青海省同仁县隆务镇西山滑坡研究

论述了西山滑坡的地质特征，分析其复活机理，并找出控制其活动，再变形的主要因素，进而用Ｓａｒｍａ法评价其稳定性，为制定有效治理措施提供科学依据。     

A three-dimensional model of the global ammonia cycle

Using a three-dimensional (3-D) transport model of the troposphere, we calculated the global distributions of ammonia (NH₃) and ammonium (NH ₄ ⁺ ), taking into account removal of NH₃ on acidic aerosols, in liquid water clouds and by reaction with OH. Our estimated global 10°×10° NH₃ emission inventory of 45 Tg N-NH₃ yr^– provides a reasonable agreement between calculated wet NH ₄ ⁺ deposition and measurements and of measured and modeled NH ₄ ⁺ in aerosols, although in Africa and Asia especially discrepancies exist.NH₃ emissions from natural continental ecosystems were calculated applying a canopy compensation point and oceanic NH₃ emissions were related to those of DMS (dimethylsulfide). In many regions of the earth, the pH found in rain and cloud water can be attributed to acidity derived from NO, SO₂ and DMS emissions and alkalinity from NH₃. In the remote lower troposphere, sulfate aerosols are calculated to be almost neutralized to ammonium sulfate (NH₄)₂SO₄, whereas in the middle and upper troposphere, according to our calculations, the aerosol should be more acidic, as a result of the oxidation of DMS and SO₂ throughout the troposphere and removal of NH₃ on acidic aerosols at lower heights. Although the removal of NH₃ by reaction with the OH radical is relatively slow, the intermediate NH₂ radical can provide a substantial annual N₂O source of 0.9 _–0.4 ^+0.9 Tg, thus contributing byca. 5% to estimated global N₂O production. The oxidation by OH of NH₃ from anthropogenic sources accounts for 10% of the estimated total anthropogenic sources of N₂O. This source was not accounted for in previous studies, and is mainly located in the tropics, which have high NH₃ and OH concentrations. Biomass burning plumes, containing high NO _x and NH₃ concentrations provide favourable conditions for gas phase N₂O production. This source is probably underestimated in this model study, due to the coarse resolution of the 3-D model, and the rather low biomass burning NH₃ and NO _x emissions adopted. The estimate depends heavily on poorly known concentrations of NH₃ (and NO _x ) in the tropics, and uncertainties in the rate constants of the reactions NH₂ + NO₂ N₂O + H₂O (R4), and NH₂ + O₃ NH₂O + O₂ (R7).     

Shallow landslides in pyroclastic soils: a distributed modelling approach for hazard assessment

An effective assessment of shallow landslide hazard requires spatially distributed modelling of triggering processes. This is possible by using physically based models that allow us to simulate the transient hydrological and geotechnical processes responsible for slope instability. Some simplifications are needed to address the lack of data and the difficulty of calibration over complex terrain at the catchment's scale. We applied two simple hydrological models, coupled with the infinite slope stability analysis, to the May 1998 landslide event in Sarno, Southern Italy. A quasi-dynamic model (Barling et al., 1994) was used to model the contribution to instability of lateral flow by simulating the time-dependent formation of a groundwater table in response to rainfall. A diffusion model [Water Resour. Res. 36 (2000) 1897] was used to model the role of vertical flux by simulating groundwater pressures that develop in response to heavy rainstorms. The quasi-dynamic model overestimated the slope instability over the whole area (more than 16%) but was able to predict correctly slope instability within zero order basins where landslides occurred and developed into large debris flows. The diffusion model simulated correctly the triggering time of more than 70% of landslides within an unstable area amounting to 7.3% of the study area. These results support the hypothesis that both vertical and lateral fluxes were responsible for landslide triggering during the Sarno event, and confirm the utility of such models as tools for hazard planning and land management.     

滑坡可视化地面模型

简述了滑坡可视化地面模型的构建及可视化方法。介绍了可视化软件IDL的功能和特点。利用IDL中的TRIANGULATE函数和TRIGRID函数相结合 ,建立了基于Delaunay三角网的规则格网地面模型。最后 ,论述了滑坡可视化地面模型研究的意义。     

新疆新源山区黄土滑坡形成条件与防治措施

新疆新源山区黄土滑坡十分发育，造成的危害相当严重．黄土滑坡的形成条件主要包括地质条件、地貌条件和斜坡受力条件3种．在地质条件和地貌条件一定的前提下，受力条件的改变是导致黄土斜坡稳定失衡和发生滑坡的最根本原因，降雨和融雪水入渗是影响斜坡受力条件改变的主导因素．对黄土滑坡的防治，建议采取避让和以避让为主的防治措施．     

主动式集成GPS滑坡监测系统的研制与监测实践

主动式集成GPS滑坡监测系统是GPS技术与电子全站仪技术的高度集成。本文叙述了主动式集成GPS滑坡监测系统的基本原理与工作过程。     

Prediction of the behaviour of landslide dams using a geomorphological dimensionless index

Landslide dams are a common phenomenon. They form when a landslide reaches the bottom of a river valley causing a blockage. The first effect of such a dam is the infilling of a lake that inundates the areas upstream, while the possibility of a sudden dam collapse, with a rapid release of the impounded waters, poses a higher flood risk to the downstream areas. The results of the main inventories carried out to date on landslide dams, have been examined to determine criteria for forecasting landslide dam evolution with particular emphasis on the assessment of dam stability. Not all landslides result in the blockage of a river channel. This only occurs with ones that can move a large amount of material with moderate or high‐velocities. In most cases, these landslides are triggered by rainfall events or high magnitude earthquakes. A relationship also exists between the volume of the displaced material and the landslide dam stability. Several authors have proposed that landslide dam behaviour can be forecast by defining various geomorphological indexes, that result from the combination of variables identifying both the dam and the dammed river channel. Further developments of this geomorphological approach are presented in this paper by the definition of a dimensionless blockage index. Starting with an analysis of 84 episodes selected worldwide, it proved to be a useful tool for making accurate predictions concerning the fate of a landslide dam. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

二郎山和平沟滑坡成因分析及稳定性评价

在对二郎山和平沟滑坡的地质地貌条件及变形迹象调查的基础上，结合滑坡位移监测资料分析．研究了滑坡的成因并对其稳定性进行了评价和预测。     

清江隔河岩水库蓄水后茅坪滑坡的变形机理及其发展趋势研究

茅坪滑坡位于清江隔河岩水库左岸,下距隔河岩坝址66Km,是隔河岩水库中最大的一个基岩古滑坡,体积约2350104m3。自1993年4月10日水库下闸蓄水以来,该滑坡发生了持续的缓慢变形,至目前为止,最大位移达2100mm,且仍在变形过程中。     

利用NMR研究三峡工程库区赵树岭滑坡稳定性

核磁共振找水仪(NMR)应用于滑坡地下水研究具有广泛的前景。本文以三峡工程库区巴东县赵树岭滑坡为例,说明利用NMR测试成果确定岩土层水文地质参数的方法,同时根据滑体含水量变化特征,进行滑坡的地下水含水层划分、滑动面确定,改进滑坡稳定性计算。利用NMR测试所测定的滑坡体地下水特征,进行赵树岭滑坡刚体极限平衡分析和有限元数值模拟,结果表明地下水特征对滑坡稳定影响很大,利用NMR可以更准确和有效地进行滑坡稳定性研究。