Decoding the Development Strategy of a Major Retailer: Wal-Mart's Expansion in the United States

This research aims to provide insight regarding Wal-Mart's retail development strategy in its expansion across the continental United States. The study examines store location patterns and relationships between Wal-Mart's store and distribution center locations and markets. The study shows that, although radial expansion is broadly characteristic of the dense store patterns that have been well established for Wal-Mart at the national level, expansion patterns at the regional level are consistent with a selective process based on factors other than store density. These results provide a new perspective on Wal-Mart's expansion, providing insights of value to retail practitioners and local government.     

沂蒙缺水山区地下水赋存规律及找水定井范例

沂蒙山区是山东省重点贫困缺水地区,缺水区域分布较广,区内地质条件复杂,找水难度极大。通过综合分析区内气象水文、岩性特征、地质构造及地形地貌等地质因素,初步查明了不同地段含水层的结构和富水性;并结合水文地质调查、物探、钻探等综合勘探方法和手段,实施了探采结合孔8口,成功率100%,满足了区内约3万余人的饮用及300余亩土地灌溉用水需求,取得了良好的经济和社会效益。为我国北方严重缺水山区找寻地下水起到了宝贵的指导和示范作用。     

Nonparametric Estimation of Undrained Shear Strength for Normally Consolidated Clays

For decades, various well-known empirical correlations have been established and commonly used to estimate the undrained shear strength of normally consolidated clays in geotechnical practice. However, there are still many contradictory cases regarding the validity of these correlations, so their applicability and reliability are questionable. In this study, an extensive geotechnical database for normally consolidated clays has been compiled. Next, a Bayesian nonparametric method is exploited to identify the most critical soil index properties in inferring the undrained shear strength and a new predictive model is proposed. Finally, the performance of the proposed predictive model is assessed and compared with two well-known correlations using an independent testing database. It confirms that the proposed model not only possesses high predictability, but also provides superior performance over other existing empirical correlations.     

油铀兼探的找矿思路在松辽盆地的应用——以中央拗陷区南部为例

以"油铀兼探"的找矿思路,带动松辽盆地中南部开展砂岩型铀矿调查选区及钻探验证工作.将异常强度250 API和450 API确定为划分潜在铀矿孔、潜在铀矿化孔和正常孔的关键技术指标,对中央拗陷区南部1572个钻孔进行异常筛查工作.排查发现潜在铀矿孔362个,潜在铀矿化孔223个.对191号钻孔和36号钻孔进行钻探验证,发现1个工业孔、1个异常孔.认为区内寻找砂岩型铀矿的有利地段为油田区反转构造形成的隆起区边部四方台组河流相砂体,并总结了中央拗陷区南部6种主要控矿因素.     

Landfill site selection based on reliability concepts using the DRASTIC method and AHP integrated with GIS – a case study of Bengaluru city,India

The selection of landfill sites for municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal involves consideration of geological, hydrological and environmental parameters which exhibit large spatial variability. Therefore, it is necessary to define, to what extent the chosen sites are reliable such that the probability of environmental pollution and health risks to population is minimal. In the present study, groundwater vulnerability to contamination has been assessed using the standard DRASTIC method. The results showed that the study region has 9.45% of very less, 32.94% of less, 25.47% of moderate, 22.79% of high and 9.35% of very high vulnerable zones. The study also revealed that none of the landfills are located in safe zones. This suggests that it requires proper remedial measures to avoid environmental pollution. A landfill site selection process has been carried out using the Analytical Hierarchy Process integrated with Geographical Information System tools. The obtained results showed that only 3.59?km² (0.08%) of the total area is suitable for landfills. The reliability analysis of the site suitability revealed that landfills are located at unreliable locations where the probability of risk to environmental pollution is high. The presented approach assists decision-makers in selecting reliable locations for the safe disposal of MSW.     

川滇黔邻区龙马溪组页岩气富集主控因素与勘探方向

中国的页岩气资源评价必须立足于中国主要陆块的地质条件与构造演化特点之上,对于不同层系、不同地区的页岩气选区评价,也必须抓住关键因素。川滇黔邻区的五峰组-龙马溪组富有机质页岩发育,但保存条件较渝东南地区更为复杂。印支期以来,该区经历了多期次构造应力场转换,断裂、褶皱发育,因此,建立针对性的页岩气选区评价参数体系是该区页岩气勘探走出困局的当务之急。本文在分析该区已有页岩气钻井成效的基础上,立足于扬子海相层系页岩气勘探应是基于保存条件的"连续型甜点区"的选区评价基本思路,结合前人研究成果,系统梳理出一套评价指标体系。该体系涵盖5大因素(区域盖层、直接盖层、底板条件、页岩层自身条件、构造改造强度)、4个等级、17个选区评价参数。另外,根据已有相关钻井数据,总结提出了5个页岩气层评价表征参数(含气量、孔隙度、电阻率、氮气组分含量和压力系数)。根据该指标体系,对川滇黔邻区的主要构造单元进行了梳理分析,优选出5个有利区,提出了各有利区的首选可能突破点。本研究对复杂构造区页岩气有利区带优选具有一定的指导意义。     

海上油田开发井钻井优化设计和应用实践

LF7-2油田位于我国南海珠江口盆地LF区块,是一个小规模油田,根据前期探井揭示,上部地层以厚层泥岩为主,极易水化、分散,使钻井液性能变差;起下钻过程中钻具遇卡、遇阻等复杂情况频繁发生;钻头选型不尽合理,易泥包;下部地层以砂泥岩互层为主,岩石致密、可钻性变差,钻具扭矩、摩阻增加,定向钻进时滑动困难,井眼轨迹控制难度大,给钻井提速增效带来诸多困难。根据探井地质情况和岩石力学剖面,利用钻井软件优选平台位置,对开发井井身结构、井眼轨迹、钻柱力学、钻井液、固井等方面进行钻井仿真模拟,制定出科学的钻井设计方案,在直井段采用“牙轮钻头+直螺杆+MWD”钻具开展防斜打直,造斜段使用“PDC钻头+弯螺杆+MWD/LWD”开展复合钻井,水平段采用“PDC钻头+PowerDriver+MWD/LWD”开展旋转导向钻井,实现精准化钻井,顺利完成6口开发井施工。现场应用单井平均机械钻速29.43 m/h,钻井工期191.59 d,工期比设计提前28.41 d,钻井提速增效显著,降低开发成本。通过PowerDriver的近钻头井斜、自然伽马实时测量和传输,减少地质误判,实现对储层顶界面的实时探测,使储层钻遇率达100%,收到较好的经济效益和投资回报,实现小油田的效益开发。     

天陇铁路上倪滑坡工程地质特征分析及地质选线

在天陇铁路勘察设计工作中,发现上倪滑坡是新建天水至陇南铁路一处控制性不良地质体。本文在充分获取地质资料的基础上,从地形地貌角度出发,结合其地层岩性特征,分析了滑坡成因,认为上倪滑坡在北侧和南侧各存在一个软弱面,滑坡整体稳定性较差,尤其是滑坡北侧危险性较大。通过力学计算,显示该滑坡自然状态下能够保持相对稳定,但在地震或暴雨天气下发生滑动的可能性极大,对线路工程具有严重影响。经过对三种线路方案的综合比选,建议以深埋隧道形式从后壁通过上倪滑坡,保证工程安全性。     

A Review of Atmospheric Electricity Research in China from 2011 to 2018

Atmospheric electricity research has been conducted actively in China, having profited from the development and application of high temporal and spatial resolution lightning detection and location technologies. This paper reviews the scientific advances made in the field of atmospheric electricity in China from 2011 to 2018, covering the following five aspects:(1)lightning detection and location techniques;(2) discharge processes and parameters associated with rocket-triggered lightning;(3) physical processes in natural lightning and attachment to the ground;(4) lightning activities and charge structure in different thunderstorms; and(5) effects of thunderstorms on the upper atmosphere. In addition, some outstanding questions for future research are outlined.     

基于SRTM数据的天气雷达探测环境分析研究

利用SRTM高程数据作为选址基础数据,结合天气雷达工作方式和探测方法,计算得到天气雷达在0.5°、1.0°、2.4°仰角上地物遮挡情况;利用高程格点数据获得3个仰角的地物剖面数据,提高了SRTM数据利用精度和运算速度;分析中结合地球曲率和电磁波折射影响,改进算法获得站点遮蔽角图,站点上空1 km、海拔3和6 km等射束高度图及数据,该分析结果充分体现了SRTM数据的高分辨率特点。最后将结果数据与GIS地图结合,完成了四川省天气雷达网探测环境分析,并给出了各个台站评估结果。