Earthquake precursors detected by astronomical observations

Introduction Some earthquake precursors can be obtained by analyzing the local vertical variation through monitoring the residual anomalies of both universal time and latitude obtained by astrometric observations, and such a view has been verified by different earthquakes (LI, et al, 1978; HAN, 1993). The deviation and increment of local plumb line are possibly caused by the change of direction of gravity acceleration that aroused by ground mass activities before earthquakes. The other part …     

Latitudinal and climatic distributions of 3D craniofacial features among Holocene populations

The geographical and climatic patterning in craniofacial morphology among recent hominids has been regarded as relatively reliable evidence of environmental adaptation and natural selection,which is largely attributed to thermoregulation.However,the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors on craniofacial features is unclear.Our study employed 3D laser scanning techniques to evaluate the association between geographical(latitude),climatic(annual temperature)factors,and 3D craniofacial measurements in 18 recent populations through bivariate correlation analysis.Significant correlations were found among braincase surface area,zygomatic bone surface area,cranial-facial index(facial surface area relative to braincase surface area)and local temperature,and a clear latitudinal gradient was also found in variation of braincase surface area.No significant correlations were found between zygomatic bone surface area,cranial-facial index and latitude.Our analysis supports the idea that the braincase functions as a radiator and is closely related to direct sunlight.We also suggest that absolute/relative craniofacial surface area varies consistently with predictions derived from Bergmann’s Rule.The mosaic craniofacial traits of American Indians may reflect retention of cold-derived,ancestral features,as well as a response to a slightly warmer climate.Because different craniofacial regions preserve environmental/genetic signatures differentially,caution is suggested when craniofacial anatomy is used for phylogenetic reconstruction and functional-morphological analysis.     

海洋重力仪直接测量纬度技术探讨

海洋重力测量数据中包含测量载体运动产生的对地离心力大小,而该离心力大小与纬度有关,利用此原理,设计了一种测量方法,可以测量出该离心力的大小,进而计算出所处纬度值;通过对测量方法的精度分析,提出了最佳测量方案。从计算实例来看,运用该方法可以有效地测量出测量点的纬度。     

基于第二类椭圆积分的子午线弧长公式变换及解算

通过推导,将子午线弧长公式变换为基于第二类椭圆积分的两种形式：“形式Ⅰ”将子午线弧长公式表达为一个有理函数和第二类椭圆积分之和,建立了以大地纬度B为自变量的子午线弧长公式与第二类椭圆积分之间的关系;“形式Ⅱ”给出了以归化纬度μ为自变量、直接利用第二类椭圆积分计算子午线弧长的公式。利用此两种形式的子午线弧长公式,在Matlab中编写程序,调用第二类椭圆积分函数Elliptic E(x, k)计算子午线弧长,精度和计算效率均优于经典算法。对CGCS2000所采用的地球椭球子午线弧长的计算表明,此两种形式的子午线弧长公式建立了子午线弧长公式与第二类椭圆积分的关系,结构简洁,易于展开,一定程度上完善了子午线弧长理论,且便于手工计算及计算机程序实现。     

等距离球面高斯投影

针对传统高斯投影直接基于等角横切圆柱投影而带来的不能直接用球面坐标换算等问题,研究了一种运用等距离球面进行投影的高斯投影,即等距离球面高斯投影。借助等距离纬度正反解公式,推导了等距离球面高斯投影的正反解公式,分析了其经纬线变形情况;基于投影公式,计算和分析了等距离球面高斯投影的长度变形、角度变形、面积变形及子午线收敛角等参数;最后与传统高斯投影进行比较,说明了该投影的可用性。     

桂林三叠世古地理古气候及热带岩溶发育程度探讨

文章对桂林三叠世时的古地理及古气候条件、晚三叠世内陆湖盆的发育及堆积物和残留特征进行了描述，探讨了中晚三叠世桂林热带岩溶发育的程度。认为中晚三叠世是桂林热带岩溶极为强烈发育时期，也是岩溶洞穴强烈发育的一个时期，从此奠定了桂林热带岩溶地貌轮廓雏形。迄后的地质历史中，其热带岩溶基本上是在此基础上的继承发育。     

天文经纬度和天文方位角测定的基本原理

大地天文测量无论在基础科学,还是在国民经济和国防建设中都具有重要的意义。随着空间大地测量技术(VLB、ILLR、SLR和GPS等)的发展,虽然天文测量在应用上有所减少,但在大地测量的绝对定位和中远程武器的发射等领域中仍然是不可替代的技术。本文详细地介绍了天文经纬度和天文方位角测量的基本原理和方法,综述了天文测量目前的发展状况和存在的问题。本文的工作可为天文大地测量的研究提供一定的参考和依据。     

1994年南海夏季风爆发的数值模拟和分析研究

1994年南海夏季风建立于5月第一候,利用MM5成功地模拟了这一过程,并通过敏感性试验,讨论了中纬度系统和中南半岛及其附近地区的积云对流对夏季风环流建立的影响,结果表明:(1)南下接近副热带一定强度的中纬度槽-锋系统的强迫,可引起南海地区副热带高压脊的减弱东撤,因而有利于南海夏季风的建立;(2)东移的中纬度高压脊与南亚高压的同相叠加是触发夏季风建立的重要因子之一,它引起南亚高压中心迅速北移至中南半岛的北部;(3)中南半岛及其附近地区的积云对流加热,对南海地区夏季风环流的建立也有重要的影响.     

二维能量平衡模式对若干气候问题的研究

Based on a two-dimensional energy balance model, the studies on some climatic issues such as the re- lationship between ice cap latitude and solar constant, desertifieation, and the warming effect of carbon dioxide, have been reviewed and discussed. The phenomenon that a fixed solar constant might correspond to different equilibrium ice cap latitudes is determined by the continuity of albedo distribution. The disconti- nuity in albedo distribution increases the number of equilibrium ice cap latitudes. Desert would expand both northward and southward when desert surface albedo is increasing. This would deteriorate the ecological environment in border regions, and then threaten the existence of local inhabitants. Melting of the polar ice would not be accelerated, with increasing carbon dioxide concentration. The ice cap latitude would move northward slowly, with some “hiatus” periods, under the slowly increasing global average surface tempera- ture. According to the current research, future development of the two-dimensional energy balance model and possible progress are also forecasted.     

Modoki对南半球中高纬度气候及海冰异常的影响

利用诊断分析方法分析研究了热带太平洋ENSO Modoki现象对南半球中高纬度气候和海冰的影响。分析了ENSO Modoki现象的季节变化特征,并定义了ENSO Modoki的活跃年和活跃季节。利用偏相关分析、合成分析和超前滞后相关分析等诊断分析方法,分析了1979年1月到2010年12月间ENSO Modoki影响南半球中高纬气候及海冰异常的遥相关模态及可能的遥相关动力机制。研究结果显示费雷尔环流的异常变化是两者之间遥相关的可能方式。