新疆乌恰康苏地区构造地貌与景观生态格局研究

新疆乌恰康苏地区位于西昆仑山与西南天山对冲作用形成的盆山耦合带,其构造地貌具有显著的山地-平原分布格局特征.文章以"3S"技术为基础进行构造地貌填图,划分新疆乌恰康苏地区的景观类型,研究构造地貌对该区域景观生态格局的影响.采用垂向山地-平原构造地貌为指标,划分5个景观类;以土地利用类型+植被覆盖为指标,划分6个景观型;...     

Anticlockwise evolution of ultrahigh-temperature granulites within continental collision zone in southern India

We report three new localities of corundum and sapphirine-bearing hyper aluminous Mg-rich and silica-poor ultrahigh-temperature granulites formed during Late Neoproterozoic-Cambrian times within the Palghat–Cauvery Shear Zone system in southern India. From petrologic characteristics, mineral chemistry and petrogenetic grid considerations, the peak metamorphic conditions of these rocks are inferred to lie around 950–1000 °C (as suggested by Al in orthopyroxene thermometer) at pressures above 10 kbar (as indicated by the equilibrium orthopyroxene–sillimanite–gedrite ± quartz assemblage). These rocks preserve several remarkable reaction textures, the most prominent among which is the triple corona of spinel–sapphirine–cordierite on corundum, with the whole textural assembly embedded within the matrix of gedrite, suggesting the reaction: Ged + Crn = Spl + Spr + Crd. The formation of sapphirine–sillimanite assemblage/symplectite associated with relict corundum and porphyroblasitc cordierite is explained by the reaction: Crd + Crn = Spr + Sil. The association of sapphirine cordierite symplectite with gedrite–sillimanite assemblage as well as with aluminosilicate boundaries indicates the gedrite consuming reaction: Ged + Sil = Spr + Crd. Extensive growth of sapphirine–cordierite observed on the rim of gedrite porphyroblasts with spinel occurring as relict inclusions within the sapphirine indicates the reaction: Ged + Spl = Spr + Crd. The pressure–temperature (P–T) path defined from the observed mineral assemblages and reaction texture is characterized by anticlockwise trajectory, with a prograde segment of initial heating and subsequent deep burial, followed by retrograde near-isothermal decompression. Such an anticlockwise trajectory is being reported for the first time from southern India and has important tectonic implications since these rocks were developed at the leading edge of the crustal block that was involved in collisional orogeny and subsequent extension during the final phase of assembly of the Gondwana supercontinent. We propose that the rocks were subjected to deep subduction and rapid exhumation, and the extreme thermal conditions were attained either through input from underplated mantle-derived magmas, or convective thinning or detachment of the lithospheric thermal boundary layer during or after crustal thickening.     

延边闹枝铜金矿床的矿物流体包裹体特征与成矿作用研究

闹枝铜金矿床是延边内生金铜矿集区内的典型矿床之一,矿体主要为含金黄铜矿黄铁矿石英脉型。笔者运用显微测温、激光拉曼探针,对其矿物内的流体包裹体进行了系统研究。实验结果表明:①流体包裹体的类型主要为气液两相包裹体,其次为纯气相、富气相包裹体及纯液相包裹体,还有少量含子晶的多相包裹体;②流体包裹体的均一温度为150～410℃,与黄铁绢英岩、石英-黄铁矿、石英-多金属硫化物及石英方解石脉4个矿化蚀变阶段相对应的流体包裹体的均一温度分别为350～410℃、290～350℃、210～290℃、150～210℃;③流体包裹体的盐度w(NaCleq)为1.74%～20.97%,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ矿化阶段成矿流体的盐度w(NaCleq)分别为2.396%～5.548%、2.24%～8.68%、1.74%～20.97%和6.3%;④流体包裹体的气体成分主要为H2O和CO2。结合前人的研究成果,笔者进一步确定该矿床的成矿流体具有深源岩浆热流体性质,在流体上升过程中曾发生过弱的沸腾作用,并在硫化物石英脉、多金属硫化物石英脉、方铅矿脉以及石英方解石脉形成过程中,伴有少量地下水或大气水的加入。     

石西地区八道湾组三段辫状河三角洲的识别与沉积特征研究

针对前人提出准噶尔盆地腹部石西地区下侏罗统八道湾组三段为曲流河三角洲沉积的观点,笔者根据碎屑岩的结构、沉积构造及砂体的空间展布等特征,认为八道湾组三段是在较强水动力条件下牵引流沉积的产物,其沉积环境应属于辫状河三角洲沉积。通过对研究区八道湾组三段辫状河三角洲的沉积特征进行综合研究,认为该区辫状河三角洲发育2种亚相和5种微相:辫状河三角洲平原分流河道、河漫沼泽,辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道、支流间湾、河口砂坝。并分析了其展布特征与演化过程,推测该区八道湾组三段沉积早期湖平面下降,研究区内发育辫状河三角洲前缘沉积;中期湖平面继续下降,发育辫状河三角洲平原沉积;晚期湖平面上升,沉积物有所变细。西北部哈拉阿拉特山—德仑山及扎伊尔山物源体系是其主要物源区。     

黄河三角洲清水沟流路叶瓣体演化

根据历年卫星遥感资料和水深资料,对黄河三角洲清水沟流路叶瓣体演化和海底冲淤演化进行研究。结果表明,清水沟流路形成初期河口三角洲快速堆积,淤积中心厚度14m,1984年后河口三角洲淤积速度变缓,河口沙咀在波浪、潮流及科氏力作用下变得细长,并逐渐南偏,莱州湾内出现大面积的淤积,1996年黄河口人工改道后,在新河口处形成淤积中心,厚度4.5m。废弃三角洲遭受冲刷,原淤积中心成为冲刷中心。     

上市公司与客户联系视角下的中国城际网络结构时空演化研究

企业间的联系是城市联系的重要组成部分,加强对基于企业间联系的城市功能网络分析对丰富城市网络理论研究具有重要意义。采用2010—2020年上市公司与其前五大客户间的贸易关系数据构建了中国城市网络,基于企业间的贸易联系视角分析城市网络时空演变特征。研究表明：(1) 2010—2020年间城市网络规模呈现先升后降的特征,整体网络密度较低,位于0.014～0.018之间;网络重心呈现“S”形空间轨迹变化和整体向南移动的趋势,网络总体空间结构由沿海向“T”形结构转变;(2)网络流量集中于少数节点城市,资金进出量前20城市总额占资金总流量的71.9%,北京、上海是网络的绝对核心,杭州、武汉、深圳、广州等省会或副省级城市承担着区域中心的功能,佛山、齐齐哈尔、南通等制造业发达城市是重要节点;(3)五大城市群中珠江三角洲网络密度最高,位于0.324～0.334之间,长江三角洲贸易总流量最高,为783.5亿元,长江中游城市群和成渝城市群网络发育相对滞后;(4)新冠疫情对整体网络的贸易流量和网络结构产生了明显影响,网络社团进一步分化重组,广州—深圳社团明显增强,上海社团明显减弱。研究结果对推动国内大循环和统...     

云南德钦及邻区晚三叠世火山沉积盆地演化

云南德钦及邻晚三叠世火山沉积盆地的形成和演化与江达－维西火山弧的演化密切相关,而后者的形成则受控于金沙江洋盆的俯冲消减作用。从现有的研究成果来看,德钦及邻区晚三叠世火山沉积盆地的属性存在较大的分歧。本文根据火山岩和沉积学等方面的信息,认为生达－车所－鲁麻盆地,徐中－鲁春－红坡和箐口塘－催依比－上兰盆地三个晚三叠世火山沉积舅地应属走滑拉张盆地,并探讨了其形成演化历史。     

北京城市热岛效应对冬夏季降水的影响研究

利用北京地区20个气象观测站最近30年（1975～2004年）冬季（12～2月）、夏季（6～8月）平均气温、降水量和降水日数资料,研究了城市热岛效应的年代际变化及其对降水的影响。结果表明:（1）最近30年来,北京城区与北部山区之间的温度梯度在明显加大,其中,冬季温度梯度的平均增幅为0.6℃/10 a,夏季约为0.2℃/10 a。（2）在北京城区南北两侧,冬季和夏季的降水日数、降水量的相对变化趋势明显不同:相对区域平均而言,在城区及南部近郊区,冬季降水日数和降水量都在明显增加;夏季,城区北侧的降水日数呈加速增长趋势,尽管南部平原郊区的相对降水日数变化不大,但降水量在相对减少。（3）城市热岛效应对不同季节降水分布的影响,可能是城乡温度梯度与盛行风相互作用的结果,就北京地区而言,地形的存在,强化了城区与北部郊区之间的温度梯度:冬季盛行北风气流,在北部郊区,热岛效应强迫产生的边界层下沉运动有可能造成局地降水天气过程相对减少,城区及其南侧则相反;夏季盛行南风气流,随着城市热岛效应的增强, 发生在北部近郊区的弱降水天气过程趋于增多。     

TRMM-retrieved Cloud Structure and Evolution of MCSs over the Northern South China Sea and Impacts of CAPE and Vertical Wind Shear

Cloud structure and evolution of Mesoscale Convective Systems(MCSs) retrieved from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager(TRMM TMI) and Precipitation Radar(PR) were investigated and compared with some pioneer studies based on soundings and models over the northern South China Sea(SCS).The impacts of Convective Available Potential Energy(CAPE) and environmental vertical wind shear on MCSs were also explored.The main features of MCSs over the SCS were captured well by both TRMM PR and TMI.However,the PR-retrieved surface rainfall in May was less than that in June,and the reverse for TMI.TRMM-retrieved rainfall amounts were generally consistent with those estimated from sounding and models.However,rainfall amounts from sounding-based and PR-based estimates were relatively higher than those retrieved from TRMM-TMI data.The Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) modeling simulation underestimated the maximum rain rate by 22% compared to that derived from TRMM-PR,and underestimated mean rainfall by 10.4% compared to the TRMM-TMI estimate,and by 12.5% compared to the sounding-based estimate.The warm microphysical processes modeled from both the WRF and the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble(GCE) models were quite close to those based on TMI,but the ice water contents in the models were relatively less compared to that derived from TMI.The CAPE and wind shear induced by the monsoon circulation were found to play critical roles in maintaining and developing the intense convective clouds over SCS.The latent heating rate increased more than twofold during the monsoon period and provided favorable conditions for the upward transportation of energy from the ocean,giving rise to the possibility of inducing large-scale interactions.     

Resonance trapping and evolution of particles subject to poynting-robertson drag: Adiabatic and non-adiabatic approaches

The problem of resonance trapping for particles subject to Poynting-Robertson drag is approached initially from an adiabatic regime theory. A simplified Hamiltonian system is presented for simple eccentricity-type resonances up to order 3, and expressions related to the trapping process are deduced. The fast dissipation provoked by Poynting-Robertson leads to the employment of a numerical approach for the computation of resonance capture probabilities, for particles in the size range of practical importance. Some aspects of the dynamical evolution of a particle after capture are noticed from results of numerical integrations. Analytical methods are used in order to confirm the numerical results.