大气浮力频率的时空变化及其影响因子

采用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分别将一日4次、日平均、月平均资料作为输入进行计算,分析了浮力频率在不同尺度下的时间变化及空间变化,发现浮力频率的分布与纬度和高度、海洋和陆地、山脉和地形分布等有关。一般认为,浮力频率取决于上下层的温度差。通过对其表达式的推演,指出浮力频率除了与上下层温度差有关外,也与气温本身有关,是两者的非线性函数。针对不同时间尺度及空间的采样样本,研究了气温和垂直温差在浮力频率时空变化中的相对重要性。结果表明,对浮力频率的某些时空变化,在一些区域,气温本身的变化也很重要,其影响甚至能超过上下层温度差的作用。     

太平洋中部地磁台11年周期变化的研究

综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。     

The Onset of the Monsoon over the Bay of Bengal: The Year-to-Year Variations

In situ buoy observation data spanning four years(2008-2011) were used to demonstrate the year-to-year variations of the monsoon onset processes in the Bay of Bengal(BoB).A significant early(late) monsoon onset event in 2009(2010) was analyzed in detail.It is found that the year-to-year variations of monsoon onset can be attributed to either the interannual variability in the BoB SST or the irregular activities of the intra-seasonal oscillation(ISO).This finding raises concern over the potential difficulties in simulating or predicting the monsoon onset in the BoB region.This uncertainty largely comes from the unsatisfactory model behavior at the intra-seasonal time scale.     

2012 - 2017年伊犁河谷冬季降水日变化特征

利用2012 - 2017年冬季伊犁河谷10个国家气象站逐小时降水资料, 分析了伊犁河谷不同区域降水日变化特征, 结果表明： 冬季伊犁河谷西部和中部地区降水量日变化呈单峰型, 北京时间09：00 - 12：00是主要的峰值时段; 其他地区降水量日变化单峰特征不显著。伊犁河谷大部分地区降水量与降水频次的关系比降水量与降水强度的关系更为密切。伊犁河谷冬季降水事件以6 h以内的短历时降水为主, 但其对冬季总降水量的贡献率不足30%; 持续12 h以上的长持续性降水事件发生次数虽少, 但它是伊犁河谷冬季总降水量的主要贡献者。短历时和持续性降水事件是伊犁河谷西部地区降水量日变化主峰的重要贡献者; 持续性和长持续性降水事件是伊犁河谷中部及北部地区降水量日变化峰值的重要贡献者; 伊犁河谷西南部地区冬季降水日循环与降水持续性之间的关系不显著。     

珠江流域降水干湿时空特征及气候因子影响研究

利用模糊C-均值聚类算法、皮尔逊相关和滑动相关分析等方法,对珠江流域做了气候一致性分析,在此基础上,研究了珠江流域不同分区年降水和干湿季降水变化的时空特征,分析了区域干湿变化与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)、北大西洋涛动(NAO)、印度洋偶极子(IOD)和太平洋10年涛动(PDO)等主要气候因子的遥相关关系,探讨了珠江流域干湿变化的气候成因。在此基础上,进一步研究上述气候指标对不同时间尺度干湿变化影响的平稳性与差异性。除此之外,还研究了气候指标的冷暖期对基于6个月SPI值的珠江流域干湿状态的影响。研究表明:(1)IOD、NAO和ENSO分别是导致珠江流域年降水、湿季降水和干季降水发生变化的主要影响因素,且对当年及下一年降水的影响是相反的。(2)珠江流域不同时间尺度的降水与对其有显著影响的气候指标(年降水与IOD,湿季降水与NAO,干季降水与ENSO),两者之间不同时期的滑动相关往往具有较强的相关性和前后相关一致性。(3)各气候指标对珠江流域不同时间尺度降水的影响在空间分布上不太均匀。(4)不同位相下气候指标对珠江流域干湿状态的影响存在较大差异。总体而言,当处于各气候指标暖期时珠江流域出现湿润期的概率较冷期时更大且在空间分布上更均匀。     

Trends of sea level variations in the South China Sea from merged altimetry data

In this study, more than 13 yr of merged altimetry sea level anomalies (SLA) data were used to analyze the trends of sea level variations in the South China Sea (SCS). The result shows that the mean sea level over the SCS has a rise rate of 11.3 mm/yr during 1993–2000 and a fall rate of 11.8 mm/yr during 2001–2005. The geographical distribution of the sea level variations over the SCS is asymmetric with a pronounced variation existing in the deep water. The trends of thermosteric sea level variations were also examined using Ishii data and MITgcm assimilation data. The result indicates that the thermal change of the upper layer of the SCS has a significant contribution to the sea level variations. Heat budget analysis suggests that heat advection may be a key factor influencing the thermal change. Apart from thermal contribution, the effect of water exchange on the sea level variations was also studied.     

A numerical study on seasonal variations of the Taiwan Warm Current

Princeton Ocean Model (POM) is employed to investigate the Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) and its seasonal variations. Results show that the TWC exhibits pronounced seasonal variations in its sources, strength and flow patterns. In summer, the TWC flows northeast in straight way and reaches around 32°N; it comes mainly from the Taiwan Strait, while its lower part is from the shelf-intrusion of the Kuroshio subsurface water (KSSW). In winter, coming mainly from the shelf-intrusion of the Kuroshio northeast of Taiwan, the TWC flows northward in a winding way and reaches up around 30°N. The Kuroshio intrusion also has distinct seasonal patterns. The shelf-intrusion of KSSW by upwelling is almost the same in four seasons with a little difference in strength; it is a persistent source of the TWC. However, Kuroshio surface water (KSW) can not intrude onto the shelf in summer, while in winter the intrusion of KSW always occurs. Additional experiments were conducted to examine effects of winds and transport through     

卫星重力估计陆地水和冰川对全球海平面变化的贡献

重力场恢复与气候试验（GRACE）卫星为高分辨率地监测全球海洋质量变化提供了一种新的手段。利用2003年1月至2014年12月Level-2 RL05的GRACE产品,进行去相关误差滤波、高斯滤波和海洋-陆地信号泄漏改正后,得到了全球陆地和海水质量变化,并分析了陆地水和冰川的质量变化对海平面长期变化的贡献。研究表明,全球陆地水和冰川的质量变化对海平面的贡献约为（2.09±0.54）mm/a,与卫星测高扣除海洋温盐数据比热容变化得到的海水质量长期变化（2.07±0.62）mm/a有着很好的一致性,其中全球陆地水储量对全球质量项海平面变化的贡献为（0.15±0.25）mm/a,南极冰盖对全球质量项海平面变化的贡献为（0.59±0.10）mm/a,格陵兰岛冰盖对全球质量项海平面变化的贡献为（0.72±0.12）mm/a,山地冰川对全球质量项海平面变化的贡献为（0.63±0.09）mm/a。并进一步讨论了不同分析中心GRACE重力场系数,一阶项系数和二阶项对质量项海平面变化的影响。结果表明,一阶项对质量项海平面的影响为（0.10±0.08）mm/a,二阶项对质量项海平面的影响为（0.16±0.04）mm/a,美国德克萨斯大学空间研究中心和德国地学研究中心分析结果较为一致,而美国国家航空航天局喷气推进实验室的结果则稍稍偏小。     

Long-term changes in fish communities of the Ria Formosa coastal lagoon (southern Portugal) based on two studies made 20 years apart

Fish communities of the Ria Formosa coastal lagoon (south Portugal) were sampled on a monthly basis with a beach seine at 4 sites, during two different time periods: 1980–1986 and 2001–2002. Community indices, species ranking and multivariate analysis were used in order to identify changes in the fish community between the two time periods. A total of 153,511 fish representing 57 taxa were recorded. Although species composition was very similar for both sampling periods, multivariate analysis performed on annual species abundance in number and weight revealed differences in fish community structure between the two periods. Structural changes in fish community were related mostly to a sharp decrease in the abundance of Mugilidae from 1980–1986 to 2001–2002. These changes were probably associated to a decrease in organic matter contents and nutrients concentrations due to improvements in sewage treatment and better water circulation inside the lagoon. The changes in fish community structure are more evident in the inner areas of the lagoon than near the inlet. The association between changes in sewage patterns and changes in the ichthyofaunal community structure reinforces the importance of fish communities as a biological indicator of human induced changes in marine systems.     

Variability of the partial pressure of CO2 on a daily-to-seasonal time scale in a shallow coastal system affected by intensive aquaculture activities (Bay of Cadiz, SW Iberian Peninsula)

The present study describes the temporal variability of the water fCO₂ as well as the different driving forces controlling this variability, on time scales from daily to seasonal, in the Rio San Pedro, a tidal creek located in a salt marsh area in the Bay of Cadiz (SW Iberian Peninsula). This shallow tidal creek system is affected by effluents of organic matter and nutrients from the surrounding marine fish farms. Continuous pCO₂, salinity and temperature were recorded for four periods of approximately one month, between February and September in 2004.Major processes controlling the CO₂ variability are related to three different time scales. Daily variations in fCO₂ are controlled by tidal advection and mixing of the water from within the creek and the seawater that enters from the Bay of Cadiz. Significant cyclical variations of the fCO₂ have been observed with the maximum values occurring at low tide. On a fortnightly time scale, the amplitude of the daily variability of fCO₂ is modulated by the variations in the residence time of the water within the creek, which are related to the spring–neap tide sequence.On a third time scale, high seasonal variability is observed for the temperature, salinity and fCO₂. Maximum and minimum values for fCO₂ were 380 µatm and 3760 µatm for February and July respectively. Data suggest that seasonal variability is related to the seasonal variability in discharges from the fish farm and to the increase with temperature of organic matter respiratory processes in the tidal creek. The fCO₂ values observed are in the same range as several highly polluted European estuaries or waters surrounding mangrove forests. From the air–water CO₂ flux computed, it can be concluded that the Rio San Pedro acts as a source of CO₂ to the atmosphere throughout the year, with the summer accounting for the higher average monthly flux.