一种英语地名机器翻译方法

针对大量英文地名急需实现中文翻译及目前英语地名自动翻译研究较少、翻译结果质量低下的问题,该文提出了一种英语地名机器翻译方法。首先对于不同类别地名语料基于点互信息和有向无环图数据结构提取地名模板,然后基于统计模板模型解析地名词法结构实现翻译。实验结果表明:该方法翻译精度相对较高,可有效应用于地名生产。本方法解决了地名翻译中通专名合理区分的难题,同时利用地名类别属性辅助翻译,大大节省了人工成本,对我国地名翻译及生产领域具有一定参考意义。     

海洋交通运输英语词汇密度及覆盖率研究

主要通过《海洋交通运输英语语料库》与科技英语语料库 JDEST、航海英语语料库 NEC 和普通英语语料库 FLOB 进行对比,研究海洋交通运输英语的词汇密度和《大学英语课程教学要求》(2007)词汇对海洋交通运输英语词汇覆盖率.研究发现海洋交通运输英语名词词汇密度大、词汇密度低.此外,《大学英语课程教学要求》词汇对海洋交通运输英语词汇覆盖率很低,无法满足专业英语学习的需要     

Lost in translation? Standardising the terminology used in marine invasion biology and updating South African alien species lists

Confusion between terms and ambiguities among definitions have long plagued the field of invasion biology. One result is disruption in flow of information from researchers to policy-makers and managers who rely on science to inform regulatory frameworks and management actions. We reviewed the South African marine biology literature to quantify the current usage of terminology describing marine invasions and found a variety of terms in use, few of which are defined when used. In response, we propose standard terminology that aligns with international practice. We then interpreted the Blackburn unified framework for biological invasions within the marine context and used this as a transparent way to apply the standardised terms to an updated list of marine alien species for the country. This resulted in the recognition of 36 alien and 53 invasive species within South Africa. Most notably, follow-up research is required to confirm the status of at least 11 listed species, the majority of which have been recorded only once, or not in the past 25 years. It is hoped that by standardising terminology, marine science in South Africa will better support authorities charged with managing the threat posed by marine alien species.     

The Need for Definitions in Understanding Estuaries

This paper considers what the definition/classification of estuaries has taught us and why there is a need for classification systems. It further considers why we need to define an estuary and its constituent parts, including the fundamental difficulty and dilemma of trying to define parts of a continuum, as a means to both understanding and managing that estuary. The review considers where an estuary starts and ends and the relative merits of defining estuaries in terms of their biology, physics, chemistry, geographic nature and socio-economic units. It briefly discusses the need for legal and planning definitions and the linkages between science and management. Following this, we present a generic framework for the definition, classification, monitoring, assessment, reporting and management of estuaries. In particular, it is argued that scientists should engage in the debate on the definition of estuaries for legal and socio-economic purposes. It is concluded here that as existing definitions will never be suitable for all needs, a different approach is required. The proposed ‘ Expert Judgement Checklist Approach ’ could provide guidance for those needing to define/delimit an estuary while still acknowledging the inherent variability of such systems. The proposed system mostly relates to the European, temperate estuary, but there are lessons here for estuaries worldwide.     

A Conceptual Approach To The Fusion Of Earth Observation Data

The paper outlines the principles and methods of datafusion in Earth observations. Here, observations of aparticular region of the Earth's surface at acertain instant, obtained at different wavelengths or usingdifferent sensors, are combined in order to derive moreuseful information than would be obtained from a singlesource.     

基于简单语义的地理信息服务发现方法研究

为了解决目前地理信息发现查全率和查准率不高的问题,提出了一种简单语义的地理信息服务发现方法。该方法引入虚拟文档的概念,将服务划分为"操作级"进行匹配;运用同义词对服务操作中的概念词汇进行简单语义扩展;引入词汇语义相似度概念,应用词汇语义库来实现地理信息服务的简单语义匹配。实验结果表明,文中提出的方法在查全率和查准率等性能上均优于基于关键字和向量空间模型的方法,且完全基于当前网络服务环境实现。     

美国海底地名标准化工作管窥

美国是开展海底地名标准化工作较早的国家之一,以其全球视野开展海底地名工作,在国际上掌握了较大的话语权。通过在美国地名委员会内设立海底地名咨询委员会,对海底地名的命名原则、通名选用等方面进行明确规定,不断完善纪念性命名管理制度等,美国形成了比较严密的地名标准化管理和技术体系。这些对我国的海洋管理和地名标准化工作都有较高的参考价值。