The public logistics space, namely, logistics parks and logistics centers, is produced under the guidance of the government, and the terminal logistics space consisting of logistics distribution centers serving for the specific industries and terminal users is dominated by enterprises. The locational differentiation between the two modes of logistics space is significant. (3) In the formation of the logistics spatial location, the government can change the traffic condition by re-planning the transport routes and freight station locations, and control the land rent and availability of different areas by increasing or decreasing the land use of logistics, to impact the enterprise behavior and form different types of logistics space and function differentiation. In comparison, logistics enterprises meet the diverse demands of service objects through differentiation of asset allocation to promote the specialization of division and form the object differentiation of logistics space.     

中国跨区域产业分工与联动特征

基于对投入产出分析方法的扩展运用,建立指标体系,构建区域产业分工模型与跨区域产业联动模型(包括区域间引力模型、产业间引力模型、跨区域各产业间联动模型),从具体产业角度探索中国跨区域产业分工与联动的特征。研究发现:(1)在区域产业分工方面:中部、西北、西南地区是静态比较优势产业较多的区域,而沿海及京津地区是动态比较优势产业居多的地区,区域间产业梯度已经形成。(2)在跨区域产业联动方面:①区域间产业联动强度受经济地位及空间距离的影响显著,沿海与内陆之间跨域产业联动性较弱;②1987～2002年间,各产业综合关联度发生显著变化,产业间关联强度逐渐增大;③跨区域产业联动具有明显邻域空间指向性,区域联动层次与经济发展水平具有密切关系,尽管产业间横向联动与纵向联动相结合的混合型联动格局正在形成,但合作领域多集中于科技含量较低的能源原材料型产业与相关下游产业之间。     

张掖市产业部门用水关联分析

在用水系数基础上分析经济部门用水关联的方法存在局限。应用改进的假设抽取法(HEM)关联分析方法,以2002年张掖市地区水利用投入产出表数据为例,定量测算了张掖市产业部门间用水的关联作用。结果证实,①经济系统虚拟水转移与实体水利用存在总量平衡的关系,在一定的经济结构下,最终需求总量不变时,其结构调整不会对用水总量产生影响;②改进的HEM法将系数比较转化为实际用水数量组成因素分解,更直观、明确地量化了部门间以及部门内部用水关联。     

突发性强对流天气快速识别预警改进方法

传统多普勒天气雷达强对流灾害性天气监测采用固定阈值判别法给出强风暴的冰雹闪电灾害预警结果,该方法不适用于不同经纬度、季节和复杂地形条件下的强对流天气识别预警。本文利用循环递归的区域生长法对TITAN算法进行改进,从而快速识别三维强风暴单体及其雷达特征物理量;使用多普勒天气雷达和TRMM星载气象雷达的历史观测数据反演河北石家庄地区春夏两季复杂地形条件下的强风暴灾害性天气Logistics多元线性回归概率预警模型。对发生在河北石家庄夏季的一次强飑线天气和发生在春季的一次超级多单体风暴天气进行冰雹闪电灾害性天气识别预警实验,并与传统算法进行误差对比分析。实验结果表明:与传统算法对比,该方法对强风暴天气识别预警的定位精度较高,并且其漏报率和虚报率较低,有助于快速识别预警强对流灾害性天气。     

一个物流配送优化算法

分析并描述了终端物流配送体系,建立了终端物流配送优化模型。该模型是一个复杂的带约束的多旅行商问题,属于非确定性多项式(NP)完全问题。基于集合分划、启发式贪心策略和边缘交换算法给出一种可行的优化算法。     

城市应急联动系统设计与实现

城市应急联动系统是城市应急体系建设的重要基础。以青岛应急联动系统为例,论述了目前城市应急联动系统中主要业务模式及流程,分析了青岛市应急联动系统的模块架构,阐述了地理信息系统中的空间分析功能与决策支持功能在城市应急联动系统设计开发中的应用。