1931年南海西沙群岛北6 3/4级地震震中位置与震级的讨论

根据地震地质构造环境、历史地震烈度记录等资料，对1931年9月21日南海西沙群岛北海中63/4级地震的震中位置和震级进行了讨论。该次地震广州、三水、中山等地的烈度达5°，5°等震线长轴大体呈NW向。由大致勾画的等烈度线图推测，其震中位置应从现定微观震中向东推移110km(20°N，114.1°E)。参考我国63/4～71/2级地震的震中位置与V度等震线最远距离的统计结果，认为上海徐家汇观象台将该震定为7.1级是较为合理的。     

2014年新疆于田MS7.3级地震序列重定位

2014年新疆于田发生MS7.3地震,这一地区6年来连续发生2次强烈地震,震中相距不到110km.由于初始定位误差较大,于田地震的发震断层仍不清楚.本研究的主要目标是利用地震精定位方法对于田地震序列及其背景地震活动进行重新定位,确定于田地震的发震断层.本研究使用双差定位方法对于田地震序列进行重新定位.这一方法假设两个地震的震源距小于事件到台站的距离,两个事件到同一台站的走时差主要归因于其空间位置的偏移,因此可消除由于速度模型不准确引起的定位误差.重定位后得到了435个地震的位置参数.结果表明,2014年于田MS7.3级地震发生在阿尔金断裂带的西端,余震分布的优势方向为北东向,展布长度约33km,震源深度主要集中在4~12km,多数余震位于主震的西南侧.NS,EW和UD方向的定位误差分别为0.5km,1.1km和1.7km.于田地震余震序列总体衰减较慢.根据余震分布特征和震源机制解,认为此次地震的断层面为北东向的节面,阿尔金断裂的西南延伸分支断层是这次地震的主要发震构造.于田地震的发生与巴颜喀拉块体的东南向运动有关.     

利用数字摄影测量进行钢结构挠度的变形监测

钢结构的异常变形或局部损坏可通过荷载－挠度曲线以及给轴的挠度曲线反映出来，利用数字摄影测量方法进行结构的变形监测是传统测量方式的变革，可实现半自动的实时监测，本文介绍了相应的测量方法并给出了实验结果。     

Improvements in mining induced microseismic source locations at the Lucky Friday mine using an automated whole-waveform analysis system

For years, severe rockburst problems at the Lucky Friday mine in northern Idaho have been a persistent safety hazard and an impediment to production. An MP250 based microseismic monitoring system, which uses simple voltage threshold picking of first arrivals, has been used in this mine since 1973 to provide source locations and energy estimates of seismic events. Recently, interest has been expressed in developing a whole waveform microseismic monitoring system for the mine to provide more accurate source locations and information about source characteristics. For this study, we have developed a prototype whole-waveform microseismic monitoring system based on a 80386 computer equipped with a 50 kHz analog-digital convertor board. The software developed includes a data collection program, a data analysis program, and an event detection program. Whole-waveform data collected and analyzed using this system during a three-day test have been employed to investigate sources of error in the hypocenter location process and to develop an automatic phase picker appropriate for microseismic events.Comparison of hypocenter estimates produced by the MP250 system to those produced by the whole-waveform system shows that significant timing errors are common in the MP250 system and that these errors caused a large part of the scatter evident in the daily activity plots produced at the mine. Simulations and analysis of blast data show that analytical control over the solutions is strongly influenced by the array geometry. Within the geophone array, large errors in the velocity model or moderate timing errors may result in small changes in the solution, but outside the array, the solution is very sensitive to small changes in the data.Our whole-waveform detection program picks event onset times and determines event durations by analysis of a segmented envelope function (SEF) derived from the microseismic signal. The detection program has been tested by comparing its arrival time picks to those generated by human analysis of the data set. The program picked 87% of the channels that were picked by hand with a standard error of 0.75 milliseconds. Source locations calculated using times provided by our entire waveform detection program were similar to those calculated using hand-picked arrival times. In particular, they show far less scatter than source locations calculated using arrival times based on simple voltage threshold picking of first arrivals.     

Patterns of abundance and dominance of the phytoplankton of Rostherne Mere,England: Evidence from an 18-year data set

Rostherne Mere is a small but relatively deep, turbid and highly eutrophic lake. In recent years, the productivity and dynamics of its phytoplankton have been particularly sensitive to the interaction between light income and thermal stability. Analysis reveals that interannual differences in the size and duration of phytoplankton crops, as well as in the predominating species, are not random but that there is a reproducible coherence with weather-generated external forcing. Severe light-limitation restricts phytoplankton development outside the stratified period, though delayed stratification in spring may promote relatively large diatom crops. In summer,Microcystis will usually dominate provided its recruitment period coincides with high water clarity. OtherwiseCeratium generally dominates. Examples of extremely stable stratification leading toScenedesmus dominance and of persistent episodes of summer mixing favouringOscillatoria dominance are found to agree well with previous matrix models.     

区位能研究

区位、区位选择和区位优势分析的基础是该文中提出的区位能,即分析各极点因其区位条件 而对区位能客体的吸引力.通过考察极点自身的属性和因极点位于某一区域而具有的该区域 内的属性,并设立一定的程序来确定不同目的类型极点的理论区位能、可置信区位能和可实践区位能.区域的各种区位能由其内各类极点的相应区位能组成.     

跨国公司的组织模式与区位选择

本文在讨论价值链的基础上构建了一个用于解释跨国公司组织结构和区位模式的理论框架。根据跨国公司对外直接投资的区位战略，将跨国公司的投资动机划分为三类：资源导向型、降低成本导向型、市场驱使型。然后，分析了跨国公司的组织结构，并按跨国公司业务国际化的特点将跨国公司管理结构划分为七种类型：国际分工型、世界区域化型、国家子公司、世界范围生产型、世界范围功能型、母质型和母质复合型、混合型。