老挝省域农业可持续发展水平分异与提升路径

通过构建老挝农业可持续发展水平评价指标体系,运用熵值法和层析分析法计算得出17个省域(直辖市)的人口系统、经济系统、社会系统、资源与环境系统和农业可持续发展水平综合得分,并对老挝省域农业可持续发展水平进行排序和分析。整体而言,中寮各省(直辖市)的农业可持续发展水平最高,下寮次之,上寮较低;老挝省域农业可持续发展水平整体差异不大,高水平和中低水平省域分布较为集中,中高水平和低水平省域相对分散,各等级空间分布形成由3个核心区域向周围递减的态势。最后指出,着力于打造3个核心农业发展区域,发挥其带动作用,并针对不同省域的农业发展状况采取相应措施,是逐步实现老挝农业可持续发展的有效途径之一。     

上海非开挖技术推广应用的现状和未来

阐述了非开挖技术在上海的发展轨迹、应用现状和战略思考，并以翔实和权威的资料论证了有关论点，对全国非开挖技术发展有关情况也有概括性的介绍     

Going green or going away: Environmental regulation,economic geography and firms’ strategies in China’s pollution-intensive industries

The high-growth, resource- and pollution-intensive industrialization model that China has pursued has caused severe environmental pollution and deterioration, particularly in a number of clusters in the coastal regions of East and Southeast China, where the Reform and Opening-up policies first started. The lack of uptake of environmental norms/values, deficit of regulatory enforcement of environmental policies, and insufficient institutional capacity have been compounding factors. As environmental standards were raised by China’s central government, the enforcement of environmental regulation has been compromised more in inland China than in coastal regions, due to China’s “decentralized governance structure” and regional disparity in terms of both economic development and environmental pollution. This paper therefore argues that rising environmental regulations, as well as firm characteristics, regional hub effect and political environment, have all been particularly important in forcing China’s pollution-intensive enterprises to restructure their production, through innovation, upgrading, geographical relocation, outsourcing and plant closure, especially in China’s coastal regions. It contributes to recent studies by developing a heuristic analytical framework that aims to be sensitive to the impacts of environmental regulation, political environment and regional hub effect over firm restructuring, but which does so by stressing these impacts are simultaneously inflected by the nature and attributes of firms. The empirical analysis suggests a roughly inverted “U”-shaped relationship between firm relocation tendency and firm size (or firm capability), resulting from complex interactions between political environment, regional hub effect and environmental regulation.     

地质工程专业发展战略研究

从地质工程人才培养角度,重点分析了地质工程专业教育的现状,根据社会对人才的需求、科技进步和地质工程所面临的发展实际,从可持续发展战略的高度阐述了地质工程素质人才教育所需要采取的对策.     

当代水文地质学发展趋势与对策

当代水文地质学进入了生态环境水文地质学阶段。当代水文地质学的研究目标是:从可持续发展理念出发,构建人与自然协调的、良性循环的地下水系统、水文系统、地质环境系统与生态系统。以系统思想为指导,运用多学科方法,发展向生产领域延伸的地下水工程,是当代水文地质学发展的关键。     

榆林黄河中游粗泥沙区生态问题与生态格局构建

黄河中游粗泥沙是黄河下游地上悬河形成的最重要组成物质,从源头遏制粗泥沙入黄是保障黄河长久安澜的根本之策。笔者采用从大尺度向小尺度梯度分析、生态问题识别诊断与综合评判等方法,确定了陕西省榆林市北部7个黄河一级支流区为粗泥沙主要来源区,并在识别出粗泥沙主要来源区生态问题及其之间关联性、紧迫度、优先度的基础上,提出了榆林黄河中游粗沙区生态保护修复的系统性对策。即围绕2个核心目标、3个关键问题,将研究区划分为10个保护修复单元,提出布局7类工程和29个子项目,构建“1廊2带3区多点” 的人与自然和谐共生的生态安全格局,从而达到提升粗泥沙集中来源区生态系统稳定性和韧性,实现从源头遏制粗泥沙入黄,缓解拦沙坝、水库和“地上悬河”泥沙淤积压力的目标。研究成果对于保障中国北方生态安全和能源资源安全等具有极为重要的意义。     

4DSVD分析误差与样本选取方法和样本容量的关系初探

分析误差与样本选取方法和样本容量的关系是4DSVD同化方法一个亟需研究的重要问题。获得支撑大气模式空间和观测空间吸引子的基向量是4DSVD研究的关键部分,样本的好坏和样本容量的范围是决定4DSVD基向量和分析结果质量的一个重要前提条件。首先利用Lorenz28变量模式,用4DSVD方法做了一些简单三维同化试验,探讨了Lorenz28变量模式的分析误差与样本容量和样本选取方法的关系。数值试验结果表明,对一个具体的模式,有限的样本容量就能够获得较高精度的分析结果;在模式系统和观测系统不变情况下,用一定样本容量得到的支撑模式空间和观测空间的基向量具有很好的稳定性,即一旦获得一组较好的基向量,在观测系统和模式系统不变的情况下,对同化任何时刻的观测适用;分析结果对选取方法没有太大的依赖性,但具体的样本容量要视不同模式和样本选取方法而定。用WRF模式做的4DSVD四维观测系统模拟试验结果表明,若样本选取方法得当,所需要的样本容量要远远小于模式自由度。4DSVD要真正获得较高精度的分析结果,需要的条件是尽可能的在吸引子上取样并选取充足的样本容量;间隔取样可以一定程度上减少计算量。根据数值试验结果提出了4DSVD在实际同化时样本选取的一些初步的方法。     

Improving sustainability of urban drainage systems for climate change adaptation using best management practices: a case study of Tehran,Iran

Although the effectiveness of best management practices (BMPs) in reducing urban flooding is widely recognized, the improved sustainability achieved by implementing BMPs in upstream suburban areas, reducing downstream urban floods, is still debated. This study introduces a new definition of urban drainage system (UDS) sustainability, focusing on BMP usage to enhance system performance after adaptation to climate change. Three types of hydraulic reliability index (HRI) plus robustness and improvability indices were used to quantify the potential enhanced sustainability of the system in a changing climate, together with a climate change adaptability index (CCAI). The sustainability of UDS for the safe conveyance of storm-water runoff was investigated under different land-use scenarios: No BMP, BMP in urban areas, and BMP inside and upstream of urban areas, considering climate change impacts. Rainfall–runoff simulation alongside drainage network modelling was conducted using a storm-water management model (US EPA SWMM) to determine the inundation areas for both base-line and future climatic conditions. A new method for disaggregating daily rainfall to hourly, proposed to provide a finer resolution of input rainfall to SWMM, was applied to a semi-urbanized catchment whose upstream runoff from mountainous areas may contribute to the storm-water runoff in downstream urban parts. Our findings confirm an increase in the number of inundation points and reduction in sustainability indices of UDS due to climate change. The results present an increase in UDS reliability from 4% to 16% and improvements in other sustainability indicators using BMPs in upstream suburban areas compared to implementing them in urban areas.     

湖泊蓝藻水华防控方法综述

由于人类活动和全球气候变化的叠加影响,湖泊富营养化和蓝藻水华仍是未来相当长一段时间内的水生态环境问题.蓝藻水华暴发会引发湖泊生态系统的灾害和饮用水安全风险,因此湖内蓝藻水华防控必不可少.现有蓝藻水华防控长效方法主要基于营养盐控制理论、浅水湖泊稳态转换理论和生物操纵理论,技术措施包括内源营养盐控制、生态修复、生物操纵.应...     

Greenhouse gas emission mitigation plan for the State of Israel: strategies,incentives and reporting

In the context of the negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its accompanying Kyoto Protocol, participating nations have recognized the need for formulating Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs). These NAMAs allow countries to take into account their national circumstances and to construct measures to mitigate GHG emissions across economic sectors. Israel has declared to the UN that it would strive to reduce its GHG emissions by 20% in the year 2020 relative to a ‘business as usual' scenario. With its growing population and an expanding economy, the national GHG mitigation plan was developed to draw a course for steering the Israeli economy into a low-carbon future while accommodating continued economic growth. The article describes relevant policy measures, designed to aid in the implementation of the plan and compares them with measures being undertaken by different countries. Emphasis is placed on analysing the progress to date, opportunities and barriers to attaining the ultimate GHG emissions reduction goals. The objective of this article is to contribute to the knowledge base of effective approaches for GHG emissions reduction. We emphasize the integrated approach of planning and implementation that could be especially useful for developing countries or countries with economies in transition, as well as for developed countries. Yet, in the article we argue that NAMAs’ success hinges on structured tracking of progress according to emerging global consensus standards such as the GHG Protocol Mitigation Goals Standard.

Policy relevance:

The study is consistent with the NAMA concept, enabling a country to adopt a ‘climate action plan’ that contributes to its sustainable development, while enabled by technology and being fiscally sound.

The analysis shows that although NAMAs have been framed in terms of projects, policies, and goals, current methodologies allow only the calculation of emission reductions that can be attributed to distinct projects. Currently, no international guidance exists for quantifying emissions reduction from policy-based NAMAs, making it difficult to track and validate progress. This gap could be addressed by an assessment framework that we have tested, as part of a World Resources Institute pilot study for an emerging voluntary global standard.