Mine ventilation planning in the 1980s

Conclusions In this paper, the author has attempted to trace the development of mine ventilation planning from the traditional, manual and largely empirical methods of the past to the numerate computer-based techniques of the 1980s.The computer revolution has changed the face of many engineering disciplines, not least mine environmental engineering. Nevertheless, the mining industries of the world have not all been equally progressive in adapting to the flexibility, power and practical utilization of the new methodologies. It is, for example, incongruous that current textbooks on mine ventilation separate completely the topics of network analysis and ventilation planning with very little cross-referencing. Many of the current generation of mine ventilation engineers recognize the need to know about computers but find difficulty in translating this into their daily work. The growing availability of self-teaching, friendly software for personal microcomputers, coupled with interactive graphics, will assist greatly in promoting uncomplicated but powerful usage of computers.Young engineers now graduating from universities and colleges have been brought up in a computer-oriented environment and are competent in interacting with these machines. Indeed, they wonder how the job was ever done without magnetic data bases and high-speed computation aid.     

长江中下游6月份降水的一个预报指标

根据１９６３－１９９２年嵊山海洋站２月海气感热输送和２２ａ太阳磁周期与降水的关系，提出了一个长江中下游６月降水的综合预报指标，用此指标，对１９９３年６月长江中下游降水进行回报，结果与实况一致。     

北太平洋海面异常风场的时空分布特征与海气热量交换

用北太平洋（含赤道太平洋区）１９４９～１９７９年的ＣＯＡＤＳ资料，通过矢量ＥＯＦ分解得到北太平洋异常风场的分布型及其时间变化规律。分析表明，ＥＯＦ１～５场与大气活动中心、海洋相互作用有联系，具有明显的天气学意义。此外，还讨论了ＥＯＦ异常风场间的转换及其季节性差异。     

南极海冰快速下降历史事件的时空特征分析

卫星记录以来,南极海冰范围发生5次快速下降事件,研究这5次事件的时空特征,对进一步认识海冰快速下降事件的物理机制具有重要意义。基于海冰范围和海冰密集度的卫星数据,从时间和空间两个维度总结5次南极海冰快速下降事件的特征,再结合大气和海洋各项环境因素的再分析数据,探讨海冰快速下降的影响因素及其驱动过程。结果显示:南极海冰快速下降的空间分布存在季节性差异, 2021年8～12月以及2016年8～12月的春季南极海冰快速下降由别林斯高晋海、威德尔海、印度洋和西太平洋区域的海冰减少所主导; 2010年12月至2011年4月以及1985年12月至1986年4月的夏季南极海冰快速下降由威德尔海、罗斯海沿岸和西太平洋区域的海冰减少所主导;2008年4～8月的冬季南极海冰快速下降则由别林斯高晋海和西太平洋的部分区域的海冰减少所主导。探究影响海冰的环境因素发现,海表面温度和海表面净热通量对海冰减少的热力效应影响具有区域性差异。此外,南极海冰快速下降受阿蒙森低压的影响,相应的海表面风异常既通过经向热输运的热力效应导致海冰减少,也通过风的动力效应驱动海冰漂移使得海冰密集度降低。     

Bowen数和东中国海Bowen数分布

本文讨论Bowen数的意义、功能和计算法。同时,依据多年水文气象实测资料作统计,计算出东中国海的Bo值。其结果绘制成1月至12月的月平均分布图,从而对本海域的Bo分布特点作详细分析介绍。     

前苏联七十年海冰研究回顾

本文简要介绍了前苏联近七十年来海冰研究的主要成果及其采用的一些预报方法。     

漳州地区热田的水热活动及其成因

本文通过漳州地热田及其周围地区的水热活动、地质构造特征及人工爆破、重力、地磁、电性结构、地震活动性等综合地球物理场之间关系分析，得出漳州地热田是高热异常背景下产生的对流型水热系统：深切到上地幔的ＮＥ向长乐－南澳断裂、ＮＷ向九龙江断裂及Ｅ－Ｗ向南靖－厦门断裂控制了地下水的深循环，使大气降水得以下渗到〉３ｋｍ深度，被地温加热并富集起来，在静水压力作用下沿通道－断裂带的交汇部位上涌。热田区破碎的岩石导致     

Heat flow pattern, base of methane hydrates stability zones and BSRs in Shenhu Area, northern South China Sea

Using the collected 433 heat flow values, we estimated the bases of methane hydrate stability zone (BHSZ), in northern South China Sea (NSCS). Through comparing BHSZs with the depths of bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs), in Shenhu Area (SA), we found that there are big differences between them. In the north of SA, where the water depth is shallow, many slumps developed and the sedimentation rate is high, it appears great negative difference (as large as -192%). However, to the southeast of SA, where the water depth is deeper, sedimentation rate is relatively low and uplift basement topography exists, it changes to positive difference (as large as +45%). The differences change so great, which haven’t been observed in other places of the world. After considering the errors from the process of heat flow measurement, the BSR depth, the relationship of thermal conductivity with the sediments depth, and the fluid flow activities, we conclude that the difference should be not caused by these errors. Such big disagreement may be due to the misunderstanding of BSR. The deviant “BSRs” could represent the paleo-BSRs or just gas-bearing sediment layers, such as unconformities or the specific strata where have different permeability, which are not hydraterelated BSRs.     

印度洋热含量在南海夏季风爆发中的作用

利用Scripps海洋研究所0—400m上层海洋热含量资料和美国环境监测中心/国家大气研究中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research,NCEP/NCAR)的再分析资料,运用经验正交分解(empirical orthogonal function,EOF)等统计方法,研究在有ENSO影响和去除ENSO影响的情况下,前期春季印度洋热含量如何影响南海夏季风爆发。结果表明,在没有扣除ENSO信号的情况下,热带印度洋热含量EOF分解第一模态呈东西相反变化的空间分布。印度洋东部热含量为正(负)异常、西部为负(正)异常时,南海夏季风爆发较早(晚),印度洋上层热含量主要通过影响热带印度洋上空大气的垂直运动和高低层辐散辐合,进而影响季风纬向环流的强弱,来影响南海夏季风爆发的早晚。在扣除ENSO信号的情况下,印度洋热含量CEOF(conditional EOF)第一模态的空间分布类似于EOF第一模态的空间分布;第二模态表现为除小部分海区外,热带印度洋热含量呈一致变化的海盆模态。这两个模态对南海夏...     

水平螺旋槽管壁面液膜传热特性的研究

对管式高效传热传质元件的工程应用进行理论探讨,根据水平螺旋槽管壁面液膜的形成机理及传热特性,通过建立单组分流体的物理和数学模型,得到了液膜速度和厚度解析解,并分析了在蒸发、冷凝时水平螺槽管的表面几何形状对液膜厚度分布的影响。结果表明：液膜的厚度主要受表面张力和槽道表面几何形状的影响,在槽道内弯处较厚,而在槽道起始处较薄,冷凝时与蒸发时相比液膜厚度更薄,液膜分布更均匀。相对于光滑直管,水平螺旋槽管壁面液膜具有更均匀的厚度分布,具有更好的传热传质性能。