广东凡口MVT铅锌矿床成矿年代——来自辉绿岩锆石SHRIMP定年证据

广东凡口铅锌矿床是我国超大型铅锌矿床之一,已探明铅锌金属含量已达千万吨.矿床赋存于华南泥盆系海进序列中上部的白云质碳酸盐岩中,矿体呈不规则状受断裂构造控制,具有密西西比河谷型(MVT)矿床特点.矿区发育辉绿岩脉,多呈NWW向,部分呈NNW向,靠近矿体的辉绿岩全部粘土化和碳酸盐化.辉绿岩穿切硫铁铅锌矿,同时辉绿岩中也含有浸染状铅锌矿细脉,显示辉绿岩形成于成矿作用的晚期,成矿作用持续时间长,辉绿岩就位时间短,就位后成矿作用仍在继续,因此,辉绿岩就位年龄可基本代表成矿作用年代.辉绿岩中锆石SHRIMP年龄主要集中于2213～957Ma、341～216Ma、138～127Ma、122～90Ma 4个区间,前二组代表捕获围岩的锆石.通过凡口矿床地质特点、区域地质演化以及与区域内铀矿、辉绿岩年龄数据的比较,122～90Ma组代表了凡口辉绿岩的侵位时代,相当于早白垩世晚期,显示铅锌矿化形成于华南板内拉张构造环境,与该时期发育大规模红层盆地相对应.由此建立区域(凡口式)铅锌矿化模型:白垩纪始,随着五夷山的隆起,阻断了太平洋暖湿气流的西进,华南地区开始了红层盆地发育阶段,铅锌矿主要分布于这些红层盆地周边地区;来自红层盆地的盆地卤水与来自生烃层的富硫的还原性卤水混合,形成铅锌矿床.     

新疆石河子城区道路尘土的铅污染和铅同位素示踪研究

城市道路尘土中重金属污染已成为当前重大的环境问题之一.本文对我国西部石河子市城区道路尘土的重金属污染进行评价,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铅的含量及铅同位素组成,采用地积累指数法评价铅的污染程度.结果显示,石河子市城区道路尘土中重金属铅的含量范围为19.36 ～ 84.63 mg/kg,平均含量为37.85 mg/kg,高于当地土壤背景值,但明显低于我国其他大中型城市,表明当前石河子市的环境质量已经受到人为活动的干扰;尘土中铅的地积累指数在-0.59～1.54之间,平均值为0.30,属于轻度污染水平.利用铅同位素示踪法识别铅污染的来源,206pb/207Pb比值的范围是1.159 ～ 1.182,208 pb/207 Pb比值的范围是2.391 ～2.457,均接近于煤炭和建筑材料的铅同位素比值,初步判断石河子道路尘土的铅污染主要受到煤炭燃烧和城市建设的影响.     

Gem‐bearing basaltic volcanism,Barrington, New South Wales: Cenozoic evolution,based on basalt K–Ar ages and zircon fission track and U–Pb isotope dating

Barrington shield volcano was active for 55 million years, based on basalt K–Ar and zircon fission track dating. Activity in the northeast, at 59 Ma, preceded more substantial activity between 55 and 51 Ma and more limited activity on western and southern flanks after 45 Ma. Eruptions brought up megacrystic gemstones (ruby, sapphire and zircon) throughout the volcanism, particularly during quieter eruptive periods. Zircon fission track dating (thermal reset ages) indicates gem‐bearing eruptions at 57, 43, 38, 28 and 4–5 Ma, while U–Pb isotope SHRIMP dating suggests two main periods of zircon crystallisation between 60 and 50 Ma and 46–45 Ma. Zircons show growth and sector twinning typical of magmatic crystallisation and include low‐U, moderate‐U and high‐U types. The 46 Ma high‐U zircons exhibit trace and rare‐earth element patterns that approach those of zircon inclusions in sapphires and may mark a sapphire formation time at Barrington. Two Barrington basaltic episodes include primary lavas with trace‐element signatures suggesting amphibole/apatite‐enriched lithospheric mantle sources. Other basalts less‐enriched in Th, Sr, P and light rare‐earth elements have trace‐element ratios that overlap those of HIMU‐related South Tasman basalts. Zircon and sapphire formation is attributed to crystallisation from minor felsic melts derived by incipient melting of amphibole‐enriched mantle during lesser thermal activity. Ruby from Barrington volcano is a metamorphic type, and a metamorphic/metasomatic origin associated with basement ultramafic bodies is favoured. Migratory plate/plume paths constructed through Barrington basaltic episodes intersect approximately 80% of dated Palaeogene basaltic activity (65–30 Ma) along the Tasman margin (27–37°S) supporting a migratory plume‐linked origin. Neogene Barrington activity dwindled to sporadic gem‐bearing eruptions, the last possibly marking a minor plume trace. The present subdued thermal profile in northeastern New South Wales mantle suggests future Barrington activity will be minimal.     

精密弦矢导线法与边角导线法比较浅析

精密导线法分为边角导线法和弦矢导线法，是监测水库拱坝水平位移的重要方法。弦矢导线法是根据导线边工变和矢距变化的观测值来得坝体的实际变形量；边角导线法则是根据导线边长变化和导线的转折角观测值来计算坝体的变形量。比较分析了边角导线法和弦矢导线法的设计原理与设计方法，认为精密弦矢导线法与精密边角导线法相比具有如下优点：（1）复测简单，速度快，劳动强度小；（2）精密高且稳定，不受折光等外界条件影响；（3）便于采用数字化遥测，可为实现位移值计算自动化奠定良好基础。     

发变电站防雷接地阻抗测量分析

防雷接地网作为发变电站交直流设备接地及防雷保护接地,对保障生产安全运行起着重要的作用。发变电站接地网的测量结果存在接地阻抗值超标、感性分量过大的问题。通过仿真计算和实测对接地网测试中的感性分量对比分析,结果表明:接地阻抗的感性分量随着电流引线与电压引线之间距离增大而减小,通常不会大于阻性分量。过大的感性分量是由测试引线互感引起。基于此,给出了剔除互感阻抗的测量与计算方法,为接地网阻值的科学测试提供理论依据。     

离子选择电极法测定水热气体中的硼含量及硼的气态迁移能力研究

火山和成矿地质现象表明硼可以在含水流体和气体中运移,本文应用离子选择电极法测定水热气体中硼的溶解度,以揭示硼的气态迁移能力。使用氟硼酸盐选择电极,测定了经氟硼酸化的硼酸标准溶液和含硼气体凝结水的电位,当硼含量处于地质流体的主要范围内(0.52~524.50 mg/L)时,电极电位与硼浓度的对数呈现出灵敏度很高的能斯特线性关系,标准曲线具有很好的稳定性和重现性。本方法测定硼的检出限为0.13 mg/L,低于饮用水标准规定的硼含量限值,适用于测定水热气体中的硼含量。硼酸挥发实验显示,硼在150℃、0.37 MPa水蒸气中的含量可达0.65%~0.72%,与富硼火山喷气的硼含量相符,显示硼在高温水热条件下可在气相中显著迁移,且H_3BO_3气态分子是硼的主要迁移形式之一。矿床地质特征和实验表明,硼的气态迁移和电气石化与稀有金属型伟晶岩的形成和矿化以及某些热液-气成型Sn-W、Mo矿床和斑岩型Cu、Au矿床的形成密切相关。     

LA-MC-ICPMS分析古老熔体包裹体Pb同位素组成中的误差评价

目前应用LA-MC-ICPMS分析熔体包裹体Pb同位素,由于没有同时测试U和Th的信号,导致熔体包裹体Pb同位素的研究仅局限于中生代以来的样品。本文应用LA-MC-ICPMS分析了玻璃样品以及存在显著U-Th衰变影响的古老熔体包裹体的Pb同位素组成,评价了U/Pb和Th/Pb分析误差对初始Pb同位素比值校正的影响。实验中以国际玻璃标样NKT-1G为外部标样,采用"标样-样品-标样法"进行仪器漂移和质量歧视校正,结果表明,国际玻璃标样BHVO-2G、TB-1G的208Pb/206Pb和207Pb/206Pb分析精度优于0.30%(2RSD),与推荐值的偏差小于0.30%,然而232Th/206Pb和238U/206Pb分析结果显示了较大分散性(外精度约5.0%)。根据误差传递计算,样品的年龄对初始铅的误差有很大影响。对于古生代以来的样品(年龄小于540 Ma),即使测试的232Th/206Pb和238U/206Pb与真值偏差达到10%,经过U-Th衰变校正后的Pb同位素比值与真值的偏差依然小于0.80%。因此本方法可以将熔体包裹体等地质样品的Pb同位素研究由新生代样品(年龄小于65 Ma)扩展到古生代样品。     

综合电法在安徽西湾铅锌矿勘探中的应用

通过在安徽无为西湾地区大量的物探工作,综合物化探及钻探等勘查手段,在庐枞盆地北东缘发现了大型隐伏铅锌矿床。在前人工作的基础上,对西湾铅锌矿16勘探线进行了可控源音频大地电磁测深（CSAMT）和大功率时间域激电测深（TDIP）方法试验,通过数据处理解释与研究,推断含矿有利部位,结合已有钻孔和激电测井数据进行检验,证明在覆盖区找矿工作中可控源音频大地电磁测深和时间域激电测深两种方法组合具有较好的效果。     

Improved Inter‐calibration of Faraday Cup and Ion Counting for In Situ Pb Isotope Measurements Using LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS: Application to the Study of the Origin of the Fangshan Pluton,North China

A laser ablation multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS) method was developed to obtain precise and accurate Pb isotopic ratio measurements in low‐Pb materials (< 10 μg g^?1) using a combination of Faraday cups and ion counters (FC–IC). The low abundance ²⁰⁴Pb (~ 1.4%) was collected using an IC. A NBS 981 standard solution was used to cross‐calculate the FC–IC gain and to investigate the signal response characteristics of the IC. A significant, continuous and linear decrease in the FC–IC gain was observed within 1 hr, but this drift could be corrected using the calibrator‐sample‐calibrator bracketing method. In addition, a non‐linear response of the IC used in this study was observed and corrected by a non‐linear correction algorithm, which was established by measuring a series of gravimetrically prepared NBS 981 standard solutions (NIST SRM 981). Compared with the conventional arrangement, the use of the newly designed X skimmer cone and Jet sample cone improved the signal intensities from Pb isotopes by a factor of 1.9. Compared with only Faraday cups, using a combination FC–IC array was found to enhance the measurement repeatability (RSD) of ^20xPb/²⁰⁴Pb by approximately one order of magnitude when the ²⁰⁴Pb intensity was < 8 mV. Eight natural glasses and the NIST SRM 612 reference material glass (as a calibration material) were measured to evaluate the new protocol for Pb isotope determination. The analytical results were in agreement with the reference values within 2s measurement uncertainties. For MPI‐DING ATHO‐G (5.67 μg g^?1 total Pb), KL2‐G (2.07 μg g^?1 total Pb) and ML3B‐G (1.38 μg g^?1 total Pb), the typical accuracies of ^20xPb/²⁰⁴Pb were 0.09% of preferred values with precisions of < 0.33% (2RSD). The Pb isotope ratios in feldspars from granodiorite and within mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) from the Fangshan pluton, North China, were measured using the present method. The Pb isotopic compositions of feldspars from the whole host granodiorite show that that are radiogenic in the margin zone and gradually become less radiogenic. For the MMEs, the Pb isotopic compositions of feldspars are highly variable and overlap with those of the whole host granodiorite. For single‐grain feldspar, the strong rim‐core‐rim variations of the Pb isotopic compositions and trace elements are interpreted to have been generated via magma mixing. These results suggest that the Fangshan pluton underwent magma mixing of mantle‐derived mafic magmas with felsic magmas, and the proportion of the mafic magma influx decreased over time.     

越南东北部佐田铅锌矿床硫化物S、Pb同位素特征及其地质意义

越南东北部佐田(Cho Dien)铅锌矿床分布在北太省(Bac thai)西部则屯西北,属于华南褶皱系越北隆起区。为了探讨该矿床的成矿物质来源和成矿机制,对该矿床的矿石样品进行了S、Pb同位素组成分析。结果表明,5件样品的11种金属硫化物(闪锌矿、磁黄铁矿、方铅矿)的δ34S值为4.1‰~6.8‰,平均值为5.51‰,极差为2.7‰,显示S同位素组成比较稳定,经计算热液的δ34S值约为7‰。11种金属硫化物样品的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb变化范围分别为18.451~18.682、15.685~15.878、38.909~39.636,平均值分别为18.59855、15.78227和39.30773,矿石矿物μ值为9.36~9.98,平均值为9.80,ω值为39.04~42.63,平均值为40.79。Th/U值为3.92~4.13,平均值为4.03。结果表明,佐田铅锌矿床的硫主要来自沉积围岩及三叠纪的Phia Bioc杂岩,矿石铅主要来自上地壳物质,也有地幔物质的加入。综合上述成果及已有数据认为,佐田铅锌矿是在特提斯成矿域早三叠世碰撞环境下形成的,板块碰撞过程中形成的Phia Bioc花岗岩体为矿床的形成提供了一定的物质基础,属热液型矿床。