大兴安岭北段岔路口和大黑山斑岩型钼矿床硫、铅同位素特征

岔路口和大黑山钼矿床位于大兴安岭北段,是近年来新发现的2个斑岩型钼矿床。文章通过对这2个矿床的硫、铅同位素的研究,探讨了成矿物质来源。岔路口矿区硫化物的δ34S值为1.8‰~2.9‰,平均2.4‰;大黑山矿区硫化物的δ34S值变化于0.4‰~2.3‰,平均1.53‰,均显示出典型的岩浆硫特征。岔路口矿区硫化物的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb值分别变化于18.311~18.356、15.536~15.573和38.115~38.229,大黑山矿区硫化物的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb值则分别变化于18.341~18.719、15.529~15.637和38.033~38.363。铅同位素进一步指示铅的来源与燕山期岩浆作用有关。在铅同位素构造模式图中,矿石铅主要投点于地幔演化线和造山带演化线之间,表明铅来自于壳幔物质的混合。大兴安岭北段在晚侏罗世受古太平洋板块俯冲的影响,发生了强烈的壳、幔相互作用并产生了大量含钼岩浆,为该区斑岩型钼矿床的形成奠定了基础。     

磷酸活化茶渣生物炭对铅的吸附性能影响和吸附机理研究

为综合利用工业茶渣,并探明磷酸浓度对生物炭表面特性及铅吸附性能的影响,本文以工业茶渣制备的生物炭为研究对象,通过SEM、FTIR、XPS、XRD等表征手段和吸附动力学、吸附热力学模型拟合等吸附实验研究了不同磷酸浓度下生物炭的表面特性和铅吸附性能。研究表明,当磷酸浓度为50%时生物炭羧基和偏磷酸基团含量最高,不溶性晶体分解最完全,对Pb(II)有最佳吸附性能,最大吸附容量达到188.68 mg·g^-1,且经盐酸解吸后可多次循环使用。其吸附机理主要为表面络合和沉淀。研究结果表明,浓度50%的磷酸对生物炭具有最佳的活化效果,磷酸活化茶渣生物炭对铅具有优异的吸附性能。     

小高层结构屋顶保温层TMD减震分析

提出了利用小高层结构屋顶保温层和铅芯橡胶支座作为TMD装置来达到减震的设想。通过SAP2000有限元软件利用动力时程分析方法对其减震效果进行了分析。结果表明,该屋顶保温层TMD装置可有效降低结构的动力响应,其中控制后结构的楼层位移和楼层加速度的平均值降低了约20%,层间位移平均值降低了30%左右,层间剪力平均值减小了约20%~30%。利用小高层结构屋顶保温层和橡胶支座作为结构的减震控制系统具有一定的可行性和实用性。     

四川盆地富硫天然气与盆地周缘铅锌铜矿的成因联系

金属元素的搬运和沉淀是热液矿床成矿机理研究的重要方面。目前人们普遍认为热液矿床中金属元素主要呈硫的络合物和卤素络合物形式搬运。MVT铅锌矿床等硫化物矿床盐度较高,包裹体成分中阳离子以Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+为主,阴离子以Cl-、F-、CO2-3为主,很少有HS-、S2-,表明金属元素主要以氯的络合物形式搬运,外来硫的加入是导致铅锌成矿物质以硫化物形式沉淀成矿的关键。四川盆地天然气中富含H2S,其与周缘MVT铅锌矿床具有密切的时空关系,据此推测天然气中的H2S可能是导致铅锌硫化物沉淀形成MVT铅锌矿床的主要硫源,天然气中的H2S与铅锌成矿流体在古油藏中作用形成含沥青的铅锌矿床;当含硫化氢的天然气运移离开古油藏后与含矿流体混合时,形成不含沥青的铅锌矿床。另外,石油热裂解产生的不含H2S的天然气使得含铜热液中的铜还原,以自然铜形式沉淀形成含沥青的玄武岩铜矿;石油热化学硫酸盐还原(TSR)过程中,还会发生溶蚀作用,扩大碳酸盐岩孔隙,为成矿提供空间。     

云南德钦鲁春铜铅锌矿床硫铅氢氧同位素特征及地质意义

鲁春铜铅锌矿床位于中咱-中甸板块和昌都-思茅板块之间的金沙江构造带中部,矿体长约3 km,厚度在1.06～16.35 m之间。其赋矿围岩为火山沉积岩系,容矿构造为印支期逆断层。鲁春铜铅锌矿床矿石中硫化物的δ34S值变化于3.5‰～6.8‰之间,硫化物的206Pb/204Pb比值为18.554～18.656,207Pb/204Pb比值为15.662～15.752,208Pb/204Pb比值为38.801～39.009。石英流体包裹体的HO182δO值变化范围为2.74‰～1.25‰,δDV-SMOW变化范围为107‰～123‰。鲁春铜铅锌矿床的硫铅氢氧同位素分析结果表明,该矿床成矿物质来源于地幔,部分来源于岩浆,在成矿流体上升过程中,有壳源物质的加入。早二叠世晚期金沙江洋盆向西俯冲形成了一系列逆断层,同时导致下地壳部分熔融,引发大规模的火山岩浆作用。在晚三叠世早期,构造背景由挤压环境到伸展环境的转折期,这些逆断层具有张性的特点,为后期的成矿热液提供了有利的容矿构造。上升的岩浆为地幔楔内的成矿流体提供了通道。岩浆内的部分成矿流体进入白茫雪山花岗闪长岩体附近的逆断层富集成矿。     

福建顺昌小王历铅锌多金属矿床地质特征及成因探讨

顺昌小王历铅锌矿体主要产于中-晚元古代变质岩基底内的构造破碎带内,矿体呈长脉状,透镜状或似层状,分布于南北向及北北东向构造破碎带内,为中低温热液充填交代矿床,达到中型规模。     

云南鹤庆炉坪铅多金属矿矿石矿物学特征及其地质意义

云南鹤庆炉坪铅多金属矿床是新发现的一个大型隐伏矿床, 位于北衙超大型金多金属矿床北部, 属北衙金多金属矿田斑岩-热液成矿体系的组成部分, 是该成矿体系中的新类型矿床。它是在充分研究区内基本地质条件, 对比北衙矿区的成矿特点, 认为在北衙向斜构造的轴部应该存在构造薄弱地带, 能够为万硐山正长斑岩成矿体系中的成矿流体运移提供通道和赋存空间, 同时结合良好的Pb-Au-Ag-Zn-Cu-As-Sb组合异常显示的观点指导下, 通过钻探验证而发现的铅多金属隐伏矿床。矿体沿中三叠统北衙组灰岩与下三叠统腊美组砂泥岩层间及中三叠统北衙组灰岩内层间破碎带产出; 矿石类型主要为氧化矿和混合矿, 部分为硫化矿, 其主金属元素为铅, 伴生有金、银、铁、锌等多种有用组分; 本文通过分析和总结该矿床的矿物学特征、有用组分的赋存状态及分布特征, 提出了开发利用该矿床应加强进一步开展相关研究工作的建议。     

Occurrence and significance of blueschist in the southern Lachlan Orogen

Serpentinite/talc‐matrix mélanges, bearing blocks of blueschist metavolcanics, occur within the Heathcote and Governor Fault Zones of the southern Lachlan Orogen. In the Heathcote Fault Zone, serpentinite‐matrix mélange consists of blocks or small pods of boninite, andesite, ultramafic rocks, chert and volcanogenic sandstone variably metamorphosed to prehnite‐pumpellyite, greenschist, or greenschist to blueschist facies. In the Governor Fault Zone, blueschist metavolcanics occur as blocks within serpentinite/talc matrix that is interleaved with prehnite‐pumpellyite to greenschist facies, intermediate pressure slate and phyllite. Ar/Ar dating of white mica from slaty mud‐matrix (broken formation) indicates that the main fabric development occurred at 446 ± 2 Ma. U–Pb (SHRIMP) dating of titanite from blueschists in the Governor Fault Zone indicates that metamorphism occurred at approximately 450 Ma, close to the time of mélange formation. Previously published, Ar/Ar dating of white mica from phyllite and biotite from metadiorite in the Heathcote Fault Zone suggest that blueschist metamorphism occurred at a similar time. These ages are supported by field relationships. Illite crystallinity and b₀ data from white mica, and the preservation of blueschist blocks indicate that these fault zones maintained low temperatures both during and after intermediate‐ to high‐pressure metamorphism. Occurrences of blueschists in the Arthur Lineament of the Tyennan (Delamerian) Orogen in Tasmania, and in the New England Orogen, have different ages, and in conjunction with the occurrences described here, suggest that subduction‐accretion processes contributed significantly to the development of the Tasmanides from Cambrian through to Carboniferous times.     

Age and significance of the Platypus Tuff Bed,a regional reference horizon in the Upper Permian Moranbah Coal Measures,north Bowen Basin

The Platypus Tuff Bed in the Permian Moranbah Coal Measures provides a basin‐wide marker horizon traceable for over 300 km along strike. The bed is a tephra event unit, the product of a large‐scale volcanic eruptive episode involving a pyroclastic volume > 10 km³. The relatively even thickness (～1–1.5 m) of the tuff across the entire northern Bowen Basin (～10 000 km²) implies a distant source. The tuff is ash‐rich and its original geochemistry has been compromised by diagenetic alteration. Crystal content (10–15%) is dominated by quartz, suggesting a rhyolitic association. SHRIMP U–Pb analysis of zircons indicates an age of 258.9 ± 2.7 Ma for the Platypus Tuff Bed, confirming the Late Permian age that has generally been assigned to the Blackwater Group. The age framework now apparent for the coal‐bearing Blackwater Group suggests an average depositional rate ranging from ～133 m/10⁶ years for its eastern depocentre in the northern Bowen Basin to ～70 m/10⁶ years in more marginal settings to the west.     

Two age populations of zircons from the Timber Creek kimberlites,Northern Territory,as determined by laser ablation ICP MS analysis

Two populations of kimberlitic zircon are present in the Timber Creek kimberlites, Northern Territory. Laser ablation ICP MS U—Pb dating yields an age of 1483 ± 15 (2σ) Ma for the main group and an age of 179 ± 2 Ma for the other group. This distinction of two age groups is strongly supported by Hf isotope data on the same zircons. Although the trace element patterns of both populations are typical of mantle derived zircons, the ‘young’ population has slightly higher concentrations of most trace elements, but has lower Hf, Nb, Ta and Pb contents. The distinct differences in trace element contents and Hf isotopic composition of the two zircon populations indicate that they were derived from different magma sources. The dating results indicate that the emplacement age of the Timber Creek kimberlites cannot be older than the age of the ‘young’ zircon population (i.e. 179 ± 2 Ma). This clarifies the inconsistency between the previously reported SHRIMP age of the Timber Creek zircons (1462 ± 53 Ma) and the much younger age (1200 Ma) of the sediments of the Victoria River Basin into which these kimberlites have intruded. The Timber Creek kimberlites are a newly recognised extension of the widespread Jurassic kimberlite activity known in Western Australia and South Australia (Wandagee, Orroroo, Cleve and Eurelia kimberlites).