医用PET系统技术概述

PET(正电子发射成像)是当今高层次的核医学技术。它综合了核技术、核电子学、计算机、数据处理等领域中的尖端技术,是当前医学界最先进的大型医疗诊断成像设备之一,在肿瘤、心血管疾病和神经系统疾病的临床诊断中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文以国产32环高档临床PET为例,较详细地介绍了PET设备的工作原理、总体基本结构及各子系统基本功能,对PET整机性能及其临床应用也做了简述。     

Subsurface offset behaviour in velocity analysis with extended reflectivity images

Migration velocity analysis with the constant‐density acoustic wave equation can be accomplished by the focusing of extended migration images, obtained by introducing a subsurface shift in the imaging condition. A reflector in a wrong velocity model will show up as a curve in the extended image. In the correct model, it should collapse to a point. The usual approach to obtain a focused image involves a cost functional that penalizes energy in the extended image at non‐zero shift. Its minimization by a gradient‐based method should then produce the correct velocity model. Here, asymptotic analysis and numerical examples show that this method may be too sensitive to amplitude peaks at large shifts at the wrong depth and to artefacts. A more robust alternative is proposed that can be interpreted as a generalization of stack power and maximizes the energy at zero‐subsurface shift. A real‐data example is included.     

Oxygen radical formation in anoxic transgression and anoxia-reoxygenation: Foe or phantom? Experiments with a hypoxia tolerant bivalve

Intertidal blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, experience hypoxia reoxygenation during tidal emersion and resubmersion cycles, and this is often suggested to represent a major stress for the animals, especially for their respiratory tissues, the gills. We exposed mussels to experimental short and prolonged anoxia and subsequent reoxygenation and analyzed the respiratory response in excised gill tissue and the effects of treatment on reactive oxygen species (mainly ROS: superoxide anion, O₂^·− and hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂), formation using live imaging techniques and confocal microscopy. Our aim was to understand if this “natural stress” would indeed produce oxidative damage and whether antioxidant defenses are induced under anoxia, to prevent oxidative damage during reoxygenation. Exposure to declining pO₂ in the respiration chamber caused an increase of gill metabolic rate between 21 and 10 kPa, a pO₂ range in which whole animal respiration is reported to be oxyregulating. Exposure of the animals to severe anoxia caused an onset of anaerobiosis (succinate accumulation) and shifted high and low critical p_c values (p_c1: onset of oxyregulation in gills, p_c2: switch from oxyregulation to oxyconformity) to higher pO₂. Concentrations of both ROS decreased strongly during anoxic exposure of the mussels and increased upon reoxygenation. This ROS burst induced lipid peroxidation in the mantle, but neither were protein carbonyl levels increased (oxidative damage in the protein fraction), nor did the tissue glutathione concentration change in the gills. Further, analysis of apoptosis markers indicated no induction of cell death in the gills. To our knowledge, this is the first paper that directly measures ROS formation during anoxia reoxygenation in mussels. We conclude that hypoxia tolerant intertidal mussels do not suffer major oxidative stress in gill and mantle tissues under these experimental conditions.     

共散射点道集与角道集串级优化叠前偏移速度分析

推导了基于角度域共成像点道集的叠前深度偏移层析速度分析公式,提出一种共散射点（CSP）道集与角道集串级优化叠前偏移的速度分析方法。该方法通过基于CSP道集的叠前时间偏移速度分析获取初始速度,利用基于角度域共成像点道集（ADCIGs）的叠前深度偏移速度分析进行速度更新。实现步骤概括为：将叠前地震数据映射为CSP道集,利用CSP道集叠加速度谱拾取能量团获取均方根（RMS）速度场;通过Dix公式将RMS速度转换为层速度作为层析的初始输入速度,基于ADCIGs实现叠前深度偏移层析速度反演,最终得到高精度的叠前偏移速度场。断层模型和实际资料试算结果验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

红外热成像在龙门石窟奉先寺渗水探测中的应用

奉先寺是龙门石窟具有代表性的作品之一。石窟岩性为碳酸盐岩,渗水病害严重威胁着岩体和雕刻品的完整性。准确探测出渗水部位和渗水来源等是奉先寺渗水治理方案设计的重要依据。利用红外热成像技术,在不同条件下对奉先寺崖壁渗水进行现场探测。结果表明,使用热成像仪可以准确有效地探测出崖壁岩体的渗水部位,判断出渗水来源、分布及其活动规律。与以往依靠人工观察相比,红外热成像技术有着明显的优势。该技术可在石窟渗水勘察中应用推广。     

弥散磁共振成像研究进展

对弥散磁共振成像的核心内容——使用不同强度和方向的弥散信息对完整弥散过程进行三维建模进行介绍.首先根据模型可描述纤维数量将其分为低角度分辨率和高角度分辨率弥散磁共振成像2类,然后根据建模所用弥散采样选择方式将高角度分辨率弥散磁共振成像分为多弥散角度方向模型、多弥散强度模型和综合弥散角度方向和强度模型3类并进行介绍,并对每个具体模型分别从模型设计、模型计算和模型优缺点3个角度进行分析.     

VSP上下行反射波联合成像方法研究

VSP资料上下行波场发育丰富.本文在分析VSP直达波、上行反射波、下行反射波传播路径及其照明范围的基础上,指出了常规VSP波动方程偏移方法缺陷,进而通过修改波场延拓方式,提出了上下行反射波联合成像方法,并在高频近似下分析了该方法的成像原理.该方法不需要进行VSP上下行反射波场分离,能够同时对VSP资料中的一次反射波、自由表面多次波、层间多次波进行成像,比常规成像剖面具有更宽的成像范围和更好的成像效果.该方法能够对下行一次反射波进行成像,从而可以实现常规偏移方法难以处理的高陡倾角构造成像.模拟资料和实际资料处理证明了本文方法的正确性.     

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局域化相空间中的VSP偏移成像方法(英文)

对VSP资料进行偏移成像可提高井附近地下结构的成像分辨率。本文给出了一种基于局域化相空间波场分解的VSP偏移成像方法。此方法采用了基于Gabor-Daubechies紧标架的延拓算子(G-D延拓算子)及其高频渐近形式对相空间波场进行延拓;基于局部平面假设,提出了一种局部角度域相关成像条件。合成和实际VSP资料的偏移成像结果表明,在满足渐近展开的条件下利用G-D延拓算子的高频近似式能够有效的减少计算时间;采用局部角度域相关成像条件能够在不增加计算量的同时,有效减弱VSP成像剖面上的偏移假象。     

酒依赖致慢性酒精中毒性脑病的临床及CT/MRI分析

目的:分析酒依赖致慢性酒精中毒性脑病(CAE)的临床及CT/MRI影像表现特征,探讨CT/MRI在该病临床诊断中的价值。方法:回顾性分析32例资料完整CAE患者的临床及CT/MRI影像学资料,总结其影像学表现特征。结果:CAE临床表现主要为不同程度的神经系统损害(尤为中枢神经系统)和精神障碍,其颅脑损害CT/MRI主要表现为:脑萎缩27例;脑梗塞7例;白质脱髓鞘18例;韦尼克脑病3例;胼胝体变性1例;多病变并存24例。结论:①CAE的病理机制为饮酒导致的脑血管损害和营养代谢障碍,以及脑组织缺血缺氧、神经纤维脱髓鞘改变;②CAE影像学表现有其特征性,尤以小脑蚓部萎缩以及韦尼克脑病、胼胝体变性更具特征性,CT/MRI检查对了解脑损害的性质、范围及程度有重要意义,可为临床诊断、治疗及评估预后提供依据。