面向对象的高分辨率影像特征选择研究

本文主要研究面向对象的高分辨影像信息提取中的特征选择问题.文中分别选择光谱、纹理、形状等特征57个和28个进行特征优化,得到两组分别由46个和4个特征组成的不同的最优特征集,并利用这些特征集采用K近邻、模糊与K近邻级联两种不同的面向对象分类策略进行分类研究.最后从合理性、效率和精度三方面进行了对比分析.实验结果表明,对...     

基于线性模型的二维直角坐标变换

二维直角坐标变换模型在工程领域中应用非常广泛,该模型是一个非线性模型,对于多公共点的二维直角坐标变换需要进行模型的线性化,计算待求参数的近似值,再利用间接平差原理计算各待求参数最或然值。本文在非线性模型基础上推导出一个线性模型,利用该模型进行二维直角坐标变换,无需计算待求参数近似值,对于涉及到二维直角坐标变换的问题,可以简化其解算过程。     

一种抑制GPS射频干扰的空频自适应处理算法

为了提高窄带干扰与期望卫星信号同向时的抑制性能,提出了一种新的空频自适应滤波算法。该算法首先利用频域实系数自适应滤波对信号进行预处理抑制窄带干扰,然后在频域直接对处理后的信号进行空频自适应处理抑制宽带干扰。算法在预处理时采用自适应滤波可有效减少期望卫星信号的损失以及SFAP导向矢量误差。仿真实验表明,相对于普通的空时及空频自适应处理算法,新算法有效地提高了输出信干噪比,在干扰与信号同向的情况下也能表现出优良的处理性能。     

相空间重构在滑坡预测中的应用

针对滑坡位移时间序列的非线性特性,引入基于相空间重构和最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)的预测法.利用Cao氏方法确定嵌入维数,根据互信息法计算最佳延迟时间;然后在相空间中,利用最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)建立预测模型,对滑坡进行了实证计算,且与LSSVM模型和BP神经网络模型进行了比较.结果表明,模型具有较高的精度...     

空间句法在开封市区路网空间结构中的应用

基于空间句法模型中的整合度指标计算,借助Arcview与ArcGIS软件的计算和空间分析功能,分析开封市区路网空间的可达性和可达性区域的空间分布特点,对存在问题予以归纳,提出相应的调控建议.     

Implementation of a second‐order paraxial boundary condition for a water‐saturated layered half‐space in plane strain

A half‐space finite element and a transmitting boundary are developed for a water‐saturated layered half‐space using a paraxial boundary condition. The exact dynamic stiffness of a half‐space in plane strain is derived and a second‐order paraxial approximation of the stiffness is obtained. A half‐space finite element and a transmitting boundary are then formulated. The development is verified by comparison of the dynamic stiffness of impermeable and permeable rigid strip foundations with other published results. The advantage of using the paraxial boundary condition in comparison with the rigid boundary condition is examined. It is shown that the paraxial boundary condition offers significant gain and the resulting half‐space finite element and transmitting boundary can represent the effects of a water‐saturated layered half‐space with good accuracy and efficiency. In addition, the numerical method described herein maintains the strengths and advantages of the finite element method and can be easily applied to demanding problems of soil–structure interaction in a water‐saturated layered half‐space. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

顶空进样-固相微萃取测定饮用水源水中吡啶

用75μm CarboxenTM-Polydimethylsiloxane(CAR-PDMS)固相微萃取头顶空萃取15 mL水样中的吡啶,萃取物用气相色谱-质谱法进行分离和检测,采用内标法和质谱的选择离子监测模式进行定量分析。优化了顶空进样-固相微萃取条件,获得较佳的萃取温度(58.0℃)和萃取时间(40 min)。在优化的条件下,方法检出限为1.5μg/L,标准曲线的线性相关系数为0.9994,线性范围为2.5～50.0μg/L;饮用水源水和纯水加标平均回收率为75.6%～81.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为9.60%～12.21%。使用顶空萃取方式可避免样品基体的复杂性,有利于保护萃取头涂层,同时无需使用有机萃取溶剂;使用质谱检测器可减小假阳性带来的影响。顶空进样-固相微萃取操作简单、环保、灵敏度高,适合用于饮用水源水中吡啶的监测分析。     

科技交流中心刚性屋面索穹顶结构施工

无锡新区科技交流中心G区部分屋盖采用刚性圆形屋面空间索穹顶结构,该结构体系由上弦脊索、下弦斜索、环索、压杆、外环受压环及内环刚性拉力环构成,为肋环型索穹顶结构体系。索穹顶结构平面为圆形,屋面覆盖材料采用铝板和玻璃结合的刚性屋面,刚性屋面与下部索穹顶结构体系结合,是目前国内第一个空间索穹顶结构实例。施工方法可供类似工程参考。     

Soil aggregate fraction 1-5 mm: An indicator for soil quality in rangelands

Aggregate size distribution affects the soil’s physical quality and fertility. Widely used aggregation indices include the size fractions <0.25 mm, >2 mm, and >8 mm, and the mean weight diameter of aggregates. A recent study from the semi-arid hilly rangeland of the Negev desert, Israel revealed considerable impact of the type of surface cover (shrub patches, trampling routes, and the remainder of the interpatch spaces) on these indices, but only limited impact of hillside aspect (north- vs. south-facing) and a small impact of livestock grazing. The aim of this study was to address the impact of these factors on the poorly studied mid-size aggregate fraction of 1-5 mm as a complementary index of the soil’s physical quality. The content and mean weight diameter of this fraction were analyzed by using the same set of soil samples. As a general trend, compared with the widely used aggregation indices, the content of this fraction was found to be more responsive to livestock grazing. Furthermore, both the content and mean weight diameter of this fraction were found to be highly responsive to type of cover. These effects reveal positive relationships between this fraction and the soil’s physical quality.     

统筹城乡发展导向的中心村镇建设理论思考

统筹城乡发展战略为促进乡村空间重构、优化城乡格局提出了新要求。中心村镇是连接城市和散乱村庄建设的纽带,通过推进一定乡村地域的组织、产业和空间"三整合",可以有效利用各种资源,促进农村经济、社会和环境的协调与健康发展,中心村镇建设的科学规划与决策也亟需相关理论支撑。以乡村地理学、乡村规划学和乡村社会学等领域为背景,着眼于空间、时间和主体3个维度,对增长极理论、中心地理论、农业区位论、经济成长阶段论、空心村生命周期理论、社区(公众)参与等中心村镇建设相关理论进行梳理分析,探讨了这些理论在我国中心村镇建设与规划中的应用,认为中心村镇建设需要加强基础理论研究,分类指导我国中心村镇建设的实践。